直接PCI治疗高龄急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死

目的评价高龄急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗的安全性和有效性。方法对比分析46例高龄STEMI患者（高龄组）和64例年轻STEMI患者（年轻组）冠状动脉造影特征、直接PCI治疗的情况．即刻手术成功率、住院及随访期间主要心血管事件的发生情况。结果高龄组与年轻组比较,冠状动脉病变多为多支病变（73．9％比28．1％,P〈0．01）;2组手术即刻成功率无明显差异;2组术后达到心肌梗塞溶栓（thrombolysis inmyoxardial infarction,TIMI）3级血流患者比率无明显差异;高龄组手术操作时间较年轻组长[（64．4±25．4）min比（49．7±21．8）min,P〈0．05];高龄组住院期间、随访期间累计总的主要心血管事件发生率明显高于年轻组。随访期间,高龄组1例术后4个月猝死,死亡原因不明,1例术后1年死于脑出血：年轻组无死亡病例。结论对高龄STEMI患者行直接PCI治疗是比较安全而有效的再灌注手段。     

不同临床途径直接冠状动脉介入治疗对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死预后的影响

目的:比较急诊室-导管室与急诊室-CCU(病房)-导管室这2种临床途径直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者住院期和远期预后的影响。方法:分析12 h内接受直接PCI治疗的连续228例STEMI患者冠状动脉病变及干预情况,记录手术成功率、平均住院日、院内死亡率及随访期间终点事件发生率,并多因素回归分析心血管事件相关危险因素。结果:急诊室-导管室组(甲组)与急诊室-CCU-导管室组(乙组)临床特征、冠状动脉病变、PCI成功率及平均住院日相似。与乙组相比,甲组的就诊-球囊时间延迟缩短(P<0.01),住院期和随访期(32.3个月)死亡率及复合终点事件发生率显著减低(均P<0.05)。多因素回归分析表明,就诊-球囊时间(OR=1.01,P<0.05)和年龄(OR=1.06,P<0.05)与心血管事件发生率显著相关。结论:STEMI患者到达急诊室后,直接送导管室行PCI治疗可显著缩短就诊-球囊时间延迟,改善近期和远期临床预后。     

国产替罗非班在高龄急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入治疗中的应用

目的评价高龄(≥70岁)非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用国产血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班的安全性和近期疗效。方法108例行PCI的非ST段抬高ACS患者按年龄分为高龄组(≥70岁,42例)和非高龄组(<70岁,66例),分析两组基础资料特征、即刻手术成功率、出血和血小板减少发生率;观察住院和随访30天期间不良心血管事件(再发心绞痛、心肌梗死、心力衰竭及猝死)。结果高龄组甘油三酯、脂蛋白a高于非高龄组,体重指数和吸烟比例低于非高龄组(P均<0.05);高龄组多支病变比例高于非高龄组(71%比39%,P<0.01);两组PCI即刻成功率均为100%。高龄组发生小出血5例、血小板减少6例;非高龄组小出血2例,血小板减少2例;两组均无大出血发生。高龄组血小板减少及总副反应发生率高于非高龄组(P均<0.05),小出血发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高龄组住院和随访期间再发心绞痛5例、心肌梗死1例、心力衰竭2例、猝死0例;非高龄组再发心绞痛7例、心力衰竭1例,无心肌梗死和猝死。两组间复合心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高龄非ST段抬高ACS患者PCI中应用国产替罗非班是安全的。     

