人体蠕形螨感染调查及相关因素分析

目的探讨蠕形螨感染与集体生活、卫生习惯及痤疮、酒渣鼻等面部疾患的关系。方法采用透明胶带粘贴过夜和挤粘结合法对213名在校大学生进行蠕形螨检查，同时对个人卫生习惯、皮肤类型及面部疾患等相关因素问卷调查。结果在校大学生蠕形螨总感染率为49．3％，男性(51．3％)略高于女性(47．0％)；毛囊蠕形螨面部感染率高于皮脂蠕形螨；洗刷用品个人专用可降低蠕形螨感染率；油性皮肤或混合性皮肤学生蠕形螨感染率及患酒渣鼻、痤疮等面部疾患的概率均较高。结论蠕形螨感染与个人卫生习惯、皮肤类型密切相关；蠕形螨感染是痤疮、酒渣鼻等疾患的发病因素之一。     

人体蠕形螨感染调查及相关因素分析

目的　探讨蠕形螨感染与集体生活、卫生习惯及痤疮、酒渣鼻等面部疾患的关系。　方法　采用透明胶带粘贴过夜和挤粘结合法对 2 13名在校大学生进行蠕形螨检查 ,同时对个人卫生习惯、皮肤类型及面部疾患等相关因素问卷调查。　结果　在校大学生蠕形螨总感染率为 49.3 % ,男性 (5 1.3 % )略高于女性 (4 7.0 % ) ;毛囊蠕形螨面部感染率高于皮脂蠕形螨 ;洗刷用品个人专用可降低蠕形螨感染率 ;油性皮肤或混合性皮肤学生蠕形螨感染率及患酒渣鼻、痤疮等面部疾患的概率均较高。　结论　蠕形螨感染与个人卫生习惯、皮肤类型密切相关 ;蠕形螨感染是痤疮、酒渣鼻等疾患的发病因素之一。     

医学生蠕形螨检测方法比较及感染因素的分析

目的 比较蠕形螨的检测方法,了解我校医学生蠕形螨感染情况,分析蠕形螨感染的相关因素.方法 分别采用透明胶纸法、刮脂法、挤刮法对612名学生进行蠕形螨检测,并通过问卷调查分析蠕形螨感染的相关因素.结果 透明胶纸法、刮脂法和挤压检测的感染率分别为21.73％、14.71％、15.35％.透明胶纸法检测的感染率高于其他2种方法,大学生蠕形螨感染率为21.73％,油性皮肤和混合性皮肤感染率与干性皮肤感染率相比差异具有统计学意义,油性皮肤和混合性皮肤感染率较高,面部健康者和面部疾患者感染率无统计学意义.结论 在以后的教学中采用透明胶纸法检测蠕形螨,大学生以轻度感染为主,蠕形螨感染与生活习惯、皮肤性状、集体生活因素密切相关.     

桂林市服务行业人员蠕形螨感染及相关因素调查分析

对桂林市646名理发员、美发师、饭店服务员进行了蠕形螨检查,总感染率为55.26%(357/646),其中理发员感染率为81.77%(157/192),美发师感染率为66.91%(93/139),饭店服务员感染率为33.97%(107/315);男性感染率为36.61%(67/183),女性感染率为62.63%(290/463);经常与理发者混用毛巾者、剃须刀等用品的理发员和美发师感染率为91.13%(267/293),不混用者感染率为32.01%(113/353);面部皮肤正常者感染率17.60%(41/233),面部皮肤有疾患者感染率76.51%(316/413)。蠕形螨感染率与个人卫生习惯有密切关系;加强健康教育,培养良好的个人卫生习惯,是预防蠕形螨感染的关键。     

面部皮肤病患者蠕形螨感染情况调查

目的　了解面部皮肤病患者蠕形螨感染情况。　方法　采用挤粘结合法对大连市 373名面部皮肤病患者进行蠕形螨感染调查。　结果　总感染率为 89.81% ,男女感染率和感染度间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;男女皮肤病患者均以蠕形螨重度感染多见 ;毛囊蠕形螨为优势螨种 ;蠕形螨面部寄生部位排序为鼻、额、下颌、颊部 ;不同职业间蠕形螨感染差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,以学生感染率最低 ,为 6 4 .10 % ,工人、服务行业从业人员感染率最高 ,分别为 98.5 3%和97.18%。　结论　面部常见皮肤病与蠕形螨感染关系密切。     

