2015-2016年洛阳市市售蔬菜中铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、镍含量分析

目的了解洛阳市市售蔬菜中重金属污染的现状,为政府部门制定食品安全政策提供数据分析基础。方法2015-2016年5月、11月分别在洛阳市三县四区内随机选择90份市售蔬菜,按照国标方法测定其铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、镍的含量。结果重金属检出率依次为:汞95%、镉93%、镍83%、铬80%、铅64%、砷53%;除了镍无法判断,其余元素超标率分别为铅10%、镉5.6%、汞4.4%,砷、铬无超标;洋葱、西红柿、油麦菜等蔬菜重金属污染较突出。结论洛阳市市售蔬菜中重金属均有检出,铅污染较镉、汞严重,政府部门可以将鳞茎类、茄果类、叶菜类蔬菜列为重点品种加大监测力度。     

2015年大连市部分市售水果重金属含量检测与分析

通过对10种市售水果中6种重金属的检测和分析,发现大连市场主要市售水果中只有铅重金属超标(超标率23.30%),镉和总汞均未超标(GB 2762-2005《食品中污染物限量》中没有总铬、镍及总砷的限量标准)。其中镉重金属的检出率为83.33%,与其余重金属的检出率比较,存在显著性差异。实验结果表明大连市市售水果中铅和镉重金属元素存在潜在的富集性危害。     

2014年绍兴地区食品中重金属监测结果分析

目的了解绍兴地区食品中重金属的污染水平,为绍兴地区食品中重金属污染的监管和环境污染治理提供依据。方法采用国家标准检测方法,于2014年对绍兴地区部分食品中铅、镉、总汞、总砷、镍、铬和铜的含量进行检测,按GB 2762─2012《食品中污染物限量》评价检测结果。结果共检测10类1384份食品中铅、镉、总汞和总砷,超标率分别为2.0%、3.0%、1.5%和0.22%,中位值分别为0.019、0.0085、0.0024和0.015 mg/kg;共检测8类273份样品中镍,检出率为48.4%,中位值为0.010 mg/kg;共检测7类255份样品中铬,检出率为14.9%,中位值为0.0050mg/kg;共检测9类486份样品中铜,检出率为94.0%,中位值为1.34 mg/kg。水产品、动物内脏和粮食的重金属超标率相对较高,分别为16.9%、7.9%和7.3%,梭子蟹中镉超标严重,超标率为38.9%。结论 2014年绍兴地区食品中重金属整体污染水平不高,但部分食品(水产品、动物内脏和粮食等)污染相对较突出,存在铅、镉、总汞和总砷超标问题。     

当心身边的重金属污染

密度在5以上的金属统称为重金属,如金、银、铜、铅、锌、镍、钴、镉、铬和汞等。从环境污染方面所说的重金属,实际上主要是指汞、镉、铅、铬以及类金属砷等生物毒性显著的重金属,也指具有一定毒性的一般重金属如锌、铜、钴、镍、锡等。目前最引起人们注意的是汞、镉、铬等。重金属随废水排出时,即使浓度很小,也可能     

当重金属入侵你的身体

密度在5以上的金属统称为重金属,如金、银、铜、铅、锌、镍、钴、镉、铬和汞等45种。从环境污染方面所说的重金属,实际上主要是指汞、镉、铅、铬以及类金属砷等生物毒性显著的类别,也指具有一定毒性的一般重金属,如锌、铜、钴、镍、锡等。目前最引起人们关注的是汞、镉、铅等。重金属污染的特征表现有以下几方面：     

重金属孩子无法承受之“重”

近年来,一些国际知名品牌婴儿食品被曝出含砷、铅、镉等有毒重金属后,引发了人们对重金属中毒的关注。 密度在5以上的金属统称为重金属,如金、银、铜、铅、锌、镍、钴、镉、铬和汞等45种。其中铁、锌等重金属是生命活动所需的微量元素,但所有重金属超过一定浓度都会造成人体中毒。对人体毒害最大的有5种：铅、汞、铬、砷、镉。     

入境船舶压舱水中重金属元素监测初报

〔目的〕了解入境船舶载自境外的压舱水中重金属元素污染情况。〔方法〕无菌采集入境船舶载自境外的压舱水样本,送实验室进行包括镉、铬、铅、汞、砷、铜、镍、锌等重金属元素检测。〔结果〕从河北三个港口入境船舶36艘次采集样本36份,进行重金属检测。其中检出铅1艘次,船舶压舱水阳性率为2.78%(1/36);检出锌36艘次,船舶压舱水阳性率为100.00%(36/36);检出镍16艘次,船舶压舱水阳性率为44.44%(16/36);检测铜8艘次,7艘次为阳性,船舶压舱水阳性率为87.50%(7/8)。铬、镉、汞、砷未检出。〔结论〕入境船舶载自境外的压舱水重金属污染非常严重,应引起相关部门的高度重视。     