80岁以上急性心肌梗死患者的急诊冠状动脉介入治疗

目的　评价高龄 (≥ 80岁 )急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)的安全性和近、中期疗效。方法　 1999年 9月至 2 0 0 3年 10月收治的行急诊PCI(<12h)的AMI患者中≥80岁的 2 1例 (高龄组 )和 <6 0岁的 37例 (年轻组 ) ,分析两组基础资料特征、即刻手术成功率和随访期间主要不良心血管事件 (复发性心绞痛、心肌梗死及猝死 )发生率的差异。结果　高龄组心力衰竭及多支病变比例高于年轻组 (分别为 71%vs 16 %和 81%vs35 % ,P均 <0 0 5 ) ,高龄组入院至梗死相关动脉开通时间长于年轻组 [(6 3 6± 17 0 )minvs (5 5 3± 13 0 )min ,P <0 0 5 ]。两组患者急诊PCI成功率均为 10 0 %。住院期间死亡高龄组 2例 ,年轻组 0例。随访 4个月至 4年 ,高龄组发生心绞痛 3例、心肌梗死 2例、猝死 0例 (共占 2 4 % ) ;年轻组发生心绞痛 3例、心肌梗死 0例、猝死 0例 (总计 8% ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　高龄AMI患者急诊PCI成功率高 ,入院至梗死相关动脉开通时间延长 ,围手术期死亡和近、中期主要不良心血管事件发生率较高。     

173例高龄冠心病患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的临床疗效观察

目的评价高龄冠心病(CAD)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性、临床疗效。方法回顾分析我院CAD年龄≥70岁173例(高龄组)和年龄<70岁134例(非高龄组)行PCI患者的临床病变特点、手术成功率、手术并发症、近中期临床疗效。结果高龄组行PCI的总成功率与非高龄组比较差异无显著性(99%vs 98%,P>0.05);高龄组死亡率(0.00%)与非高龄组死亡率(1.49%)比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),两组间冠状动脉、外周血管并发症无明显差异;高龄组冠状动脉病变较非高龄组重,支架置入率高于非高龄组(92.6%vs 90.1%)。随访24月,两组间恶性心脏事件发生率无明显差异。结论高龄CAD患者行PCI是安全的,其手术成功率、围手术期死亡率、并发症及近中期疗效与非高龄患者比较无差异。PCI同样是高龄冠心病患者治疗的一种理想选择。     

冠状动脉内逆向溶栓在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接介入治疗术后1年随访

目的探讨冠状动脉内经微导管注射尿激酶逆向溶栓在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者直接PCI术后1年临床随访。方法连续入选2014年1月~2015年3月确诊的急性STEMI并行直接PCI患者92例,随机分为冠状动脉内经微导管注射尿激酶逆向溶栓组(逆向溶栓组)46例和血栓抽吸组46例。主要终点为直接PCI术后1年的主要不良心血管事件和左心室射血分数。结果逆向溶栓组PCI术后1年的主要不良心血管事件复合终点发生率显著低于血栓抽吸组(6.5%vs 21.7%,P=0.036),左心室射血分数显著高于血栓抽吸组,差异有统计学意义[(54.2±6.5)%vs(50.6±8.0)%,P=0.027]。逆向溶栓组心源性死亡及严重心力衰竭发生率低于血栓抽吸组,但2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 STEMI患者直接PCI术中冠状动脉内经微导管逆向溶栓较血栓抽吸术可降低患者1年后主要不良心血管事件的发生,改善左心室收缩功能。     

并发左前降支近段病变的多支血管病变患者冠状动脉介入效果评估

目的 :探讨并发左前降支近段病变的多支血管病变患者冠状动脉介入术 (PCI)的安全性及远期效果。方法 :回顾性分析 6 2例行PCI的多支血管病变患者手术成功率、并发症发生率、住院期间及远期随访期主要心血管事件发生率、再次血运重建术发生率。比较并发左前降支近段病变患者 (A组 )与未并发者 (B组 )PCI的安全性及远期效果。结果 :A组患者PCI成功率及围手术期并发症发生率与B组相比无明显差异 ,远期随访主要心血管事件发生率及再次血运重建术发生率亦无明显差异。结论 :PCI是并发左前降支近段病变的多支血管病变患者安全、有效的血运重建方法     