医学院校在校生蠕形螨感染调查与分析

目的了解医学院校大学生蠕形螨感染现状。方法使用透明胶纸粘贴法,对2006和2007级在校大学生感染蠕形螨情况进行调查,并鉴定虫种。结果 540名学生中,蠕形螨感染267人,感染率49.44%。其中2006和2007级学生感染率分别为52.78%和44.44%;男、女生感染率分别为48.58%(103/212)和50.00%(164/328);单纯毛囊蠕形螨感染163人(占61.05%),单纯皮脂蠕形螨感染37人(占13.86%),混合感染者67人(占25.09%);鼻部螨虫感染211人(占79.02%),额部螨虫感染78人(占29.21%),颊部螨虫感染81人(占30.34%)。结论在校大学生蠕形螨感染率较高,以毛囊蠕形螨感染为主,感染部位主要为鼻部。     

哈尔滨市在校大学生面部蠕形螨感染调查

人体蠕形螨(human demodex)俗称毛囊虫,为蠕形螨科蠕型螨属,是寄生在人及其他哺乳动物的毛囊和皮脂腺内的一种条件致病性螨类.蠕形螨以皮肤的角质蛋白及细胞代谢产物为食,常侵犯人的颜面部如鼻、前额、颊部等皮脂发达的部位.蠕形螨呈世界性分布,人群普遍易感,国外报道人群感染率为27％～100％,国内报道感染率为0.8％～81％[1].近年来的研究表明,蠕形螨与一般皮肤病如酒渣鼻、痤疮及脂溢性皮炎等有一定关系[2].个人卫生习惯、皮肤类型与蠕形螨感染密切相关[3,4],具有居室聚集性,容易在人群中传播[5].为了了解当地在校大学生蠕形螨感染情况,我们对哈尔滨医科大学在校住宿的大学生进行了抽样调查,结果报告如下.     

白天挤粘法检测在校大学生蠕形螨感染效果分析

目的分析白天挤粘法检出蠕形螨感染的情况。方法采用挤粘法对434名在校大学生进行蠕形螨检查,在显微成像系统下观察并记录拍照,同时调查受检者个人卫生习惯。结果 434名学生中158人感染蠕形螨,感染率为36.41%,男生感染率为26.79%,女生感染率为42.48%,女生显著高于男生(χ2=9.64,P<0.01);毛囊蠕形螨面部感染率(69.62%)高于皮脂蠕形螨(17.09%)(χ2=44.38,P<0.01);卵检出率19.60%,高于常规检查方法的卵检出率。检出的螨虫在透明胶纸上保存时间较长,20d左右蠕形螨的形态依然清晰可辨。结论白天挤粘法取材方便快速,操作简单,观察标本时间足够,适合临床检验和大样本人群普查。     

芜湖市医学生蠕形螨感染情况调查及影响因素分析

目的调查芜湖市医学院大学生面部蠕形螨感染情况,并分析其影响因素。方法采用透明胶纸法进行蠕形螨标本采集,以问卷形式对受检者进行蠕形螨感染影响因素调查。结果共调查学生316人,感染者117人,总感染率为37.03%(117/316),男女感染率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.00,P0.05)。117例感染者中,单纯毛囊蠕形螨感染率(51.28%)、单纯皮脂蠕形螨感染率(24.79%)和混合感染率(23.93%)现象均存在;轻度感染(83.76%)显著高于中度感染(12.82%)、重度感染(3.42%),额部感染居多(29.41%)。其中油性肤质的螨种感染与性别有关,男性皮脂蠕形螨的感染率(3.70%)低于女性皮脂蠕形螨的感染率(16.42%)(χ~2=6.92,P0.05),而男性混合感染的感染率(17.28%)则高于女性(4.48%)(χ~2=5.91,P0.05)。面部皮肤有症状的蠕形螨感染率(51.80%)显著高于面部皮肤正常的蠕形螨感染率(33.05%)(χ~2=9.14,P0.01)。生活习惯等因素对蠕形螨感染率的影响差异无统计学意义。结论医学生面部存在一定的蠕形螨感染,有皮肤症状人群的蠕形螨感染率显著高于面部皮肤正常者,应加强医学生蠕形螨感染的防治。     

集体聚集与非集体聚集人群蠕形螨感染的Meta分析

蠕形螨呈世界性分布，人群感染普遍。国外报道的感染率为27％～100％，国内为0．8％～81％。有报道人体蠕形螨感染呈聚集性，集体聚集人群(在校二年级、三年级老生)感染率高于非集体聚集人群(入学新生)。周大森等的研究结果相反，认为非集体聚集人群(教师、医护人员、工人、干部等)感染率高于集体聚集人群(学生)。谭光恒等则认为在校生(集体聚集)与新生(非集体聚集)间蠕形螨感染率差异无显著性。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.