珠海市蔬菜重金属污染的调查研究

目的：了解珠海市本地产蔬菜中重金属污染情况。方法：对本地产各类蔬菜120份样品进行砷、镉、铬、铜、镍、铅、锌、汞元素含量检测，采用国家卫生标准限值评价蔬菜重金属污染状况。结果：结果为蔬菜中镉、铬、镍、铅、汞元素有超标情况，其中镉元素超标率最高；对不同种类蔬菜重金属含量统计，叶菜类蔬菜重金属超标率最高，茄果类、豆类次之，根茎类蔬菜中重金属含量较低，根茎类蔬菜所有指标均达到相应的卫生标准。结论：珠海市本地产蔬菜重金属污染比较严重，特别是镉元素的污染，可能存在重金属本底值高的问题，亦预示不容忽视工业废水、废气、废渣中的重金属对菜田的污染。     

重金属 孩子无法承受之“重”

近年来,一些国际知名品牌婴儿食品被曝出含砷、铅、镉等有毒重金属后,引发了人们对重金属中毒的关注。密度在5以上的金属统称为重金属,如金、银、铜、铅、锌、镍、钴、镉、铬和汞等45种。其中铁、锌等重金属是生命活动所需的微量元素,但所有重金属超过一定浓度都会造成人体中毒。对人体毒害最大的有5种:铅、汞、铬、砷、镉。儿童的重金属中毒和郝医生在职业病领域见到的情况是明显不同的。     

2020-2022年济南市历城区食品重金属含量分析

目的 分析2020-2022年济南市历城区食品中的重金属含量,了解济南市历城区食品重金属污染状况,为食品安全风险评估和采取针对性控制措施提供科学依据。方法 按照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》的具体要求并结合食品种类及分布特征,从2020-2022年济南市历城区的各大超市、农贸市场、乡镇集市、零售商店采集9类食品共计180份,包括蔬菜(叶类和根茎类)、水果、粮食、面制品、膨化食品、茶叶、干制菌类产品、干制水产品、水产品,进行铅、镉、铝、总砷、总汞、镍、铬、锰共8种重金属元素的检测,并对检测结果进行分析。结果 8种重金属元素的检出率在16%～100%,其中165份食品检测了铝元素,检出129份,检出率为78.2%;180份食品检测了镉元素,检出114份,检出率为63.3%;铝、镉元素的检出率高于其他重金属元素(χ²=12.86,P=0.005)。加工类水产品和干制菌类产品铅、镉、铝、总砷、总汞元素的检出率高于其他类食品(χ²=31.39,P=0.003)。干制菌类产品镉超标2份(6.66%);油条和海蜇中的铝元素各有2份样品超标,超标...     

Evaluation of heavy metals in fish of the Sepetiba and Ilha Grande Bays,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

Muscles, gonads, and liver tissues of fish caught in Sepetiba and Ilha Grande Bay were analyzed to assess levels of heavy metal concentrations of Cd, Fe, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cr. Levels of Cr surpassed the maximum permissible concentration in muscle, followed by Zn in some species. Pb, Cu, and Cd presented concentrations above maximum permissible levels in gonads and liver only. Fe presented concentrations in viscera comparable to those of highly polluted areas, although there are no standards available for this metal. Ni was the only metal that did not present contamination in the fish tissues examined. Overall, fish caught in Sepetiba Bay showed higher metal concentrations than those from Ilha Grande Bay, but the latter also presented high metal concentrations in several samples.     

Anthropogenic Sources of Heavy Metals in the Indian Ocean Coast of Kenya

Water and surface sediment samples from Rivers Sabaki, Ramisi and Vevesi that flow into the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya were analysed for heavy metals. The sediment concentrations of exchangeable cations (in μg/g) for Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn ranged from 0.10 to 506.75 (for Mn at Sabaki), constituting between 2% and 20% of the total metal concentrations obtained by digestion with strong acid. Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were more leachable with 0.1 N HCl. The total dissolved metal in water and the total sediment concentrations for Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn are given in the text. For dissolved metals, the metal/Mn ratios indicated higher concentrations of Ag in Sabaki River, Cd in Ramisi, Ni in Sabaki and Pb in Ramisi, respectively. In sediments, the metal/Mn ratios showed higher enrichment of Ag in Ramisi, Cd in Sabaki and Vevesi, and Zn in Sabaki, respectively. Enrichment factors showed elevated levels of Cd, Pb and Zn in sediment in River Sabaki and River Vevesi that were due to anthropogenic inputs through Athi River. The total dissolved metal concentration ranges for the three rivers were comparable with those ranges reported in rivers in South Africa but the sediment concentrations were below those of rivers in Europe and Asia where anthropogenic addition of some of the toxic elements such as Cu, Pb and Cd is evidently higher.     

