腹腔镜精索血管高位结扎术治疗小儿精索静脉曲张

2002年5月至2004年12月,我们采用腹腔镜对12例精索静脉曲张患儿行精索血管高位结扎术(Palomo手术),疗效满意。现报告如下。对象与方法本组12例。年龄11～14岁,平均12.6岁。病变均位于左侧。阴囊坠胀不适就诊者8例,无症状偶然发现阴囊肿块者4例。患者术前均采用彩色多普勒测量双侧睾丸容积。睾丸容积计算公式:睾丸容积(ml)=长度(mm)×宽度(mm)×厚度(mm)×0.521。按照Valsalva分度:Ⅱ度3例,Ⅲ度9例。     

腹腔镜精索静脉曲张高位结扎术25例报告

报告腹腔镜精索静脉曲张主位结扎２５例３０侧，经随访，疗效满意， 文中对麻醉的选择与术中气腹的关系进行了分析，并对手术方法作了详细的，认为：该术式方法简单，创不，睢时间短，疗效确切，尤其适用于双侧手术，是一种治疗精索静脉曲张较好的方法。     

经脐单切口腹腔镜下高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张

目的探讨经脐单切口腹腔镜下高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张(VC)的临床效果。方法回顾分析2009年4月至2010年1月我院行经脐单切口腹腔镜下高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的45例VC患者临床资料,其中左侧29例,无单纯右侧患者,双侧16例,共61侧;年龄22～49岁,平均32±13岁。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间20～45min,平均28±7min,术中出血少,未出现周边器官及血管损伤并发症,术后脐部手术切口愈合,手术疤痕不明显,术后1～3d出院。结论经脐单切口腹腔镜下高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张疗效可靠,术后切口美观,体现了微创治疗的优势。     

腹腔镜下精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效观察

目的观察腹腔镜下精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析对精索静脉曲张45例患者采用腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术治疗的临床资料。结果本组患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间30～60 min,平均40 min。术后左阴囊气肿2例,反应性睾丸鞘膜积液1例,阴囊坠胀不适感2例,均未做任何处理,2 d内自行消退。所有患者精索静脉曲张症状均消失或明显改善,无复发和睾丸萎缩。结论腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张创伤小、复发率低,必将彻底代替传统的开放性手术。     

腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张

目的:探讨腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床价值。方法:回顾分析腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张19例患者的临床资料,并评价手术方法的优缺点。结果:19例患者手术均获成功,手术时间20~80m in,基本无出血,术毕拔除导尿管,术后1~4d出院,平均住院2.5d。结论:腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术可避免开腹手术的较大损伤和对输精管的误伤,而且双侧可同时手术治疗;尽管费用稍高,仍不失为一种较好的治疗手段。     

腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张

目的 探讨腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床价值.方法 应用腹腔镜技术为63例患者施行双侧精索静脉高位结扎术.结果 63例患者手术均获成功,手术时间(33±9) min,基本无出血,术后2～3 d出院,平均住院2.3 d,随访6个月,曲张静脉均消失,伴男性不育症者精液质量明显改善.结论 腹腔镜精索静脉结扎术效果可靠、对机体干扰轻、并发症少、康复快、复发率低,且可同时施行双侧手术,值得临床推广应用.     

腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张26例报告

目的：探讨腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎治疗精索静脉曲张的临床价值,总结保留睾丸动脉的单纯精索内静脉高位结扎术及睾丸动静脉集柬高位结扎术的优缺点。方法：回顾分析腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张26例患者的临床资料,其中14例行保留睾丸动脉的单纯精索内静脉高位结扎术,12例行睾丸动静脉集柬高位结扎术。结果：26例手术均获成功。6例术前诊断为左侧精索静脉曲张的病例术中确诊为双侧精索静脉曲张。睾丸动静脉集柬高位结扎术中1例并发附睾炎。以不育就诊的14例中,保留睾丸动脉的单纯精索内静脉结扎的8例中4例生育,而睾丸动静脉集柬高位结扎的6例中只有1例生育,全部病例未见复发。结论：腹腔镜下精索内静脉高位结扎术具有损伤小,视野清楚,操作简单,并发症少,术后恢复快等优点,尤其适合双侧精索静脉曲张者,可同时探查和治疗双侧精索静脉曲张。保留睾丸动脉的单纯精索内静脉高位结扎术能提高不育症的疗效,减少鞘膜积液的发生率。     

