女性帕金森病患者血尿酸水平与认知功能的关系

目的:探讨女性帕金森病(PD)患者血尿酸水平的变化及其与认知功能的关系。方法:对53例女性PD患者和53例健康女性(正常对照组)进行血尿酸水平检测,采用蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表对女性PD患者进行评分。结果:女性PD患者组血尿酸水平显著低于健康对照组(P<0.01),女性PD患者H-Y分级Ⅰ^Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ⅣⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ^Ⅴ三组之间的血尿酸水平均无统计学差异(P>0.05),女性PD伴认知功能障碍患者的血尿酸水平显著低于女性PD无认知功能障碍患者(P<0.01)。结论:女性PD患者认知功能与血尿酸水平密切相关,血尿酸水平越低,认知功能障碍发生的风险越高。     

同型半胱氨酸与帕金森病认知损害的相关性研究

目的:探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与帕金森病(PD)及帕金森病认知损害的相关性。方法:对75例PD患者进行一般情况记录,行UPDRSⅢ运动状态评分及H-Y分期评定,并设25例健康对照组,对两组对象均行MoCA认知功能测评,血浆Hcy、叶酸、维生素B12检测,分析与PD和PD认知损害的相关性。结果:PD组和健康对照组相比,存在Hcy水平高,叶酸水平低,认知功能评分低,差异具有统计学意义;PD患者认知损害的发生率为41.33%(31/75),PD认知功能损害组(A组)较PD无认知功能损害组(B组),年龄大,受教育年限短,UPDRSⅢ运动状态评分高,H-Y分期重,差异具有统计学意义。经相关性分析,起病年龄、维生素B12水平与MoCA评分不相关,相关系数分别为0.225(P>0.05),0.274(P>0.05);受教育年限、叶酸水平与MoCA评分呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.557(P<0.05),0.742(P<0.01);年龄、UPDRSⅢ、H-Y分期、血浆Hcy水平与MoCA评分呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.467(P<0.05),-0.795(P<0.01),-0.582(P<0.01),-0.614(P<0.05)。结论:年龄大、PD运动症状重、H-Y分期重及Hcy水平高,叶酸水平低,是PD认知损害的危险因素,受教育程度高是PD认知损害的保护因素,其中Hcy水平高,叶酸水平低是可干预的危险因素。     

帕金森病人血清胱抑素C水平、尿酸变化与病情分期、认知障碍、运动功能的相关性研究

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)病人血清胱抑素C(CysC)、尿酸(UA)水平变化与病情分期、认知障碍、运动功能的相关性。方法纳入PD病人90例作为PD组,选取同期健康体检者82名作为健康组。比较2组血清CysC与UA水平,根据帕金森Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分期将PD病人分成H-Y≥3期组(n=36)、H-Y < 3期组(n=54)。根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)将PD病人分成认知障碍组(n=49,MoCA < 26分)、非认知障碍组(n=41,MoCA≥26分)。根据统一帕金森病评估量表第三部分(UPDRS-Ⅲ)评估PD病人运动障碍程度,并分成轻度组(n=26,0~15分)、中度组(n=41,16~40分)、重度组(n=23,41~56分)。比较不同病情分期、认知障碍、运动功能病人的血清CysC与UA水平,经Pearson线性相关分析血清CysC、UA水平与H-Y分期、MoCA评分、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分的相关性。结果PD组血清CysC高于健康组,但血清UA水平低于健康组(P < 0.01)。H-Y≥3期组血清CysC、H-Y分期较H-Y < 3期组增高,血清UA较H-Y < 3期组降低(P < 0.01)。认知障碍组血清CysC较非认知障碍组增高,血清UA、MoCA评分较非认知障碍组降低(P < 0.01)。重度组血清CysC及UPDRS-Ⅲ评分较中、轻度组增高,且中度组高于轻度组,但重度组血清UA较中、轻度组降低,且中度组低于轻度组(P < 0.01)。Pearson线性相关分析结果显示,PD病人血清CysC与H-Y分期、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分呈正相关,与MoCA评分呈负相关(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),而血清UA与H-Y分期、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分呈负相关,与MoCA评分呈正相关(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。结论PD病人血清CysC水平增高,而血清UA降低,且二者均与病人的病情分期、认知障碍、运动功能存在相关性,临床可将血清CysC、UA作为评估PD进展的指标。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与帕金森病认知功能障碍的关系?

