《金匮要略》服药法浅析

中医服药法是中医治疗学中的一个重要组成部分，在《金匮要略》书中仲景很讲究服药的方法。徐大椿在《医学源流论》中曰：“病之愈不愈，不但方必中病，方虽中病，而服之不得其法，则非特无力，而反有害，此不可不知也。”可见重视服药法亦是提高中医临床疗效的一个重要环...     

从《金匮要略》看中药服法

中医服药法是中医治疗学中的一个重要组成部分。远古自神农尝百草辨别了药物后 ,古人服药从咀嚼药草、取汁服用开始 ,随着汤液、丸、散等剂型的出现 ,服用方法也有了发展。在《金匮要略》中可见一斑 ,从书中可以看到仲景很讲究服药的方法。徐大椿在《医学源流论》中曰 :“病之愈不愈 ,不但方必中病 ,方虽中病 ,而服之不得其法 ,则非特无力 ,而反有害 ,此不可不知也。”可见重视中医服药法亦是提高中医临床疗效的一个重要环节。在《金匮要略》中服药方法包括以下几个方面。1　服药温度　仲景要求服用表散外邪的方药 ,要温服。如桂枝芍药知母…     

经方煎服法对临床治疗的重要指导意义

经方煎服法是指张仲景《伤寒杂病论》中所载方剂的炮制、煎煮方法、服药方法及服药后调养护理方法的总称。《医学源流论》曰：“煎药之法,最宜深讲,药之效与不效,全在乎此”;“病之愈与不愈,不但方必中病,方虽中病,而服之不得其法,则非殊无功,而反有害,此不可不知也”。《神农本草经》中就有：“病在胸膈以上者,先食后服药;病在心腹以下者,先服药而服食;病在四肢血脉者,宜空腹而在旦;病在骨髓者,宜饱而在夜”。     

浅谈中药的煎服法

煎药法与服药法是汤剂运用的一个重要环节，尽管药物的配伍与剂型的选择十分严密，若煎服法不当，则药亦无功。正如李时珍曰：“只服汤药，虽品特专精，修治如法，而煎药者卤莽造次，水火不良，火候失度，则药无功”。徐大椿亦说：“病之愈不愈，不但方必中病，方虽中病，而服之不得其法，则非特无功，而反有害，此不可不知也”。这说明     

重视中药服药时间是提高临床疗效的一个重要环节

中药汤剂临床疗效下降问题已引起人们普遍关注，造成中药汤剂临床疗效下降的因素颇多，比较复杂，然而忽略中药服药时间亦是影响疗效的一个重要因素。清代名医徐大椿在《医学源流论》中曾云“病之愈不愈，不但方必中病，方虽中病，而服之不得其法，则非特无力，而反有害，此不可不知也”。故重视中药服药时间是提高临床疗效的一个重要环节。现代科学研究证实，人体活动具有周期节律性，     

《医学衷中参西录》服药方法特色考究

《医学衷中参西录》为清朝末年名医张锡纯代表作,是其临证经验结晶。张氏不但组方用药独具特色,且服药方法亦很有创新。中药的煎服法对药物的吸收和功效的发挥有较大的影响,正如徐大椿所谓:"病之愈与不愈,不但方必中病,方虽中病,而服之不得其法,则非特     

煎服中药汤剂的禁忌

中医对中药汤剂的煎服方法历来都十分讲究。《医学源流论》记载:“病之愈不愈,不但方必中病,方虽中病,而服之不得其法,则非但无用,而反有害,此不可不知也。”兹将有关事宜简要介绍如下: ①发表祛寒类药物(附子、肉桂、干姜等)不能煎得太久,药汁宜温服,取液不可太少。服药后,要避风勿再感受外邪,同时要忌食生冷之物。 ②清热泻火、解毒、止血     

试述择时服药法之思路与方法

中医的择时服药方法,古来已有。(《伤寒论》中:“病人脏无他病,时发热自汗出而不愈者,此卫气不和也,先其时发汗则愈,宜桂枝汤。”这里指给药时间,应当在汗出休止时,效果才好。此与通常的不论何病、何药,一天皆分二次(早、晚)或三次(早、中、晚)的服药方法不同,是一种颇有发展前途的服药方法。而此法在当前中医药的研究及运用中还不多见,研究方法也较局限,更未形成系统的治疗学科。为此笔者提出以下几点探讨思路与方法,以求抛砖引玉,供深入研究时参考。针刺按时开穴法,值得借鉴。它是根据     

试论《温病条辨》的方剂服法特点

<正>方剂的服法包括服药时间和服用方法,这些均会对疗效产生一定的影响[1]。因此,历代医家对服药方法都十分重视。正如徐大椿所说"病之愈不愈,不但方必中病,方虽中病,而服之不得其法,则非特无功,而反有害,此不可不知也"[2]。吴鞠通在《温病条辨》中对多数方剂的服药方法都作了详细的记述,且不乏独特之处,现归纳其特点如下。1依病情定服法同一疾病,根据病情的轻重确定相应     

