原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌的临床特点。方法:回顾性分析1例原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌患者的临床资料:患者64岁,因进行性排尿困难2年,肉眼血尿2个月入院治疗,行经尿道前列腺电切术。结果:术后病理检查为前列腺印戒细胞癌伴黏液腺癌及管状乳头状腺癌。免疫组织化学结果:PSA+,PAP+,CEA-。术后给予局部放射治疗,随访8个月未见复发和转移。结论:原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌临床罕见,恶性程度高,易出现转移,需依赖组织病理学及免疫组织化学检查确诊。     

前列腺黏液腺癌1例报告并文献复习

正前列腺黏液腺癌临床罕见,我单位收治该病患者1例,其临床表现具有鲜明特点,特予以总结报道并对该病相关文献进行复习。1临床资料患者男,57岁,因"尿频、尿急8月余,经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)后并发现前列腺癌2周"入院。患者入院前8个月时出现尿频及进行性排尿困难等典型前列腺增生症状,自诉射精后排尿时常伴有透明胶冻样成块固体流出。于外院行CT示"前列腺占位并累及膀胱,双侧肾盂输尿管积水"。随后于该院行TURP(具体不详),术中切除前列腺、尿道及膀胱内组织送病理,术后病理示:"(前列腺、尿道)前列腺黏液腺癌;(膀胱)内翻性乳头状瘤,部分细胞增生活跃"。为排除黏液腺癌是否由胃肠     

含5种不同组织学结构的前列腺癌1例报道并文献复习

目的:探讨含有5种不同组织学结构的前列腺癌的临床表现、病理特征、治疗方法。方法:报告1例含有5种组织学结构的前列腺癌的临床资料,并结合文献对其诊断、病理、治疗等进一步分析。结果:患者直肠指检、B超、CT、MRI及PSA均提示前列腺癌,行穿刺活检后确诊。考虑患者全身状况行硬膜外麻醉下经尿道前列腺电切术以改善排尿症状。术中切除可疑肿瘤组织,术后病理:前列腺腺癌(筛状癌、腺泡癌、浸润癌、导管癌、黏液腺癌)。Gleason分级9分。术后应用比卡鲁胺和醋酸戈舍瑞林治疗,术后10个月开始出现全身转移,术后1年死亡。结论:含有5种不同组织学结构的前列腺癌极其罕见,难于早期诊断,确诊主要依靠病理和免疫组化检查。     

膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺癌的诊断与治疗

目的　提高膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺癌的诊治水平。　方法　对 8例膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺癌患者的临床资料进行分析。　结果　 8例术前均经膀胱镜检查及活检病理证实为膀胱移行细胞癌。 7例经直肠前列腺穿刺活检确诊前列腺癌 ,1例为前列腺增生症 ,行膀胱前列腺全切术后病理证实为前列腺癌。 4例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切及双侧睾丸切除术 ,术后使用丝裂霉素或BCG等膀胱灌注及氟他胺内分泌治疗。 1例行膀胱前列腺全切加回肠膀胱术。 8例中 2例失访 ,3例因多发性转移 ,术后存活 <1年 ,3例行根治性膀胱前列腺全切术 ,术后随访 1.5～ 4.0年 ,经胸片、CT、同位素和PSA等检查未见肿瘤复发或转移。　结论　血清PSA测定、前列腺直肠指诊、经直肠前列腺B超检查、活检及膀胱镜检查是诊断膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺腺癌的主要方法 ,根治性膀胱前列腺切除是影响预后的重要因素     

前列腺黏液腺癌2例报告并文献复习

目的:总结前列腺黏液腺癌(mucinous adenocarcinoma,MC)的临床病理特点、治疗方法及预后。方法:回顾性分析2002年1月~2014年10月收治的2例前列腺MC患者的临床病理资料:年龄分别为82和73岁,因排尿困难入院,tPSA分别为15.59ng/ml和210.1ng/ml,术前CT或MRI检查未见前列腺癌表现。1例行TURP术,术后行全雄激素阻断治疗;1例行前列腺穿刺活检确诊后行新辅助内分泌治疗3个月,然后行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术,术后部分切缘阳性,行辅助内分泌治疗及辅助放疗。结果:1例随访4年,排尿通畅,未见肿瘤转移。1例随访19个月,未见局部复发及转移。结论:前列腺MC临床罕见,病理学及免疫组织化学检查为确诊手段;内分泌治疗有效,根治性手术预后与普通前列腺癌类似。     