高龄急性心肌梗死患者直接PCI治疗的安全性及近期疗效分析

目的探讨高龄(75岁以上)急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行直接冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性及住院期间的预后。方法将连续247名接受直接PCI治疗的ST段抬高的AMI患者分为3组:≥75岁为高龄组(研究组,63例),65～74岁(老年组,80例)及<65岁(低龄组,104例)患者为对照组,比较高龄组及两个对照组患者接受直接PCI治疗的安全性及住院期间的预后。结果高龄组患者的外周血管严重病变、冠状动脉多支病变及钙化弥漫性病变多于两个对照组,但三组PCI治疗的成功率相当(分别为90.5%、93.8%和95.2%,P>0.05);高龄组患者PCI后24h内肾功能恶化的发生率显著高于对照组;高龄组患者住院期间严重心血管事件(死亡、再梗死)的发生率较高(分别为12.7%、7.5%、2.9%,P=0.02)。大出血发生率差异无统计学意义。结论ST段抬高的高龄AMI患者直接行PCI治疗安全可行;但近期疗效略逊于低龄患者。     

高龄女性冠心病患者冠状动脉造影特点及介入治疗的疗效

目的:探讨高龄女性冠心病患者的冠状动脉造影介入治疗特点及近远期的疗效。方法:在2004年1月~2006年3月行冠状动脉介入治疗的患者中,入选183例女性患者,根据年龄分为高龄女性组(年龄≥75岁,48例)和非高龄女性组(年龄<75岁,135例),同时入选同期77例高龄男性组患者作为对照。回顾性分析这些患者的临床及冠状动脉病变特点、即刻手术成功率和近远期主要心脏不良事件。结果:与非高龄女性组相比,高龄女性组表现为更多的危险因素及基础疾病丛集(P<0.05),多见冠状动脉多支病变及复杂病变(P<0.01),住院期间及远期随访严重心脏不良事件发生率高。与高龄男性组相比,高龄女性也表现为更多的危险因素及基础疾病丛集(P<0.05),尽管冠状动脉病变分布及严重程度相似(P>0.05),但住院期间及远期随访严重心脏不良事件发生率高(P<0.05)。高龄女性与高龄男性患者的总病死率差异无统计学意义,在校正了基线特征后,女性患者的危险降低(OR=0.82,95%CI0.675~0.989,P<0.05)。结论:高龄女性冠心病患者常伴有多种危险因素及基础疾病,冠状动脉病变严重复杂,近远期主要心脏不良事件发生率高,总病死率与高龄男性患者差异无统计学意义。     

高龄急性心肌梗死患者临床特征及直接冠状动脉介入治疗的疗效评价

目的分析高龄ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者临床特征及评价直接冠状动脉介入治疗（直接PCI）的疗效。方法选择直接行PCI治疗STEM／患者121例，75岁以上47例为高龄组，同期60-74岁74例为对照组。观察两组患者临床特征、直接PCI术成功率、心电图ST段回落、心绞痛改善、住院期间主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生率。结果高龄组、对照组直接PCI术后即刻成功率分别为97．87％、97．30％，术后2h心电图ST段回落≥150％分别为78．72％、72．92％，术后心绞痛明显改善率分别为88．11％、86．49％，住院期间MACE发生率分别为2．12％、2．70％；两组以上观察指标比较差异无统计学意义。结论STEMA急性闭塞病变行直接PCI治疗时植入支架近期临床疗效显著，且成功率及安全性均较高。     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Grading the angiographic extent of collateral filling

Angiography frequently demonstrates a collateral circulation in severe coronary artery disease. An easily applicable method to quantify collateral flow might be a useful adjunct for the assessment of the hemodynamic effects of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to validate a visual scaling of the extent of angiographic collateral filling by comparison with flowmeter- and microsphere-derived measurements of collateral flow. In 12 open-chest dogs, collaterals from the circumflex artery were angiographically visualized (n = 80) by creating acute critical left anterior descending artery occlusion. The extent of collateral filling was graded in four levels from 0 = no visible filling to 3 = complete epicardial filling. Collateral filling correlated with the change in flow of the collateral supplying circumflex artery (Q; r = 0.84) which was + 5.3 ±4.6% with grade 1, + 9.1 ±3.5% with grade 2 and + 14.6 ±4.7% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). In parallel, coronary flow reserve decreased from 4.1 ±0.8 with grade 0 to 2.9 ±0.2 with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Colored microspheres were injected subselectively into the circumflex artery of 9 dogs (45 injections). The ratio of microspheres counted in the collateralized myocardium of the left anterior descending artery to the total number injected increased from 0.6 ±0.9% for grade 0 to 17.1 ±2.8% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Absolute collateral flow derived from microsphere counts averaged 5.5 ±0.9 ml/min with grade 3 and closely correlated with collateral filling grade (r = 0.88). Semiquantitative grading of angiographic collateral filling in response to acute coronary occlusion in a canine model correlates with an increase in collateral source artery flow, absolute collateral flow and a decrease in source artery flow reserve. These data suggest that this scale might be a simple but useful adjunct tool to assess the hemodynamic significance of a collateral circulation.This work was supported by a grant from the NLHBI 1 R01 HL40865. Dr. Schuhlen is the recipient of a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (#Schu657/1-1 and 1–2).     