中西医结合治愈瑞尔黑变病二例

<正> 瑞尔黑变病是皮肤色素性疾病,中医谓“黧黑”“皮黯”,为肾阴不足,水亏火盛所致。笔者近年来临床遇到该病2例,采取滋水降火法,兼以活血化瘀之品,结合西医综合治疗而愈,现报告如下。     

Oplopanax elatus（Nakai） Nakai： chemistry,traditional use and pharmacology

Oplopanax elatus（Nakai） Nakai, a member of the ancient angiosperm plant family Araliaceae, is used for the treatment of different disorders in the medicine systems of China, Russia, and Korea, and was designated in Russia as a classical adaptogen. Despite extensive studies of classical adaptogens, there are comparatively few reports concerning the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of O. elatus in English. The plant is a potential source of saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenes, and other active compounds. Experimental studies and clinical applications have indicated that O. elatus possesses a number of pharmacological activities, including adaptogenic, anti-convulsant, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, blood pressure modulating, and reproductive function effects. In this review, the chemistry, safety, and therapeutic potential of O. elatus are summarized and highlighted to encourage the further development of this plant.     

Effect of Zhuyeshigao granule on tumor necrosis factor-a and inter- leukins serum protein levels in rats with radiation esophagitis

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of Zhuyesh- igao granule （ZSG） on tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleukin-1 （IL-1）, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 in rats with radiation esophagitis. METHODS： Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divid- ed into five groups （10 rats in each group）： con- trol （without radiation）, saline-treated, and low, medium, and high-dose ISG-treated groups. Rats were given normal saline （10 mL/kg） or 1.15, 2.3, or 4.6 g/kg ZSG by intragastric administration once a day for 7 days. A rat model of radiation esophagi- tis was established by local irradiation of Co60 （490.25 cGy/min, totaling 30 Gy）. The administra- tion of ZSG was continued for another 7 days and on the 7th day post-irradiation, inferior vena cavablood was collected. The serum was separated, and TNF-a, IL-1, IL-2, 11_-6, and IL-8 protein levels were determined. RESULTS： Inflammatory response factors were found in the serum of each group. However, levels in ZSG-treated groups were significantly lower than in the saline-treated group （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： ZSG may prevent the development of radiation esophagitis, perhaps by inhibiting the generation and release of the inflammatory re- sponse factors TNF-a, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8.     

Cytological and biochemical studies during the progression of alloxan-induced diabetes and possible protection of an aqueous leaf extract of Costus afer

Some plants have proven efficacy in the management of diabetes mellitus, of which Costus afer is one. This study was designed to evaluate the cytological and biochemical properties, and comparative ameliorating effects, of an aqueous extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl.（Costaceae） leaf and glibenclamide（GBM）, in liver, kidney, and pancreatic injury induced by alloxan. Thirty male albino rats were divided into six weight-matched groups. Group one served as the negative control（non-induced and non-treated, control）, while groups 2–6 were alloxan-induced diabetic groups. Group 2 served as a positive control（induced and non-treated, IC）, groups 3–5 were treated with different doses of the extract（375, 750, and 1 125 mg/kg body weight） and glibenclamide, respectively. Body weight, absolute and relative organ weights, food and fluid intake, levels of serum glucose and liver enzymes and kidney parameters were calculated and compared. Hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells of diabetic rats, in diabetic non-treated and treated rats were harvested and examined histopathologically. There was dose dependent amelioration on the injuries induced by alloxan on both hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells after treatment with Costus afer. The glucose level was reduced significantly in the Costus afer treated diabetic rats compared with the non-treated diabetic group. Costus afer leaves seem to be effective against diabetic cell injury induced in rat liver, kidney, and pancreas.     

中药膏方治疗疑难杂症验案4则

所谓膏方又称膏滋方,具有治病纠偏,滋补强身等多种作用。时下在江南一带时兴冬令以膏方进补,实际上是中药传统剂型的丸、散、膏、丹、汤、酒、露、锭八种剂型之一。由于服用方便、疗效显著,在一年四季均可服用,尤其是针对一些需长期服药的慢性病或疑难顽症,更适合以膏方来调治。现代家庭多具备冰箱冷藏的条件,这为膏剂的收藏提供了方便。因此,更可以提倡以膏方剂型来治疗诸多慢性疾病。笔者常不拘季节以膏方为主,根据辨证施治原则来治疗某些疑难病症,现撷取4则医案,以飨读者,不当之处,请多赐教为盼。     

Polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake and Lentinus edodes enhance 5-fluorouracil-mediated H22 cell growth inhibition

