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1.
Babatunde O. Bamgbose Muhammad A. Suwaid Mohammad Abubakar Kaura Irfan Sugianto Miki Hisatomi Junichi Asaumi 《Oral Radiology》2018,34(2):105-112
Background
Oral and maxillofacial radiology became the ninth dental specialty recognized by the American Dental Association (ADA) in 1999. This came about following the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895 and, 14 days later, the application of X-rays to making dental radiographs by Otto Walkhoff. The purpose of this narrative study was to review the evolution of oral and maxillofacial radiology as a dental specialty in the USA and its recognition as a program of training by the West African College of Surgeons.Methods
This study was conceptualized as a narrative review of the literature focusing on the history and development of oral and maxillofacial radiology in the USA. It builds a synthesis that describes the recognition of oral and maxillofacial radiology as a specialty of dentistry in West Africa, UK, Japan, and Australia.Results
The main finding was that oral and maxillofacial radiology became the ninth specialty recognized by the American Dental Association, ADA, in October 13, 1999. On March 20, 2014, the West African College of Surgeons recognized this specialty and granted accreditation for postgraduate training. In the UK, Japan, and Australia, the postgraduate education in oral and maxillofacial radiology has two patterns, namely professional training and academic training.Conclusions
The primary goal of the postgraduate training curriculum is to train radiologists who are competent to deliver care to patients in any clinical setting, including a dental school, hospital radiology practice, or private practice.2.
Mechanical and microstructural properties of fixation systems used in oral and maxillofacial surgery
Objectives
This paper aims to evaluate in vitro the mechanical and microstructural properties of internal fixation systems used in oral and maxillofacial surgeries.Materials and methods
Four brands of internal fixation systems (screws and 4-hole straight plates) were selected and assigned to four groups: G1 Leibinger®, G2 Tóride®, G3 Engimplan®, and G4 Medartis®. The systems were submitted to Vickers hardness testing, metallographic and interstitial elements chemical composition analyses. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test for statistical analysis.Results
Plates in groups 1, 2, and 3 showed similar microstructure and mechanical properties, different from those in G4 revealing larger grains. In all groups, the screws showed similar microstructure, with uniform arrangement and size of grains; the screws showed higher hardness values than those observed for the plates.Conclusions
The results indicate that all materials tested are adequate for use in oral maxillofacial surgeries.3.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in oral and maxillofacial lesions, especially the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for differential diagnosis of these lesions.Methods
Fifty-seven patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial lesions were included in this prospective study. DWI was performed on a 1.5 T unit with b-factors of 0 and 800 s/mm2, and ADC maps were generated. ADC values were measured for all 57 oral and maxillofacial lesions (19 squamous cell carcinoma, 10 medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, 6 odontogenic abscess, 4 ranula, 4 osteoradionecrosis, 4 hemangioma, 3 pleomorphic adenoma, 3 odontogenic keratocyst, 2 nasopalatine duct cyst, 1 malignant melanoma, and 1 basal cell carcinoma).Results
The mean ADC values for ranula (2.69 ± 0.59 × 10?3 mm2/s) and nasopalatine duct cyst (2.34 ± 0.12 × 10?3 mm2/s) were significantly higher than those for the other oral and maxillofacial lesions (p = 0.000). In contrast, the mean ADC value for odontogenic abscess (0.67 ± 0.36 × 10?3 mm2/s) was significantly lower than those for the other oral and maxillofacial lesions (p = 0.000).Conclusions
The present study suggests the usefulness of DWI in oral and maxillofacial lesions, especially the utility of ADC maps for differential diagnosis of these lesions.4.
Patient reported outcomes (PRO) have an established role when reporting treatment outcomes. This data is usually collected using patient self-completed questionnaires. There are numerous questionnaires available and selecting the most appropriate one can be difficult.