目的：探讨帕金森病(Parkinson′s disease,PD)患者血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,HCY)水平与临床分期、认知功能障碍的关系。方法收集 PD 组及健康对照组患者各55例,两组均测定空腹静脉血 HCY 值;PD 组按 Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分期标准进行分期,蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)测定认知功能,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果PD 组患者血清 HCY 水平为(13.23±4.61)μmol/L,明显高于对照组(P <0.05),属高 HCY 血症;PD 组患者不同 H-Y 分期之间的血清 HCY 水平比较无等级相关性(rs =0.064, P >0.05);PD 组患者中认知障碍组与无认知障碍组及健康对照组间的血清 HCY 水平比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);PD 组患者中认知功能障碍组和无认知功能障碍组 MoCA 分值比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论血清高 HCY 是 PD 独立危险因素之一,但不能用来评定疾病严重程度,MoCA 可较好地判定 PD 认知功能障碍。     

帕金森病患者血清尿酸水平与临床症状的相关性研究

目的研究帕金森病(PD)运动症状、非运动症状与血清尿酸水平的关系。方法选择PD患者70例,非PD患者45例为对照组,比较两组尿酸值;并对PD组进行非运动症状问卷、统一帕金森病评定量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表及简单精神状态检查量表评估其临床症状,分析PD组患者临床症状与血尿酸的关系。结果 PD组较对照组血尿酸水平明显降低;PD患者血尿酸与H-Y分期,运动症状及非运动症状发生数无明显相关性;但在非运动症状中,抑郁、焦虑及认知功能障碍与血尿酸水平呈显著相关性。结论低尿酸血症可能是PD的危险因素,尿酸与PD非运动症状中抑郁、焦虑、认知功能障碍的发生密切相关,也间接证实了尿酸在PD中的神经保护性作用。     

帕金森病患者的血尿酸水平分析

目的分析帕金森病患者的血尿酸水平,并探讨血尿酸水平与帕金森病临床分期、认知功能损害的关系。方法收集2007~2008年吉林大学第二医院门诊及住院明确诊断为帕金森病的患者共43例,设为帕金森病病例组,登记病史及进行详细查体,测定UPDRS Ⅲ量表,进行Hoehn-Yahr分期及MMSE量表测定;同时收集同期健康体检中心与帕金森病组年龄、性别、教育程度等相匹配的健康体检者作为对照组(43例)。两组均测定空腹静脉血尿酸值,对结果进行相应的统计学分析。结果帕金森病组血尿酸水平明显低于健康体检人群组(P<0.01);帕金森病患者Hoehn-Yahr分期各期之间的血尿酸水平相比较分析无等级相关性(rs=0.137,P>0.05);各期帕金森病患者的血尿酸水平均低于正常健康对照组(P<0.05);帕金森病组与健康对照组MMSE分值相比较差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论帕金森病患者血尿酸水平降低很可能为帕金森病的危险因素之一,但不可以用来评定疾病严重程度,血尿酸水平可作为帕金森病早期生物学标记之一。MMSE对于判定帕金森病认知功能损害不够敏感。     

血清淀粉样蛋白A水平变化与帕金森病患者认知功能障碍的关系

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)与患者认知功能障碍的关系。方法选取2015年6月-2017年3月第三军医大学第二附属医院神经内科确诊的帕金森病患者110例(PD组)作为研究对象,同期健康体检者60例作为健康对照组。PD组根据H-Y分期分为早期亚组32例,中期亚组47例,晚期亚组31例。检测2组研究对象的血清SAA水平,并采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Mo CA)、简易智力状态量表(MMSE)测量PD组患者的认知功能,分析SAA与PD组患者认知功能障碍的关系。结果 PD组患者的血清SAA水平高于健康对照组(t=14.583,P<0.01);Mo CA评分、MMSE评分低于健康对照组(t=11.898、11.572,P<0.05);早期亚组、中期亚组及晚期亚组PD患者的血清SAA水平、Mo CA评分、MMSE评分比较差异具有统计学意义(F=61.094、38.297、40.026,P<0.01)。早期亚组、中期亚组PD亚组患者的Mo CA评分、MMSE评分高于晚期亚组(t=9.084、12.085、11.628、14.482,P<0.05);PD组患者的血清SAA水平与Mo CA评分、MMSE评分均呈负相关关系(r=-0.701、-0.752,P=0.018、0.012)。结论帕金森病患者血清SAA水平升高显著,并且与患者的病情进展、认知功能障碍具有一定的关系。     