前列腺导管腺癌1例报告并文献复习

目的：提高对前列腺导管腺癌诊断及治疗的认识水平.方法：回顾性分析1例前列腺导管腺癌患者的诊治过程,并复习相关文献,探讨本病的组织发生和生物学特点.患者73岁,无痛性间歇血尿2年,PSA 0.897ng/ml,膀胱镜检查发现前列腺尿道部肿物,切除后提示为尿道低分化腺癌.术后2个月复发,转诊我院.检查前列腺尖部偏右侧有一直径0.5 cm结节,质硬,行经尿道肿物电切术,病理检查为前列腺导管腺癌,遂行前列腺根治性切除术.结果：患者术后恢复良好,无血尿和尿失禁,随访1年无局部复发和远处转移.结论：前列腺导管腺癌是前列腺癌的一个亚型,相对于腺泡腺癌,其起病隐匿,进展快,侵袭性强.前列腺根治性切除术是有效治疗方法.     

前列腺导管腺癌临床诊治分析(附21例报告)

目的:探讨前列腺导管腺癌(ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate,DAP)的临床病理特征和治疗方法,提高对DAP的诊疗水平。方法:回顾性分析21例DAP患者的临床资料。6例无症状,仅发现前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)升高。排尿不畅伴尿频15例,其中反复血尿5例。2例后尿道肿物行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术确诊,1例经尿道前列腺电切术确诊,18例行前列腺穿刺活检和手术后确诊。4例接受内分泌治疗,17例行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术。结果:17例病理证实为腺泡腺癌合并DAP,4例证实为纯DAP。切缘阳性10例,阳性率58.82%(10/17),神经侵犯5例,盆腔淋巴结阴性。1例患者内分泌治疗失败后行减瘤性腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术,术后4个月出现肺骨转移,未能接受化疗去世。所有患者随访8～80个月,术后生化复发2例,内分泌治疗控制。结论:DAP早期不易诊断,与前列腺癌不良的生物学行为密切相关,早期诊断、根治手术辅以内分泌治疗可使患者生存获益。     

前列腺电切术后的前列腺癌根治术

目的　总结经尿道前列腺电切术后确诊的偶发性前列腺癌根治手术经验。　方法　 1 1例经尿道前列腺电切术后确诊为偶发性前列腺癌患者行耻骨后前列腺癌根治术 ,平均年龄 6 1岁 ,TNM分期均为T1a～b。　结果　 1 1例平均随访 4 .5年 ,除 1例失访外均无瘤存活。 2例发生尿道狭窄 ,1例真性尿失禁 ,7例术前性功能正常并行保留性神经手术的患者 4例术后恢复正常性功能。　结论　经尿道前列腺电切术后的偶发癌行根治术疗效满意。前期电切术在一定程度上增加了根治术的难度及并发症发生率。根治术宜在电切术后 1个月内进行。     

前列腺黏液腺癌1例报告

前列腺黏液腺癌是前列腺癌中罕见的病理分型, 本文报道1例。患者因间断血尿就诊, 术前诊断为前列腺腺癌, 行腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术, 术后病理检查示前列腺黏液腺癌, 术后随访6个月, 影像学检查无复发、转移征象, tPSA正常。     

低血清PSA型前列腺癌的回顾性研究

目的:探讨低血清前列腺特异抗原(prostate-specific antigen,PSA)型前列腺癌的临床特证。方法:回顾性分析10例低血清PSA型前列腺癌患者的临床资料:10例患者因下尿路梗阻或骨痛或体检异常入院,入院时血清PSA值平均为1.968ng/ml。直肠指诊、经直肠前列腺超声、MRI检查异常,行穿刺和(或)前列腺电切术,其中2例前列腺小细胞癌患者,1例行药物去势+抗雄激素治疗,另1例行前列腺电切术+药物去势+抗雄激素治疗;7例前列腺腺癌患者,2例行药物去势+抗雄激素治疗,1例行手术去势+抗雄激素治疗,2例行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术,2例行前列腺电切+药物去势+抗雄激素治疗;1例鳞癌患者行前列腺电切术+药物去势+抗雄激素治疗。结果:术后经病理检查确诊。7例前列腺腺癌Gleason评分,6例≥7分,1例=4分。10例患者中,T3期以上患者8例,其中3例有骨转移。10例患者术后平均随访18个月,4例死亡,3例病情进展,3例病情无进展。结论:低血清PSA型前列腺癌发病多隐匿,恶性度较高,诊断及随访不依赖血清PSA;内分泌治疗效果不理想,术后随访时需定期行影像学检查,以明确疾病有无进展。     

Prognosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated by radical prostatectomy: a study of 47 cases

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is one of the least common variants of prostate cancer. The prognosis of this variant of prostate cancer remains controversial. We present 47 cases (1991 to 2006) of mucinous carcinomas treated by radical prostatectomy. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 56 years (range: 44 to 69 y). The mean preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 9.0 ng/mL (range: 1.9 to 34.3 ng/mL). Clinical stages were T1c (34 cases), T2a (7 cases), and T2b (6 cases). The mean percentage of tumor composed of the mucinous component was 52% (range: 25% to 90%). The mean Gleason score was 7 with scores of 6 in 6 cases (12.8%), 7 in 37 cases (78.7%), and 8 in 4 cases (8.5%). Margins were positive in 4 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Only 2 cases had isolated margin positivity in the nonmucinous acinar component of cancer. In 12 cases (25.5%), mucinous adenocarcinoma had established extraprostatic extension (EEPE). Eight cases (17.0%) had isolated EEPE of nonmucinous cancer. The 1 lymph node metastasis contained nonmucinous cancer. All together, taking into account both the mucinous and nonmucinous tumor, 20/47 cases (42.5%) had EEPE and 6/47 (12.7%) had positive margins. The 1 lymph node metastasis contained nonmucinous cancer. The mean follow-up for those without progression was 5.6 years (median 6 y, range: 1 to 15 y). One patient (2.1%) progressed 3 years after his radical prostatectomy (5 y actuarial progression-free risk 97.2%). Using the Kattan nomogram, the predicted mean 5-year PSA progression-free risk for nonmucinous prostate cancer with the same PSA and postoperative findings as in the current study was 85.4%. This study confirms that mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated by radical prostatectomy is not more aggressive, and possibly even less aggressive than nonmucinous prostatic adenocarcinoma.     

A case report: mucinous carcinoma of prostate

We present a case of mucinous carcinoma of prostate. A 64-year-old man visited our hospital because of high score of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Prostatic biopsies were performed twice, but cancer was not found. Since the PSA value elevated gradually and a hard nodule in the right lobe of prostate became palpable, we repeated the biopsy that revealed cancer. Retropubic radical prostatectomy was performed and pathological examination revealed mucinous carcinoma of prostate. Mucinous carcinoma of prostate is rare, and to our knowledge, only 46 cases have been reported in the Japanese literature.     

Mucinous Differentiation in Colorectal Cancer: Molecular,Histological and Clinical Aspects

Background : Mucinous colorectal carcinoma represents a subtype of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), which is characterized by abundant amount of extracellular mucin. We reviewed the molecular, histological and clinical aspects of mucinous CRC as compared to the non-mucinous type.

Methods : A systematic web-based research was performed using Web of Knowledge. The combination of the Boolean search terms “COLO*” AND “MUC*” was used. The literature was searched until July 2013.

Results : Patients with mucinous CRC have distinct clinical and pathological features. Mucinous CRC tends to occur in younger patients, are often seen in the proximal colon, are more diagnosed at an advanced stage and are more frequently associated with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and young-age sporadic colorectal cancer. The prognostic significance of mucinous differentiation remains uncertain; some studies have shown a poor response to ox-aliplatin and/or irinotecan based chemotherapy. Mucinous CRC is associated with a higher expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC, but a lower expression of MUC1. The differential expression of mucins has been related to altered risk of metastasis and death. Recently, mucins have been used as targets for molecular therapy and as a source of immune therapy. Mucinous differentiation is associated with other specific genetic and molecular features such as increased BRAF mutation rate and microsatellite instability.