Aim
The aim of this article was to carry out a systematic review of the literature to identify publications using patient self-completed questionnaires suitable for oral and maxillofacial surgery. The questionnaires were collated and grouped according to sub-speciality interests.Method
The ISI search engine with cross-reference using Pub Med and Ovid was searched for publications between 1981 and March 2009. Abstracts written in English were reviewed by two of the authors independently.Results
A total of 511 abstracts were reviewed and the paper cites 56 studies with self-administered instruments. The number of subsite specific questionnaires identified were; cleft lip and palate (1), craniofacial surgery (2), dentoalveolar surgery (6), distraction osteogenesis (1), facial aesthetic surgery (4), facial pain (1), head and neck cancer (14), maxillofacial injury (3), oral medicine and oral mucosal disorders (2), orthognathic surgery (1), pre-prosthetic surgery and dental implants (15), skull base surgery (7), temporomandibular joint (2).Conclusion
There is a tremendous variety of validated questionnaires available that are suitable for oral and maxillofacial surgery. This summary serves as a useful reference point when selecting a questionnaire for an audit or research projects. It also describes publications, which have used the various questionnaires, thus readily identifying papers that might be useful for comparison. 相似文献5.
Marco Rainer Kesting Klaus-Dietrich Wolff Christopher Philipp Nobis Nils Hagen Rohleder 《Oral and maxillofacial surgery》2014,18(2):153-164
Purpose
Following its renaissance in ophthalmology during the 1990s, preserved human amniotic membrane (HAM) has become an attractive biomaterial for all surgical disciplines. This article reviews the current and potential use of HAM in oral and maxillofacial surgery, its postulated properties and common preservation techniques.Methods
Literature was identified by an electronic search of PubMed in July 2012; this was supplemented from the reference lists of the consulted papers.Results
HAM has been used in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery from 1969 onwards because of its immunological preference and its pain-reducing, antimicrobial, mechanical and side-dependent adhesive or anti-adhesive properties. The effects of HAM on dermal and mucosal re-epithelialisation have been highlighted. Typically, HAM is applied after being banked in a glycerol-preserved, DMSO-preserved or freeze-dried and irradiated state. Whereas the use of HAM in flap surgery and in intra-oral and extra-oral lining is reported frequently, novel HAM applications in post-traumatic orbital surgery and temporomandibular joint surgery have been added since 2010. Tissue engineering with HAM is a fast-expanding field with a high variety of future options.Conclusions
Preserved HAM is considered to be a safe and sufficient biomaterial in all fields of oral and maxillofacial wound healing. Recently published novel indications for HAM application lack a high level of evidence and need to be studied further. 相似文献6.
Background
Injuries sustained to the maxillofacial region can result in significant physical trauma and long lasting psychosocial impairment. Maxillofacial trauma has been reported in literature to be a potentially recurrent disease. Patients who suffer maxillofacial trauma can benefit from psychological support.Aim
This study aims to identify maxillofacial trauma patient characteristics, investigate maxillofacial re-injury rate after provision of psychological support and report incidence of post traumatic stress disorder symptoms after maxillofacial trauma.Method
A total of 100 patients were identified from the departmental trauma database over two time periods at Royal Darwin Hospital; 50 patients did not have psychosocial intervention and 50 patients received intervention. Data on demographics, trauma pattern and aetiology were collected. A brief counselling session was conducted on second patient group by a trained mental health nurse and a survey using Trauma Screening Questionnaire was completed one month following injury.Results
The most common cause of injuries was assault in both groups followed by falls and the most common site of injuries was in the mandible in both groups. Almost half of all patients were in the15–24 and 25–34 age groups. 17 % of patients in pre-intervention period and 4 % of patients in intervention period had injury recurrence at 3 year follow up. Patient groups at risk of developing post traumatic symptoms included male, non-indigenous population, employed group with no alcohol involvement.Conclusion
Maxillofacial trauma can cause considerable psychological morbidity and expose the patient to high risk of post traumatic disorder symptoms. This type of injury was found to affect particular groups of population and is associated with high rate of recurrence. Psychological support should be provided to these patients as a routine part of trauma aftercare.7.