Embolization complicating coronary angioplasty in the presence of an intracoronary thrombus

Two cases of coronary occlusion and subsequent embolization during percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are described. Prior to PTCA, angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus was present. Abrupt reclosure after dilation was treated by successful redilation. However, coronary embolization of thrombus debris occurred downstream in one patient and into an adjacent coronary branch in the second patient.     

非罪犯冠脉斑块研究的进展

加强冠心病的二级预防是目前防控急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的重要手段。本文对ACS与非罪犯冠脉斑块的关系作了综述。     

LAD-right ventricular fistula complicating PTCA: Another case

Coronary perforation caused by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) occurs rarely and most often leads to communication to the pericardial space. We report a case where PTCA caused a coronary artery rupture and fistulization to the right ventricular outflow tract. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:34–36, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Treatment of ruptured coronary aneurysm with a novel covered stent

Coronary artery aneurysms are relatively rare but have been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary arteriography. Their reported incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA), accounting for over 40% of all cases. The most common etiology amongst adults remains atherosclerosis accounting for 50% of coronary aneurysms. We describe the first use of a novel flexible pericardium covered stent for successful treatment of a ruptured coronary aneurysm in 76 year old lady. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Techniques for palmaz-schatz stent deployment in lesions with a large side branch

Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent implantation in lesions with a large side branch are reported. The first case describes how to manage plaque shifting after stent implantation. The second and third cases demonstrate a kissing balloon predilatation and stent dilatation technique of a bifurcational lesion. The final case demonstrates a stent implantation technique through the stent struts of a previously deployed stent.     

Is short-stay coronary angioplasty safe?

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is usually performed as an inpatient procedure and the patients are monitored for several days afterward. Over a 13-month period, in 91 of 373 PTCA procedures, the clinical condition of the patient did not necessitate inpatient status before PTCA. PTCA was done the day of admission and discharge planned the following. Overall hospital stay was planned as less than 24 hours. PTCA was done in one vessel in 62 patients, two vessels in 24, three vessels in 3, and four vessels in 2 patients. PTCA was initially successful (less than 50% residual stenosis) in 85 patients (93%). In one of these, acute occlusion occurred the next morning and urgent bypass surgery was done. PTCA failed in 6 patients who left the catheterization laboratory with unchanged coronary anatomy. Bypass surgery was performed that day in 2 patients, on another admission in 1 patient, and medical therapy continued in the other 3 patients. Of the 88 patients not receiving same admission bypass surgery, 84 (95%) were discharged in less than 24 h. Hospitalization was prolonged (1-5 days) in 4 patients. This was because of nonobstructive dissection treated with heparin for approximately 24 h in 2 patients; a catheterization site hematoma in 1 patient, and post-PTCA noncardiac chest pain in another. No patient had inhospital myocardial infarction or death. The only late complication was in a patient treated with heparin and monitored for 2 days; 3 weeks later angina returned and he died suddenly. These data suggest PTCA can safely be done in selected patients with both single and multivessel disease in a short stay inhospital setting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: A potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study.     

Coronary arteriovenous-arterial fistula

A case of multiple arteriovenous fistulae is described in an adult with coronary artery disease. One of these fistulae drained into the anterior interventricular vein, which in turn communicated with and perfused an obstructed left anterior descending coronary artery.