Heavy-metal contamination and solid-phase fractionation in street dust

Fourteen street-dust samples were collected from Hamedan, western Iran. Street-dust samples received different amounts of heavy-metal pollution. The samples were analyzed for total cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), and binding forms of heavy metal were determined in five fractions. The results showed Cd was the only metal present appreciably, 25.21% and 25.92%, in the exchangeable and carbonates fractions, respectively, and Cu was the only metal predominantly associated, 31.77%, with organic fraction. Zn, 45.84%, was present mainly in the Fe–Mn oxide fraction, and the residual fraction was the most dominant solid phase pool of Ni and Pb, respectively, with 42.56% and 41.31%. The order of apparent mobility and potential metal bioavailability for these contaminated street-dust samples is Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni. The risk-assessment code results showed very high risk for Cd; medium risk for Cu, Pb, and Zn; and low risk for Ni.     

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Different Body Tissues of Atlantic Salmon,Salmo salar L., Exposed to a Model Mixture (Cu,Zn, Ni,Cr, Pb,Cd) and Singly to Nickel,Chromium, and Lead

One-year-old Atlantic salmon smolts were exposed for 2 weeks either to six priority heavy metal mixture or to Ni, Pb, and Cr singly at a concentration corresponding to Lithuanian inland water standards: Cu – 0.01, Zn – 0.1, Ni – 0.01, Cr – 0.01, Cd – 0.005 and Pb – 0.005 mg/L, respectively under semi-static conditions. The presence of metal mixture in the water only partly (by 50 %) affected the accumulation of single metals in body tissues (muscle, gills, liver and kidneys) probably due to the synergistic interactions among metals. Although metal concentrations increased in most cases, only Pb exceeded recommended level for human consumption (0.2 Pb mg/L) by 1.1-fold to 2.1-fold.     

Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi, India

Heavy metal contamination of soil resulting from wastewater irrigation is a cause of serious concern due to the potential health impacts of consuming contaminated produce. In this study an assessment is made of the impact of wastewater irrigation on heavy metal contamination of Beta vulgaris (palak); this is a highly nutritious leafy vegetable that is widely cultivated and consumed in urban India, particularly by the poor. A field study was conducted at three major sites that were irrigated by either treated or untreated wastewater in the suburban areas of Varanasi, India according to normal practice. Samples of irrigation water, soil, and the edible portion of the palak (Beta vulgaris L. var All green H1) were collected monthly during the summer and winter seasons and were analyzed for Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn, and Ni. Heavy metals in irrigation water were below the internationally recommended (WHO) maximum permissible limits set for agricultural use for all heavy metals except Cd at all the sites. Similarly, the mean heavy metal concentrations in soil were below the Indian standards for all heavy metals, but the maximum value of Cd recorded during January was higher than the standard. However, in the edible portion of B. vulgaris, the Cd concentration was higher than the permissible limits of the Indian standard during summer, whereas Pb and Ni concentrations were higher in both summer and winter seasons. Results of linear regression analysis computed to assess the relationship between individual heavy metal concentration in the vegetable samples and in soil showed that Zn in soil had a positive significant relationship with vegetable contamination during winter. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Mn in soil and plant showed significant positive relationships only during summer. Concentration of Cr and Pb during winter season and Zn and Ni during summer season showed significant negative relationships between soil and plant contamination. The study concludes that the use of treated and untreated wastewater for irrigation has increased the contamination of Cd, Pb, and Ni in edible portion of vegetables causing potential health risk in the long term from this practice. The study also points to the fact that adherence to standards for heavy metal contamination of soil and irrigation water does not ensure safe food.     