Akira Taguchi Hironori Akiyama Takakazu Koseki Kimishige Shimizutani 《Oral Radiology》2013,29(2):98-104
Objectives
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is becoming common in Japan. Oral and maxillofacial radiologists must diagnose BRONJ in general practice. However, little information on how to recognise BRONJ is available. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to confirm the recognition of BRONJ among Japanese oral and maxillofacial radiologists.Methods
A questionnaire including 14 main queries and relevant branch queries was created and sent to 29 Japanese institutions employing oral and maxillofacial radiologists.Results
A large number of patients (705) with BRONJ during the last 3 years were reported by 23 institutions (25 responders) that participated in our survey. The rate of osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with intravenous bisphosphonates was almost identical to that associated with oral bisphosphonates. This finding was inconsistent with worldwide data. About half of the responders felt that the diagnosis of BRONJ based on imaging was difficult. No specific modality was selected for identifying the early signs of BRONJ, although 19 responders selected multi-detector computed tomography followed by magnetic resonance imaging as the best modality for determining the extent of BRONJ. Almost all responders felt that the detection of early signs and determination of lesion extent on imaging were important roles of oral and maxillofacial radiologists.Conclusions
Oral and maxillofacial radiologists recognised their roles in BRONJ diagnosis; however, insufficient evidence regarding the accomplishment of these roles is available. Japanese oral and maxillofacial radiologists must accumulate a large number of BRONJ images, analyse them in cooperation with one another and share the information obtained from their analysis. 相似文献8.
Yiqun Wu Wei Huang Zhiyong Zhang Zhiyuan Zhang Duohong Zou 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(9):2457-2465
Objectives
The reconstruction of oral function in irradiated patients with craniofacial tumors is a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to detect long-term success of dental implant-supported dentures in postirradiated patients treated for neoplasms of the maxillofacial skeleton.Materials and methods
From 2004 to 2011, 36 irradiated patients underwent oral function reconstruction using implant-supported prostheses. Bone augmentation was completed using vascularized bone grafts in 22 patients. Fourteen patients were treated by hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO). A total of 198 dental implants were used in jaw rehabilitation. After loading, implant success rates, biological and prosthetic complications, patient satisfaction, and psychological changes were recorded.Results
Bone augmentation of the jaw was successful and vascularized grafts provided an additional vascular supply in compromised irradiated tissue. Rehabilitation was successful in all of the patients after loading. Thirty-eight dental implants failed, and 35 implants were removed. The success rate of the implants was 93.6 % for 10 years after loading. It was not a significant difference in implant success rate between the HBO group and the other groups. The prosthodontic maintenance results and complication rates showed that patients required intervention 0.19 times per year. All patients were satisfied with the oral restoration results.Conclusion
The restoration of oral function in radiotherapy patients with tumor resection using implant-supported prostheses is a viable treatment option.Clinical relevance
Either alone or in combination with HBO, dental implant-supported prostheses can be used an effective therapeutic approach for irradiated patients with oral function reconstruction.9.
Introduction
Every general dental practitioner and oral and maxillofacial surgeon needs a thorough knowledge of the diagnosis and management of medical emergencies. Cardiopulmonary arrest is the most urgent of emergencies and diagnosis must be done as soon as possible.Purpose
This paper discusses the importance of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation which forms the guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), highlighting the important changes in the guidelines of CPR from the year 2000 to 2010, the basic sequence of performing CPR and also the role of defibrillation and the use of automated external defibrillators. Finally the five part chain of survival which is of utmost importance to dental health care professionals and oral and maxillofacial surgeons.Conclusion
All dental health care personnel and oral & maxillofacial surgeons should recognize the importance of the changes in the guidelines of CPR, be trained and allowed to use a properly maintained defibrillator, to respond to cardiac arrest victims. 相似文献10.
Dirk Hermes Bassam Saka Ludger Bahlmann Michael Matthes 《Oral and maxillofacial surgery》2006,10(5):307-313
Background
Oral and maxillofacial operations are stressful treatment situations for patients. Specific data on this phenomenon were acquired through a multicenter study.Material and methods
A 10-page questionnaire was answered by 600 oral and maxillofacial patients before individual treatment. Control groups consisted of 800 surgical, dental, internal medicine and general practitioner patients. 26 practices and hospital departments in 11 German cities were involved in the study.Results
Both subjective anxiety assessment by patients and objective measurement (State Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI) indicated a high level of treatment anxiety for oral and maxillofacial treatment. STAI scores for OMFS patients were significantly higher than in control groups. Especially female patients, patients treated under local anaesthesia and out-department patients showed high anxiety scores. Treatment experience in oral and maxillofacial surgery does not modify anxiety in case of recurrent treatment.Conclusion
Managing perioperative anxiety today is still a major challenge in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Irrespective of technical and pharmacological advances further studies on this topic and the development and establishing of stress-reducing and anxiolytic perioperative techniques are of considerable importance. 相似文献11.