腹腔镜下高选择性精索静脉高位结扎治疗精索静脉曲张

目的 提高腹腔镜下手术治疗精索静脉曲张水平.方法 2003年7月至2007年10月收治Ⅱ度以上原发性精索静脉曲张患者452例,其中临床随访资料完整337例.左侧285例,双侧52例;曲张Ⅱ度269例,Ⅲ度68例;患侧阴囊坠痛不适238例;婚后不育265例,病程1～13年.其中行腹腔镜下保留精索动脉及淋巴组织的高选择性精索静脉高位结扎术(A组)249例(合并不育197例),行腹腔镜下精索血管集柬结扎术(B组)88例(合并不育68例).统计学分析2组手术时间、术后鞘膜积液、睾丸萎缩、复发等及精液改善和生育情况.结果 337例手术均成功,术后随访2年.2组手术时间分别为(38.0±10.9)min、(19.0±7.5)min,鞘膜积液发生率分别为0.4%(1/249)、11.3%(10/88),睾丸萎缩发生率分别为0.0%(0/249)、3.4%(3/88),术后3个月精液质量提高率分别为77.1%(192/249)、62.5%(55/88),术后2年配偶自然怀孕率分别为56.8%(112/197)、39.7%(27/68),以上指标2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).2组复发率分别为5.6%(14/249)、4.5%(4/88),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜下高选择性精索静脉高位结扎术术后并发症发生率低,精液质量提高率和术后2年配偶自然怀孕率高,有推广价值.     

腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张85例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的有效性、安全性及价值。方法:回顾分析我院为85例患者行腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术的临床资料。结果:85例手术均获成功,平均手术时间32min,基本无出血,术后平均住院3d。随访3～10个月,3例复发,复发率3.5%。结论:腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张具有创伤小、康复快、效果好、并发症少等优点,对双侧精索静脉曲张及开放手术后复发的患者尤有临床价值。     

针式腹腔镜精索内静脉结扎术

目的:探讨针式腹腔镜行精索内静脉结扎术的手术方法和效果。方法:行针式腹腔镜精索内静脉结扎术72例,双侧33例,左侧39例,共105侧。采用硬膜外复合静脉麻醉,分别于下腹正中线作2个2 mm切口,1个5mm切口,利用结扎速血管闭合系统凝闭精索内静脉。结果:72例顺利完成手术,平均手术时间单侧15 m in,双侧21 m in,术后住院3~5 d。术后随访6~12个月,未见复发。结论:针式腹腔镜精索内静脉结扎术效果确切,创伤小,恢复快,是治疗原发性精索静脉曲张的较好选择。     

三种不同术式治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效对比分析

目的比较分析三种不同手术方式治疗精索静脉曲张（VC）的疗效。方法选择1 000例初发的单侧VC患者分别采用开放经腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术（腹膜后组,n=360）、经腹股沟超选择性精索内静脉结扎术（腹股沟组,n=324）及经腹腔镜精索内静脉高位结扎术（腹腔镜组,n=316）治疗,分析各组手术操作要点,并对各组手术并发症进行比较。结果三种术式术后附睾炎、阴囊水肿、睾丸鞘膜积液发生例数分别为腹膜后组22例、15例和28例;腹股沟组54例、40例和57例;腹腔镜组32例、23例和32例。腹膜后组和腹腔镜组术后附睾炎、阴囊水肿、睾丸鞘膜积液及腹股沟区疼痛的发生率明显低于腹股沟组（P〈0.05）。结论开放经腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术及经腹腔镜精索内静脉高位结扎术具有术后恢复快、并发症较少的优点。由于腹腔镜手术费用明显较高,对术者操作有更高的要求,麻醉要求更高,所以经腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗VC具有独特的优势,值得推广。     

Umbilical laparoendoscopic single site surgery versus inguinal varicocelectomy for bilateral varicocele: A comparative study