Conclusion : Mucinous CRC is a distinct clinical, pathological, and molecular entity. The implications of mucinous differentiation for treatment response and outcome are not fully elucidated, but the available data suggest an adverse effect. The use of mucins as immunotargets may show therapeutic promise for mucinous CRC.     

'Vanishing' prostate cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens: incidence and long-term follow-up in 38 cases

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and long-term follow-up of the 'vanishing cancer' phenomenon, as complete sampling of some radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens reveals no residual cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Mayo Clinic prostate cancer RP database for 1966-1995 was searched for all cases in which there was no residual adenocarcinoma (pathological stage pT0). Each case was confirmed by a review of all tissue specimen slides. Various clinical and pathological features were evaluated, and the follow-up obtained for all patients. RESULTS: Among 6843 RPs there were 38 in which no residual cancer was identified despite careful sampling. There was a 10-fold decline in the incidence of this finding, from 2.1% before 1980 to 0.2% in 1993-95; this decline appeared to be caused by a decrease in the frequency of diagnosis of cancer by transurethral resection from > 10% before 1990 to < 2% in 1993-95. The mean (range) age of the patients was 63 (38-75) years. All cancers on biopsy or transurethral resection were well or moderately differentiated; clinical stages included T1a (42% of cases), T1b (45%) and T2 (13%). Six patients had a nerve-sparing RP, all after 1990. The mean follow-up was 9.6 (1.0-28.5) years, and there were no recurrences of cancer; the serum prostate specific antigen concentration remained at < 0.2 ng/mL in surviving patients. Six patients (16%) died from intercurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of 'vanishing cancer' declined between 1966 and 1995, probably as a result of the decline in the use of transurethral resection, occurring in 0.2% of RPs. The prognosis in such patients is excellent, indicating that there is no apparent clinical significance to microscopic foci of cancer that remain undetected after reasonably complete pathological sampling. The inability to identify cancer in a prostate removed for biopsy-confirmed carcinoma does not indicate technical failure.     

Long-term followup of young patients with stage A adenocarcinoma of the prostate

A total of 23 men less than 60 years old with stage A adenocarcinoma of the prostate who were managed expectantly (that is untreated) and were at risk for 10 to 25 years form the basis of this study. The original amount of tissue obtained at transurethral resection, number of chips involved and examined, and tumor grade (Mayo grades 1 to 4) were recorded and compared in an in-depth analysis whereby the entire tissue removed was examined without knowledge of previous grading attempts. On the basis of volume estimation of the amount of cancer present 8 patients were reclassified as having stage A2 disease. Of these 8 patients 2 had disease progression and 1 died of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. At review 15 patients remained with stage A1 disease and 4 had disease progression (3 systemically and 1 locally) an average of 10.2 years after diagnosis. Because of longer life expectancy the young patient with stage A1 disease is at increased risk for local and/or systemic disease progression. Therefore, when incidental adenocarcinoma of the prostate is found in young patients consideration should be given to examination of all tissue resected, and to repeat transurethral resection and biopsy to ensure accurate staging. Lifelong careful followup is mandatory not only to detect local recurrence owing to heterogeneous adenocarcinoma of the prostate but also to detect a possible secondary clinical lesion.     

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of prostate: a case report and review of the literature

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is rare and its biological behavior is not well known. We report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate, which was treated successfully with castration. Positivity for prostatic specific antigen by immunohistochemistry confirmed the prostatic origin of this tumor. A review of the literature revealed 30 authentic cases. Prostatic mucinous adenocarcinoma has been said to be different clinically from ordinary prostatic adenocarcinoma. It is insensitive to hormonal therapy, rarely produces acid phosphatase and rarely metastasizes to the bone. However, our case, together with the frequent presence of coexisting acinar elements in mucinous adenocarcinoma, indicates no significant difference in the clinical behavior between mucinous and ordinary acinar carcinomas.     