Navin Shah Nameeta Patel Amit Mahajan Rishabh Shah 《Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery》2015,14(1):51-56
Background and Aim
Aim of this study was to survey the knowledge, attitude and awareness of the subject of oral and maxillofacial surgery speciality amongst the consultants and practitioners of medicine in district of Vadodara.Materials and Methods
List of members of various specialities in medical faculty were obtained from Indian Medical Association, Baroda branch and staff members of medical colleges of Vadodara district. A questionnaire survey was made which was distributed and their options were noted.Results
Surgical removal of third molar, oral submucous fibrosis and implants were the problems where oral surgeons were preferred. For maxillofacial trauma plastic surgeons and orthopaedic surgeons were preferred than oral surgeons. For maxillofacial pathology E.N.T surgeons were mostly preferred. There is low awareness regarding oral and maxillofacial surgery amongst the general practitioners and medical consultants in Vadodara district.Conclusion
Survey shows that our training needs to be upgraded and revamped so that our trainees (post graduates in oral surgery) and have a greater “hands-on” exposure during their postgraduate training. They will then be able to handle increasingly complex cases in a multispecialty setup when they graduate and earn the mutual respect of the medical and dental fraternity and also the general public. MBBS students during their dental postings should be made aware of the depth and scope of oral surgery branch. 相似文献12.
Priya Jeyaraj Manu Venkatesan V. S. Nijhawan 《Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery》2016,15(2):229-235
Background
The world wide pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions has rarely been reported despite its significance in ensuring quality of care. A large number of patients are managed surgically in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department of Dhaka Dental College Hospital but there has been no surgical audit to identify the potential problems in patient care.Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of oral and maxillofacial conditions in patients of maxillofacial surgery of Dhaka Dental College Hospital, which would provide valuable information to build up the focus of attention, to develop a future strategy plan, to improve its clinical care and extend the academic and research field.Patients and Methods
A retrospective survey of oral and maxillofacial surgical cases managed at the inpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College Hospital. All admitted patients from 1st January, 2012 to 31st December, 2012 were included in this study. The patients’ data were retrieved from the wards registers and patient records. The data were recorded as age, sex, occupation, geographic distribution, diagnosis, treatment done and operation name. These were studied to assess the prevalence of age, sex, diseases and the name of the treatment offered. Analysis of major groups of diagnosis on the basis of age and sex was also studied. Mortality was also recorded.Results
Between 1st January, 2012 and 31st December, 2012 a total of 768 patients were treated. Among them 494 patients were male while 274 were female, male female ratio was 1.80:1. The majority of the patients were from Dhaka division. The mean age of the patients was 33.20 years; peak age group was 15–30 years. The most common diagnosis was maxillofacial injuries (35 %), followed by oral squamous cell carcinoma (22 %) and odontogenic tumours and hamartomas (11 %). Maxillo-mandibular fixation or wiring was the main modality of treatment. The mortality rate was 0.26 % of total patients.Conclusions
The department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College Hospital is a busy centre for specialized maxillofacial services in Bangladesh. A good number of patients with a wide range of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions are managed here. Maxillofacial injury and oral cancer are the two most common conditions encountered here.13.