We aimed to determine the efficacy of umbilical laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS) bilateral varicocelectomy on the basis of a comparative study versus open inguinal bilateral varicocelectomy. We enrolled 39 patients who underwent bilateral varicocelectomy with predetermined surgical indications at two hospitals with either the LESS (n = 19) or the open inguinal approach (n = 20). Operative time, operation‐related pain (10‐point visual analog pain scale), catch‐up growth of the testes, semen parameters, and complications after surgery between the LESS group and the open group at 3 months after surgery were compared. Operative times were 46.8 and 72.8 min (P < 0.001) in the LESS and open surgery groups, respectively. Patients in the LESS group reported lower surgery‐related pain than those in the open surgery group at 3 months (2.5 vs 1.2, P = 0.029). A significant improvement in terms of semen concentration, motility, catch‐up growth of the bilateral testes was observed in both groups, although no significant differences were detected between the groups. Postoperative complications were also similar between the two groups. LESS varicocelectomy required a shorter operative time than inguinal varicocelectomy for bilateral cases. In addition, the LESS procedure showed less postoperative pain and cosmetic benefits with similar seminal outcomes. Thus, LESS for patients undergoing bilateral varicocelectomy represents a promising surgical approach.     

腹腔镜下精索内静脉Hem-o-Lock夹夹闭术与Palomo术治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效比较

目的:对照研究腹腔镜下精索内静脉Hem-o-Lock夹夹闭术与经腹膜后集束结扎精索血管术(Palomo术)治疗原发性精索静脉曲张的手术疗效。方法:研究对象为原发性精索静脉曲张并行手术治疗的患者80例,依据术式不同分为腹腔镜下精索内静脉Hem-o-Lock夹夹闭术组(H组)42例,Palomo术组(P组)38例。观察指标:手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、肠道功能恢复时间、术后并发症,以及术后半年精子浓度、存活率、畸形率、a+b级精子百分率,彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)检查精索静脉内径(D值)、返流时间(TR值)和血流速度与内径比值(V/D),临床症状消失率和复发率。结果:手术时间、术中出血量和住院时间H组少于P组(P<0.05),术后肠道功能恢复时间H组大于P组(P<0.05);术后并发症发生率两组无显著性差异(P>0.05);术后半年复查精液质量和彩色多普勒CDFI检查:组内比较术后各指标均较术前有显著改善(P<0.05),组间比较术前术后各值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后18个月均无复发。结论:腹腔镜下精索内静脉Hem-o-Lock夹夹闭术和Palomo术均可明显改善精索静脉曲张患者精液质量,缓解并逐步消失其临床症状,但前者具有手术、住院时间更短,术中出血、术后并发症较少,临床疗效好、复发率低等优点,是当前临床治疗精索静脉曲张的优选术式。     

Single-port laparoscopic surgery: initial experience in children for varicocelectomy

OBJECTIVE

To present our initial experience in children undergoing single‐port laparoscopic varicocelectomy (SPLV) using a new approach in which the entire procedure is performed through a multichannel single laparoscopic port inserted in the umbilicus rather than the traditional LV performed through three abdominal ports.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We reviewed our experience with all paediatric patients who had undergone transumbilical SPLV [Uni‐X^TM Single Port Access Laparoscopic System, Pnavel Systems, NJ, USA]. This novel 20‐mm laparoscopic port has three working channels and gas insufflation access. The system also includes a variety of curved laparoscopic instruments that can be introduced through the SP. A Hassan technique through an incision within the inferior aspect of the umbilicus is used to obtain laparoscopic port access to the abdominal cavity. The SP is then fixed into position with pre‐placed rectus facial sutures. Using a curved laparoscopic grasper and scissors, an incision is made within the posterior peritoneum on the medial and lateral aspects of the left testicular artery and veins, proximal to the vas deferens. The vessels, both artery and veins, are transected leaving clips both proximally and distally.

RESULTS

Transumbilical SPLV was completed in three consecutive adolescents (aged 13, 15 and 16 years) without placing any additional ports or conversion to open surgery. All procedures were performed for left‐sided grade III varicoceles. The operative duration was <1 h for each procedure. All patients were discharged on the same day as their surgery and none required re‐hospitalization. At a mean (range) follow‐up of 8.7 (6–10) weeks there was a good cosmetic result, with no varicocele recurrence, or intraoperative or postoperative complications including wound infection, hydrocele, or incision site herniation.

