共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 9 毫秒
1.
室性心律失常危害身心健康,尤其是室性心动过速(室速)和心室颤动(室颤)更可直接导致心脏性猝死。21世纪的前10年,国内外在室性心律失常的机制和防治研究中均取得重要进展。本期杂志刊登一组文章,涉及医院内室颤的救治、室速和室颤的机制、药物治疗、射频消融治疗、植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)的应用等内容。所刊文章或许有诸多不足,并不完美,但锐意创新为其共同特点。 相似文献
2.
Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis accounts for up to one third of chronic pancreatitis cases. The most common inherited disease of the exocrine pancreas is cystic fibrosis, which is caused by mutations of a gene encoding an ion transport protein. It was discovered during the past year that many patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis have mutations of the gene that causes cystic fibrosis. This article reviews the evidence associating mutations of this gene with chronic pancreatitis and discusses the implications of this association for the evaluation, pathogenesis, classification, and possible prevention of pancreatitis. 相似文献
3.
Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis accounts for up to one third of chronic pancreatitis cases. The most common inherited disease
of the exocrine pancreas is cystic fibrosis, which is caused by mutations of a gene encoding an ion transport protein. It
was discovered during the past year that many patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis have mutations of the gene that
causes cystic fibrosis. This article reviews the evidence associating mutations of this gene with chronic pancreatitis and
discusses the implications of this association for the evaluation, pathogenesis, classification, and possible prevention of
pancreatitis. 相似文献
4.
5.
Light to moderate alcohol intake is known to have cardioprotective properties; however, the magnitude of protection depends
on other factors and may be confined to some subsets of the population. This review focuses on factors that modify the relationship
between alcohol and coronary heart disease (CHD). The cardio-protective effect of alcohol seems to be larger among middle-aged
and elderly adults than among young adults, who do not have a net beneficial effect of a light to moderate alcohol intake
in terms of reduced all-cause mortality. The levels of alcohol at which the risk of CHD is lowest and the levels of alcohol
at which the risk of CHD exceeds the risk among abstainers are lower for women than for men. The pattern of drinking seems
important for the apparent cardioprotective effect of alcohol, and the risk of CHD is generally lower for steady versus binge
drinking. Finally, there is some evidence that wine may have more beneficial effects than beer and distilled spirits; however,
these results are still controversial and may be confounded by personal characteristics and other lifestyle factors such as
diet. The inverse association between alcohol intake and CHD is influenced by age, gender, drinking pattern, and possibly
by type of alcohol. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
The Brugada syndrome, first described as a new clinical entity in 1992, is widely recognized today as a form of inherited
sudden cardiac arrest. The past 16 years witnessed a progressive increase in the number of reported cases and a dramatic proliferation
of articles serving to define the clinical, genetic, cellular, ionic, and molecular aspects of the disease. This article provides
a brief overview of recent advances in our understanding of the clinical presentation and molecular and cellular mechanisms
and an update of existing controversies. 相似文献
9.
Anelechi C. Anyanwu David H. Adams 《Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine》2008,10(6):529-537
Opinion statement This article reviews recent developments in the pathophysiology and management of ischemic mitral regurgitation. Recent imaging
studies using three-dimensional echocardiography have added clarity to the mechanism responsible for this condition. This
article also discusses recent studies on outcomes of surgical repair, including current results and potential risks of restrictive
annuloplasty. Because of the limitations imposed by restrictive annuloplasty, adjunctive surgical methods focusing on the
left ventricle or papillary muscles are being investigated to address this disease. In the interim, a downsized complete rigid
or semirigid annuloplasty repair appears to offer good midterm outcomes. 相似文献
10.
Epidemiology of sepsis: Recent advances 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Sepsis, as defined by an expert consensus definition, is the development of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in
the presence of infection. Using this clinically applicable definition, several studies have evaluated the epidemiology of
sepsis over the past decade. The current incidence of sepsis is at least 240 patients per 100,000 people in the United States
population, whereas for severe sepsis it is between 51 and 95 patients per 100,000 people. The incidence rate for sepsis has
been increasing over the past two decades, driving an increase in the number of deaths despite a decline in case-fatality
rates. Sepsis is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States and accounts for more than 17 billion dollars in direct
healthcare expenditures. 相似文献
11.