Assis Filipe Medeiros Albuquerque Salomão Israel Monteiro Lourenço Queiroz Adriano Rocha Germano José Sandro Pereira da Silva 《Oral and maxillofacial surgery》2017,21(1):49-54
Aim
This study aims to address and assess possible factors associated with nausea and vomiting (NV) following oral and maxillofacial surgery.Material and methods
A prospective study was carried out in the period from December 2013 to January 2016 targeting all attended cases in that period. For statistical analysis, Pearson chi-square and Fisher tests were used to verify association and ANOVA and Student’s t tests to test for significant difference, p was defined as ≤0.05. The sample group consisted of 207 patients with an average age of 33.56 years (±13.23), and 70.5% of subjects were male.Results
Calculations based on the predictive model showed that a female patient with prior history of nausea and vomiting who used opioids and had intra-oral surgical access would have a 96% chance of experiencing a nausea and vomiting episode.Other factors like age, being overweight, anesthesia, surgery duration, and duration of hospital stay also contribute so that these aspects must be paid careful attention prior to surgery to ensure a suitably orientated treatment that will avoid disturbances caused by post-operative nausea and vomiting.Conclusion
The occurrence of post-operative nausea and vomiting after oral and maxillofacial surgery was found to be more higher incidence associated to female patients who used opioids, who had a prior history of NV, whose surgery involved intra-oral access, who were in the second or third decades of their lives, who have above average weight, and who have long anesthesia when undergoing surgery, resulting in a long hospital stays.14.
Lukas B. Seifert Sebastian H. Hoefer Swantje Flammiger Miriam Rüsseler Florian Thieringer Michael Ehrenfeld Robert Sader 《Oral and maxillofacial surgery》2018,22(3):289-296
Purpose
To investigate the current status of undergraduate training in oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgery in Germany using a nationwide survey and hence contribute to an educational improvement in the field.Methods
A 39-item questionnaire was sent to all university clinics with an OMF surgery chair in Germany (n?=?34).Results
Ninety-two percent of OMF clinics are involved in the curricular training in medicine and 100% in dentistry. Eighty-one percent of OMF clinics perform curricular examinations and, respectively, 86% in dentistry. Examinations are mainly performed written with multiple-choice tests (62% medicine, 76% dentistry) and using non-structured oral examinations (57% medicine, 86% dentistry). Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are only used in 19% of all faculties.Conclusion
OMF surgery with its involvement both in medical and dental education has a special position as a surgical discipline. Our results show that OMF as a specialty is underrepresented in dental and especially in medical education considering the numerical and health economic importance of OMF consultations. Enhancing curricular integration and developing more structured examination forms is necessary to guarantee a high quality of OMF education.15.
Introduction
Biomechanical principles for osteosynthesis are emphasized upon in oral and maxillofacial surgery residency programs.Discussion
Our case was referred from another specialty which had treated the patient for bilateral fractures of the anterior mandible. The gross malunion and other findings in this reported case serve to remind students and surgeons alike that principles of fracture reduction and fixation must be respected. 相似文献16.
Chafik Keilani Nicolas Simondet Ramzi Maalouf Ahmet Yigitoglu Alexandre Bougrine Didier Simon Isabelle Fligny 《Oral and maxillofacial surgery》2017,21(2):227-232
Purpose
The aim of this study is to determine patients’ opinion regarding listening to music before an ambulatory maxillofacial surgery and effects on anxiety and pain reduction.Methods
This study was conducted on outpatients having a maxillofacial surgery between December 2015 and April 2016 at Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye hospital (France). Patients listened with headphones to an easy-listening music in the operation theater before the first ambulation. A questionnaire including a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and anxiety was given to participants. The primary endpoint was to determine patients’ opinion regarding listening to music before surgery. Secondary endpoints were to determine VAS pain mean, VAS anxiety mean before surgery, VAS anxiety mean after surgery, and if patients wanted to listen to their own playlist. We decided to compare VAS anxiety and pain mean between patients who accepted to listen to music (ALM) and who refused to listen to music (RLM).Results
Nineteen patients ALM and 8 patients RLM to music. 78.9% of patients considered that listening to music before surgery decreased their anxiety. In patients who ALM, the mean (standard deviation, SD) of VAS pain after surgery was 3.42 (1.95), the mean (SD) of VAS anxiety before surgery was 3.1 (2.3), and the mean (SD) of VAS anxiety was 1.21 (0.85). There was a statistically significantly difference of the VAS anxiety mean (SD) before surgery between patients who ALM 3.10 (2.30) and who RLM 6.12 (1.88) (p = 0.005). There was a statistically significantly difference of the VAS anxiety mean (SD) after surgery between patients who ALM 1.21 (0.85) and who RLM 2.62 (1.30) (p = 0.009). Fifty percent of the patients wanted to choose their own music.Conclusion
Music seems to reduce anxiety before maxillofacial surgery. An interventional randomized study is needed to demonstrate the positive impact of music on anxiety before maxillofacial surgery.17.