CONCLUSION

We report the first use of a multicannula single laparoscopic port in children and for SPLV. This new laparoscopic approach, similar to any new technique, requires further experience to fully evaluate its benefits and limitations.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜精索内静脉高位结扎术(附24例报告)

目的 探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜在精索内静脉高位结扎手术中的应用. 方法 24例精索静脉曲张患者,均行经脐单孔腹腔镜精索内静脉高位结扎术,其中单纯左侧15例,双侧9例. 结果 24例患者手术均取得成功,单侧手术时间平均(42.3±10.2)min,双侧手术时间平均(58.4±9.7)min,术中出血量平均(15.4 ±5.2)ml.无中转开放手术,术中无肠管损伤、睾丸动脉误扎,术后无穿刺口出血、感染,无阴囊血肿,无腹壁穿刺处疝形成.术后6个月复查精液常规,精子密度计数及精子活率较术前明显提高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05). 结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜行精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张是安全可行的,随着器械的不断改进和完善,单孔腹腔镜手术具有更广阔的发展前景.     

Initial experience with robot-assisted varicocelectomy

Aim： To determine if robot-assisted varicocelectomy can be safely and effectively performed when compared to microscopic inguinal varicocelectomy. Methods： Eight patients aged 29.1 ± 12.5 years underwent microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomies： seven patients with left-sided repair, and one patient with bilateral repair. Eight patients aged 22.0 ±8.0 years underwent robot-assisted varicocelectomies： seven patients with left-sided repair and one patient with bilateral repair. Results： The average operative time for microscopic inguinal varicocelectomy was 73.9 ±12.2 min, whereas the robot-assisted technique took 71.1± 21.1 min. There were no difficulties in identifying and isolating vessels and the vas deferens with robot-assisted subinguinal varicocelectomy. Hand tremor was eliminated using the robotic procedure. Patients who underwent either microscopic or robot-assisted varicocelectomies were able to resume daily activities on the day of surgery and full activities within 2 weeks. There were no complications or recurrences of varicocele. Conclusion： From our experience, compared to microscopic surgery, robot-assisted varicocelectomy can be safely and effectively performed, with the added benefit of eliminating hand tremor.     

微通道腹腔镜高选择性双侧精索静脉结扎术的临床应用价值

目的探讨微通道腹腔镜高选择性精索静脉结扎术治疗双侧精索静脉曲张的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析中山大学附属东华医院74例双侧精索静脉曲张患者的临床资料,其中42例行微通道腹腔镜高选择性双侧精索静脉结扎术,32例行显微镜经外环口双侧精索静脉结扎术。术后随访6~12个月,比较不同术式间手术情况、有效性、安全性及医疗费用等的差异。结果腹腔镜组手术时间更短,切口更小,疼痛评分更低,切口美容评分更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);显微镜组住院费用更低(P<0.05);两组在缓解阴囊胀痛和改善精液质量方面均有较好效果,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后6个月曲张复发率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论微通道腹腔镜高选择性精索静脉结扎术安全、有效,且手术时间短、疼痛轻、疤痕小,值得临床推广应用,可作为双侧精索静脉曲张患者的可选术式。     

Laparoscopic varicocele ligation in children and adolescents using isosulphan blue: a prospective randomized trial

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, in a randomized prospective trial in children and adolescents, the feasibility of isosulphan blue-based lymphatic vessel preservation during laparoscopic varicocelectomy and its impact on the complication rate, as the operative management of varicoceles remains controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 50 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to two laparoscopic varicocelectomy groups. The indications for surgery included scrotal pain and a difference in testicular size, as well as severe cosmetic impairment. All the patients had a laparoscopic varicocelectomy using three ports. Patients in group A had standard laparoscopy, while those in group B had additional isosulphan blue administered. After surgery, the patients were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months for varicocele recurrence, hydrocele formation, atrophy, pain or other complications. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative complications or conversions to open surgery. There were no adverse reactions, scrotal haematomas or atrophy. At 3 months after surgery, the incidence of hydrocele in group A was 20% whereas in group B no hydroceles were detected (P = 0.025); at 6 months the 20% still had hydroceles. One patient in each group had varicocele recurrence associated with persistent pain. In two patients in group B, blue pigmentation of the left hemiscrotum persisted at the 3-month follow-up but resolved by 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic repair of varicoceles using isosulphan blue helps to identify and preserve the lymphatic drainage. It prevents secondary hydrocele formation, the most common complication, with no supplementary risk to the patient. Also, testicular oedema causing impaired spermatogenesis can be avoided.