IL-17、胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸在帕金森病患者中的表达及意义

目的：探讨白细胞介素17(IL-17)、胱抑素C (Cys C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)在帕金森病患者中的表达及意义。方法选择2010年1月至2013年12月期间68例帕金森病(PD)患者为观察组。选择健康人群42例为对照组。将68例PD患者按病情进展分为早期20例(H-Y分期<2);中期22例(2≤H-Y分期<3)和晚期26例(H-Y分期≥3)。将68例PD患者分为认知功能障碍组32例(A组)和无认知功能障碍组36例(B组)。统计两组受试者血清IL-17、Cys C、Hcy含量,对血清IL-17、Cys C、Hcy与年龄、患病年限、H&Y评分、BMI进行相关性分析。结果 A组、B组血清Cys C、IL-17、Hcy水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),且A组血清Cys C、IL-17、Hcy水平高于B组(P<0.01);晚期组血清Cys C、IL-17、Hcy水平最高(P<0.01),中期组血清Cys C、IL-17、Hcy水平均高于早期组(P<0.01);观察组患者血清IL-17、Cys C、Hcy水平与患病年限呈正相关(P<0.05),与H-Y分期呈正相关(P<0.05);血清IL-17、Cys C、Hcy水平之间均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 IL-17、Cys C、Hcy与PD的发病及进展密切相关,可反应病情的严重程度,在PD的进展中起一定作用。     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族帕金森病患者认知障碍及发病形式研究

目的:探讨新疆维吾尔族、汉族帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)患者合并认知障碍的影响因素、发病形式的差异。方法:采用统一的PD调查表对新疆地区293例PD患者、264例自然对照者进行评定,以对PD患者认知障碍的可能影响因素、发病形式差异进行分析。结果:(1)PD组中,认知障碍可能与受教育年限、病程、统一帕金森病评定量表(unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale,UDPRS)第Ⅲ部分(UPDRS-Ⅲ)相关(均>0.05)。进一步按民族分层:1在汉族PD组中,认知障碍可能与发病年龄(age at onset,AAO)、受教育年限、病程、UPDRS-Ⅲ相关(均>0.05)。2在维吾尔族PD组中,认知障碍与可能AAO、受教育年限、病程、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)病情分级、UPDRS-Ⅲ相关(均>0.05)。(2)以单纯运动迟缓为首发症状汉族多于维吾尔族(<0.05);首发部位以双下肢首发汉族多于维吾尔族(<0.05)。结论:新疆维吾尔族、汉族PD患者认知障碍的影响因素、发病形式可能有所不同。     

帕金森病患者不同脑区白质疏松与认知功能损害的相关性研究

目的 探讨帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)患者不同脑区白质疏松(leukoaraiosis,LA)对认知功能的影响。 方法 收集2015年1月—2017年1月于温州医科大学附属第一医院神经内科住院的PD患者87例,采用MMSE和MoCA量表评估认知功能。运用UPDRS-Ⅲ评价PD患者运动功能,Hoehn-Yahr分期进行病情分级。根据认知评分和诊断标准,将PD患者分为3组:认知功能正常组(PD-NC)、轻度认知功能障碍组(PD-MCI)和痴呆组(PD-D),入组者均行头颅MRI (3.0 T)检查,运用Scheltens量表对侧脑室旁、深部白质评分。 结果 3组间不同部位白质疏松比较,额叶、深部白质、侧脑室旁、LA总分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。顶叶、枕叶、颞叶、基底节、幕下白质疏松评分差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),PD-MCI组与PD-NC组相比较,额叶LA评分差异有统计学意义。侧脑室旁LA评分PD-D组与其余两组相比较,差异有统计学意义。回归分析结果显示,MMSE与教育程度(P<0.001)、H-Y分期(P=0.008)、深部白质(P<0.001)显著相关,教育程度呈正相关,H-Y分期和深部白质呈负相关。MMSE与深部白质关系最显著(β=-1.034)。 结论 PD认知功能与LA具有相关性,尤其是额叶、深部白质,PD患者MMSE与深部白质关系最为显著。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.