Prostate mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell

Prostate mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell is a rare neoplasm with only 11 cases reported to date. We present the 12th case of prostate mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell. The case was detected incidentally as a result of a biopsy taken from a lesion in the prostatic urethra during a urethrocystoscopy of a 47-year-old male patient who underwent an internal urethrotomy operation due to urethrostenosis. Endoscopic examination showed a loose, spongy, gray-white structure covering the prostatic urethra, especially the right lobe of the prostate. The diagnosis resulting from the pathological examination of the biopsy was prostate mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell. A total of 50 Gy radiotherapy was applied to the patient. In the 27th month of follow-up after treatment, thoracoabdominal computed tomography, bone scintigraphy, and tumor markers (PSA, CEA and CA19-9) were found to be normal.     

膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺癌的诊断与治疗(附5例报告)

目的:提高膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺癌的诊治水平。方法:对5例膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺癌患者的临床资料进行分析。结果:5例患者平均年龄66.2岁,术前均经膀胱镜检查及活检病理证实为膀胱移行细胞癌(均为II至III级)。1例术前既往诊断为前列腺癌,4例术后病理证实为前列腺癌,前列腺癌Gleason分级4级至6级;2例行膀胱全切,输尿管皮肤造口术。1例行膀胱前列腺全切加回肠膀胱术。1例行径尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术,1例因身体原因仅行姑息性输尿管皮肤造口术。术后随访8个月至26个月。1例术后20个月后死于全身广泛转移;1例随访14个月带瘤存活;余3例经胸片、CT、同位素和PSA等检查未见肿瘤复发或转移。结论:膀胱癌患者,如合并的前列腺癌,如果重视不够容易被漏诊。血清PSA测定、前列腺直肠指诊、经直肠前列腺B超检查、活检及膀胱镜检查是诊断膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺腺癌的主要方法,当诊断膀胱癌同时存在局限性前列腺癌时,治疗方案应根据膀胱癌和前列腺癌的分期、分级综合而定。膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺癌并不提示预后不良。     

Evaluation of radiological and pathological prognostic factors in surgically-treated patients with bronchoalveolar carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma has increased in recent years. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate radiological and pathological factors affecting survival in patients with bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC) or BAC associated with adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical treatment. METHODS: From May 1988 to September 1999, 49 patients with BAC or BAC and adenocarcinoma underwent surgical treatment. Complete resection was performed in 42 patients. In these patients the impact of the following factors on survival was evaluated: stage, TNM status, radiological and pathological findings (percentage of bronchoalveolar carcinoma in the tumour, presence or absence of sclerosing and mucinous patterns, vascular invasion and lymphocytic infiltration). RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were male and 20 female. Mean age was 63 years. Five-year survival was 54%. Univariate analysis of the patients who underwent complete resection demonstrated a favourable impact on survival in stages Ia and Ib (P = 0.01) and in the absence of nodal involvement (P = 0.02) and mucinous patterns (P = 0.02). Mucinous pattern was also prognostically relevant at multivariate analysis (P = 0.02). In the 27 patients with stage Ia and Ib disease, univariate analysis demonstrated that the absence of mucinous pattern (P = 0.006) and a higher percentage of BAC (P = 0.01) favourably influenced survival. The latter data were also confirmed by multivariate analysis (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of early-stage BAC and combined BAC and adenocarcinoma is associated with favourable results. However, the definition of prognostic factors is of utmost importance to improve the results of the treatment. In our series tumours of the mucinous subtype and with a lower percentage of BAC had a worse prognosis.     

Mucinous breast carcinoma: a large contemporary series

BACKGROUND: Mucinous breast cancer is typically associated with a favorable prognosis. This study aimed to assess recent trends and prognostic features in the treatment of mucinous breast carcinoma. METHODS: A retrospective review of our database of patients who presented with mucinous breast cancer was performed. We evaluated patient and tumor characteristics and examined the relationships between these factors and risk for locoregional recurrence. RESULTS: One hundred eleven patients with mucinous breast cancer were identified. Seventy-one (64%) underwent lumpectomy with radiotherapy. Fourteen (13%) had lymph node metastasis, and node positivity was associated with larger tumor size; node-positive patients had a mean tumor size of 2.7 cm compared with 1.5 cm for node-negative patients (P = .0003). No patients with tumor size <1 cm had lymph node metastasis. Five patients (5%) had local and/or distant recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Mucinous breast cancer is associated with a low recurrence rate as well as a low incidence of lymph node metastasis. In patients with small (<1 cm) tumors, consideration for deferring nodal evaluation may be made.