Personalized oncology is evidence-based, individualized medicine that delivers the right care to the right cancer patient at the right time and results in measurable improvements in outcomes and a reduction on health care costs. Evolving topics in personalized oncology such as genomic analysis, targeted drugs, cancer therapeutics and molecular diagnostics will be discussed in this review. Biomarkers and molecular individualized medicine are replacing the traditional “one size fits all” medicine. In the next decade the treatment of cancer will move from a reactive to a proactive discipline. The essence of personalized oncology lies in the use of biomarkers. These biomarkers can be from tissue, serum, urine or imaging and must be validated. Personalized oncology based on biomarkers is already having a remarkable impact. Three different types of biomarkers are of particular importance: predictive, prognostic and early response biomarkers. Tools for implementing preemptive medicine based on genetic and molecular diagnostic and interventions will improve cancer prevention. Imaging technologies such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Positron Emitted Tomography (PET) are already influencing the early detection and management of the cancer patient. Future advances in imaging are expected to be in the field of molecular imaging, integrated diagnostics, biology driven interventional radiology and theranostics. Molecular diagnostics identify individual cancer patients who are more likely to respond positively to targeted chemotherapies. Molecular diagnostics include testing for genes, gene expression, proteins and metabolites. The use of companion molecular diagnostics is expected to grow significantly in the future and will be integrated into new cancer therapies a single (bundled) package which will provide greater efficiency, value and cost savings. This approach represents a unique opportunity for integration, increased value in personalized oncology. 相似文献
12.
13.
Recent advances in defining the molecular basis for the thalassemia syndromes are discussed. We now realize that the causes of the thalassemia phenotype are diverse and include gene deletions, nuclear RNA processing defects, nonsense mutations, fusion genes, termination codon mutants, and unstable globin chains. 相似文献
14.
N Thomas Burke James B Maurice David Nasralla Jonathan Potts Rachel Westbrook 《Frontline Gastroenterology》2022,13(1):57
Liver transplant is a life-saving treatment with 1-year and 5-year survival rates of 90% and 70%, respectively. However, organ demand continues to exceed supply, such that many patients will die waiting for an available organ. This article reviews for the general gastroenterologist the latest developments in the field to reduce waiting list mortality and maximise utilisation of available organs. The main areas covered include legislative changes in organ donation and the new ‘opt-out’ systems being rolled out in the UK, normothermic machine perfusion to optimise marginal grafts, a new national allocation system to maximise benefit from each organ and developments in patient ‘prehabilitation’ before listing. Current areas of research interest, such as immunosuppression withdrawal, are also summarised. 相似文献
15.
Pituitary lesions, albeit relatively infrequent, can significantly alter the quality of life. This article highlights the role of advanced imaging modalities in evaluating pituitary-hypothalamic axis lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the examination of choice for evaluating hypothalamic-pituitary-related endocrine diseases. Advanced MR techniques discussed in this article include dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, 3T MRI, magnetization transfer (MT) imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), proton MR spectroscopy, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, intraoperative MRI, and intraoperative real-time ultrasonography. 相似文献
16.
The global increase of spinal infections is concomitant with the rise of its risk factors, including HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus,
intravenous drug use, advanced age, and gunshot wounds to the spine. Because spinal infections have a wide span of presentation,
early detection and differentiation are notoriously challenging. Current advances in laboratory and imaging techniques, such
as polymerase chain reaction, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and 99mTc-ciprofloxacin scintigraphy, allow
for better diagnostic rendering of the infection and its degree of spinal involvement. Less invasive surgical procedures and
preventive surgical management have helped reduce spinal infection morbidities such as deformity and neurologic deficit. Although
proper antibiotic regimen and correct surgical management are of vital importance to successful patient outcome, early detection
remains the most critical factor. 相似文献
17.
Although thyroid scintigraphy and ultrasound continues to be the mainstay of the diagnostic imaging of the thyroid gland, there have been several recent advances that are of interest to both radiologists and endocrinologists. In this review article, the authors discuss recent progress in imaging of the thyroid by use of radionuclide imaging including single photon-emission computed tomography/positron emission tomography, ultrasonography (USG), USG elastography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical coherence tomography. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.