Acute Lethal Toxicity of Heavy Metals to the Seeds of Plants of High Importance to Humans

Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of highly toxic and dangerous metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) and essential microelements (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn) on the seed germination process in vetch and eight plant species of major importance to human consumption. The degree of metal toxicity was determined on the basis of acute LC50 values calculated by means of two different methods. All the metals were found to inhibit the germination process, but in a varying, species-dependent degree. Of all the plant seeds under study, the most sensitive to the presence of the examined metals during germination were the seeds of cress (Cu, Pb, Hg), rye (Ni, Zn, Cd) and barley (Cr), while vetch (Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg), rape (Cr, Cu) and pea (Ni, Cd) were found to be least affected.     

Monitoring Water Pollution Levels in Wadi Hanifa,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and its Public Health Implications

This study was performed to evaluate the levels of metals in the fish caught from Wadi Hanifa’s main basin over four seasons, determine the potential fitness of the fish for human consumption, and evaluate the overall water quality after enforcement of local standards. The physical and chemical parameters from a total of 192 water samples were tested using standard methods. Additionally, a total of 48 fish samples were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Mean values for basic water quality parameters of COD, PO₄ ^?3, NH₃ ^?-N, and NO₃ ^?-N exceeded Saudi standards in all seasons. Mean metal concentrations in water were consistently at their highest concentrations in samples collected during the summer, and the lowest in samples collected during the winter. Mean metal concentrations in fish muscle tissue exceeded Saudi standards for As and Cd, and United Nations FAO standards for Cr, Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn. Statistical analysis showed highly significant positive correlations between metal concentrations in water and metal concentrations in fish muscle for As–Fe, Pb–Cr, Pb–Ni, Cr–Cu, and Cu–Fe. This study highlights the urgent need for monitoring and controlling wastewater discharge in Wadi Hanifa to ensure public safety.     

Metals in Two Species of Fish in Karasu River

In this study, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) levels were determined in the tissues (muscle, liver and gills) of two fish species, Capoeta capoeta umbla and Chalcalburnus mosullensis, collected from three stations of the Karasu River. The lowest metal accumulation was detected in the muscle tissues. Moreover there was some variability in the metal concentrations measured in the same tissues from samples obtained from the three different stations. A positive correlation was observed for the concentration of metal pairs Fe–Cu, Fe–Zn, Ni–Pb, Pb–Zn. These findings were also compared with national and international food standards, and Pb and Cd concentrations were determined to be above the level set by the standards. In conclusion, it was supposed that excessive consumption of these two fish species, which already occurs in this region, might pose a public health risk.     

Pollution Characteristics,Sources, and Health Risk Assessments of Potentially Toxic Elements in Community Garden Soil of Lin’an,Zhejiang, China

The characteristics, sources and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in community garden soil of Lin’an District were evaluated. The 28 soil samples from community garden were collected for determination of 7 heavy metal elements. The Geostatistical analysis, Spearman correlation coefficient, Principal component analysis and PMF model have explored sources of heavy metal pollution. The health risk assessment model has assessed ecological risk of heavy metals. The results revealed that average concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were 16.0, 0.158, 76.1, 34.6, 45.8, 20.9 and 166 mg kg^-1, respectively. Whereas As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were higher than background values. The spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in the southwest of the study area was higher than northeast. The pollution sources of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the study area were due to agricultural activities (42.9%), Cr and Pb were from traffic sources (36.2%), and As was domestic pollution (20.9%) according to Spearman correlation coefficient, Principal component analysis and PMF model. The non-carcinogenic risks of As (5.39), Cr (3.53) and Ni (2.07) have a value of 1, which indicated significant risk. The potentially toxic elements have not exceeded maximum threshold of USEPA, with regard to carcinogenic risk, while As (3.37E?05) and Cr (5.74E?05) have exceeded the safety range. It is concluded that soils of community gardens are facing pollution problem due to potentially toxic elements which require environmental monitoring of the soil to reduce risk of human health.

     

十种化合物对大鼠游离肝细胞联合毒性的研究

采用细胞毒理学方法，以大鼠游离肝细胞半数中毒浓度（ＴＣ５０）为观察指标，对镉、硒、铜、砷、锑、汞、锌、铅、铬、镍１０种金属及类金属组成２９个配对进行了联合毒性的研究。结果表明，１０种金属及类金属化合物肝细胞毒性大小顺序是汞＞镉＞铅＞砷＞锑＞铜＞铬＞镍＞锌＞硒，与体内肝毒性顺序基本一致。汞、镉、铅三种金属之间有增毒作用，对其它金属的毒性亦有增强作用。锌可以拮抗镉、铅的毒性作用，硒可以保护汞、砷对细胞的毒性，其余金属配对呈毒性相加作用。铬和砷对镉的细胞毒性表现为拮抗作用，其机理需要进一步进行研究。