OBJECTIVE： Few studies have investigated the ef- fects produced by combinations of polysaccharides and chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment. We hypothesized that a combination of polysaccha- rides （COP） from Lentinus edodes and Tricholoma matsutake would improve the efficacy of 5-fluoro- uracil （5-FU）-mediated inhibition of H22 cell growth. METHODS： Mice were injected H22 cells and then treated with either 5-FU, polysaccharides from Tri- choloma matsutake （PTM）, polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes （PL）, PTM ＋ PL, 5-FU ＋ PTM, 5-FU ＋ PL, or 5-FU ＋ COR The tumor weight and volume, and splenic CD4 ＋ and CD8 ＋ T cell frequencies, were determined. Additionally, splenic natural killer （NK） cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte （CTL） activities were assessed and the serum levels of tumor necro- sis factor-a （TNF-a）, Interleukin-2 （IL-2）, and Interfer- on-y （IFN-y） were measured. RESULTS： Compared with mice from the control,5-FU, PL, PTM, PTM ＋ PL, 5-FU ＋ PL, and 5-FU ＋ PTM groups, mice treated with 5-FU ＋ COP showed： （a） significantly reduced tumor weight and volume （P〈 0.05）, （b） significantly higher serum levels of TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-y （P〈0.05）, （c） significantly increased CD4＋ and CD8＋ 1 cell frequencies in the spleen （P〈 0.05）, and （d） significantly increased splenic NK cell and CTL activities （P〈0.05）. The tumor weight and volume in mice treated with 5-FU＋PL or 5-FU＋PTM were significantly reduced compared with mice treated with 5-FU alone （P〈0.05）. Serum levels of TNF-α, 11.-2, and IFN-y, frequencies of CD4 ＋ and CD8＋ T cells in the spleen, and splenic NK and CTL activities were also significantly increased in mice treated with 5-FU＋PL or 5-FU＋PTM compared with mice treated with 5-FU alone （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： Polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes and Tricholoma matsutake could enhance the efficacy of 5-FU-mediated H22 cell growth inhi- bition.     

刘公望运用经方治疗放化疗不良反应验案2则

恶性肿瘤的致死率甚高,源自上皮组织者称为癌,源自间叶非上皮组织者称为肉瘤,二者均病情凶险,预后恶劣。目前肿瘤的治疗有外科手术治疗、放射治疗及化学治疗。在放化疗过程中往往发生毒副作用,导致患者的抵抗力下降,严重时可影响治疗的继续进行。刘公望教授巧用经方治疗放化疗后引起的毒副反应,收效良好。现举医案2则,以飨读者。     

叶景华运用滋肾通关丸治疗泌尿系统疾病经验

介绍叶景华运用滋肾通关丸治疗泌尿系统疾病的经验,并附验案5则。     

Clinical Application of Yongquan （KI 1）Acupointd

Yongquan （KI 1） is the Jing-Well point of Kidney Meridian of Foot Shaoyin. It can be used to treat many kinds of diseases, such as parietal headache, vertigo and blurred vision, hypopharynx swelling and pain, dry tongue, voice loss, epistaxis, apoplexy and apoplectic sequela, dysufia, ungratifying defecation, epilepsy, syncope, planter fever, palpitations, lower limbs spasm, hypertension, vomiting, infantile convulsion. The author applied Yongquan （KI 1） in clinical practice and obtained satisfactory therapeutic effects. Now five cases were introduced as follows.     

Antidepressant-like effect of essential oil of Perilla frutescens in a chronic,unpredictable, mild stress-induced depression model mice

Perilla frutescens（Perilla leaf）, a garnishing vegetable in East Asian countries, as well as a plant-based medicine, has been used for centuries to treat various conditions, including depression. Several studies have demonstrated that the essential oil of P. frutescens（EOPF） attenuated the depressive-like behavior in mice. The present study was designed to test the anti-depressant effects of EOPF and the possible mechanisms in an chronic, unpredictable, mild stress（CUMS）-induced mouse model. With the exposure to stressor once daily for five consecutive weeks, EOPF（3, 6, and 9 mg·kg-1） and a positive control drug fluoxetine（20 mg·kg-1） were administered through gastric intubation to mice once daily for three consecutive weeks from the 3rd week. Open-field test, sucrose consumption test, tail suspension test（TST）, and forced swimming test（FST） were used to evaluate the behavioral activity. The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid（5-HIAA）, in mouse hippocampus were determined by HPLC–ECD. Serum interleukin（IL）-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The results showed that CUMS significantly decreased the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the hippocampus, with an increase in plasma IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. CUMS also reduced open-field activity, sucrose consumption, as well as increased immobility duration in FST and TST. EOPF administration could effectively reverse the alterations in the concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA; reduce the IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. Moreover, EOPF could effectively reverse alterations in immobility duration, sucrose consumption, and open-field activity. However, the effect was not dose-dependent. In conclusion, EOPF administration exhibited significant antidepressant-like effects in mice with CUMS-induced depression. The antidepressant activity of EOPF might be related to the relation between alteration of seroto     

Characteristics of Mang Needle Therapy and Its Clinical Application

Mang needle （elongated needle, 芒针） is evolved from the long needle, one kind of nine needles in the ancient times, and is primarily characterized by its long needle-body and its arrival at the deep tissues of the body. However, because of the particularity of the physiology and anatomy of some diseases, direct deep puncturing can＇t reach the due tissues, thus the treatment results are affected. Based upon the deep puncturing of Mang needle and the physiology and anatomy of the human body, professor YANG Zhao-gang, a well-known acupuncturist, has made many improvements and innovations, in his long-term clinical practice, in the manipulations and indications of Mang needle, consequently to establish a series of unique puncturing techniques of Mang needle, which work excellently on some difficult and complicated diseases. This Mang needle therapy is introduced as follows.