Ashwant Kumar Vadepally Brig Ramen Sinha A. V. S. S. Subramanya Anmol Agarwal 《Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery》2016,15(2):207-216
Purpose
The optimal route of intubation that may be planned for different oral and maxillofacial surgical manoeuvres.Materials and Methods
A study was performed on patients who underwent nasal, oral or submental route of intubation for elective oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anaesthesia. The study variables were the anaesthetic and surgeon factors that should be taken into consideration before intubation and during surgery, and also algorithms for uneventful surgical procedures. The outcome variables were influence of the ‘route of intubation’ on ‘surgical technique’ and vice versa. Overall results were compiled, tabulated and analysed using SPSS version 14.0.Results
The study sample comprised of 634 patients. It was found that 35 % (204) nasal, 7.5 % (4) oral and 0 % submental route of intubation had statistically significant influence on oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures and vice versa (p < 0.001).Conclusion
This present study concluded that the surgical access and visibility was immensely improved by following the anaesthetic and surgeon factors in conjunction with algorithms described for uneventful oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. Further, this has also substantially minimized the influence of the ‘route of intubation’ on ‘surgical technique’ and vice versa.18.
Background
Neoplasms of the oral maxillofacial area are an interesting entity characterized by differences in nomenclature and classification at different centers. We report neoplastic histopathological diagnoses seen at the departments of oral maxillofacial surgery of Muhimbili and Mulago referral hospitals in Tanzania and Uganda respectively over a 10-year period.Methods
We retrieved histopathological reports archived at the departments of oral maxillofacial surgery of Muhimbili and Mulago referral hospitals in Tanzania and Uganda respectively over a 10-year period from June 1989–July 1999.Results
In the period between June 1989 and July 1999, 565 and 1298 neoplastic oro-facial cases were retrieved of which 284 (50.53%) and 967 (74.54%) were malignant neoplasms at Muhimbili and Mulago hospitals respectively. Overall 67.28% of the diagnoses recorded were malignant with Kaposi's sarcoma (21.98%), Burkiits lymphoma (20.45%), and squamous cell carcinoma (15.22%) dominating that group while ameloblastoma (9.23%), fibromas (7.3%) and pleomorphic adenoma (4.95%) dominated the benign group. The high frequency of malignancies could be due to inclusion criteria and the clinical practice of selective histopathology investigation. However, it may also be due to higher chances of referrals in case of malignancies.Conclusion
There is need to reexamine the slides in these two centers in order to bring them in line with the most recent WHO classification so as to allow for comparison with reports from else where. 相似文献19.
Kevan Guilherme Nóbrega Barbosa Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino Sérgio d’Avila Efigênia Ferreira e Ferreira Raquel Conceição Ferreira 《Oral and maxillofacial surgery》2017,21(2):131-145
Purpose
This study aimed to determine via systematic review and meta-analysis the proportion of maxillofacial trauma resulting from different etiologies among children and adolescents.Methods
A systematic review of articles published from 2006 to 2015 (10 years) in English language was performed. The following databases were used: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Observational studies reporting the number of children and/or adolescents who suffered maxillofacial trauma resulting from different etiologies were included. Studies were selected by two independent reviewers (Kappa = 0.737). A proportion meta-analysis using random-effect models was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Der-Simonian and Laird weights. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I 2 statistics.Results
A total of 27 studies remained after qualitative analysis including 402,339 patients. The male/female ratio ranged from 1.5:1 to 3.5:1. Road traffic accidents corresponded to the main etiology agent of maxillofacial trauma (34%; 95% CI, 25–44), followed by falls (31%; 95% CI, 25–37), violence (11%; 95% CI, 4–19), sports (4%; 95% CI, 3–5), and others (5%; 95% CI, 2–8). Heterogeneity among studies was high, even stratifying by world region. The adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies showed an intermediate score for most of the included studies.Conclusions
Results suggest that road traffic accidents represent the main cause of maxillofacial trauma among children and adolescents. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity.20.