儿科医务人员手机污染现状及消毒效果研究

目的了解分析医务人员手机污染情况,寻找有效的消毒方法。方法对儿科60名医务人员的手机消毒前后细菌学检测进行对比分析。结果医务人员手机细菌污染严重,但消毒效果较为理想。结论医务人员手机细菌污染严重,存在一定的感染隐患,应加强医务人员洗手意识,使用一次性塑料手套包裹手机并对手机定期清洁消毒,防止医院感染的发生,     

各级医院牙科手机消毒状况调查

牙科手机是口腔科临床最常用的器械,它在治疗过程中密切接触患者唾液、血液、龈沟液和牙菌斑.因此,污染程度较高.卫生部<医院消毒技术规范>中明确规定临床使用后的牙科手机必须经灭菌处理.为了解目前牙科手机在临床的消毒状况,我们随机对北京市30家医院消毒后的牙科手机进行检测.报告如下.     

浙江省某医院NICU医务人员手机卫生调查

目的 了解医院新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)工作人员手机的污染情况，探讨手机定期消毒频率对手机卫生的影响，为降低手机污染途径提供参考依据。方法 通过调查问卷了解医院NICU医务人员手机使用现况；采用无菌海绵棒对不同消毒频率的三组工作人员手机采样进行病原菌培养；通过χ²检验分析工作人员手机使用习惯对手机卫生的影响、不同消毒频率对手机卫生的影响。结果 本研究共计调查46名工作人员，调查对象全部使用触屏手机，97.83%的工作人员工作时有使用手机的现象，17.39%的人经常使用；13.04%的人在使用完手机后从不进行手卫生，仅有1人(2.17%)每次会进行手卫生；有69.57%的人手机定期清洁的频率为<1次/天；大部分工作人员手机清洁的方式采用一次性消毒湿巾；有15.22%的工作人员会对手机使用一次性保护套；对其中32名工作人员手机进行采样，抽样合格率为34.38%,未分离到致病菌。使用一次性保护套能较好的保持手机相对清洁；不同消毒频率手机卫生合格率比较差异无统计学意义。结论 定期对手机进行清洁消毒能够有效地降低手机表面细菌的定植，使用一次性保护套能较好的保持手机相对清洁。     

崇明县医院消毒质量调查

[目的]了解我县医院消毒质量,提高医院消毒水平,降低医源性感染。[方法]按GB15981-1995、GB15982-1995和GB18466-2001标准进行调查。[结果]消毒医疗用品细菌总数合格率为85．5％,灭菌医疗用品细菌总数合格率97.7％。使用中消毒液细菌总数合格率83．3％和其他物品合格率87．0％。[结论] 崇明县医院细菌污染较严重,二级医院消毒质量好于一级医院,消毒与灭菌质量有待进一步提高。     

徐州市五家医院消毒液中微生物污染情况分析

[目的]为了解我市医院正在使用的消毒剂微生物污染情况.[方法]采用卫生部1991年发布《消毒技术规范》的操作方法,以细菌总数》250 cfu/ml或检出霉菌为不合格.[结果]5家医院应用中的(0.5%强化戊二醛、0.1%过氧乙酸、0.5碘伏、0.1%新洁尔灭、75%乙醇)消毒液细菌总数超标率为3.6%～16.7%霉菌检出率为5.7%～12.5%,其主要污染原因与所用消毒液的时间过长,且反复使用有关.[结论]建议新配的消毒液要制定一定的使用时间,并要严格规定按时更换消毒液和认真清洗装消毒液的容器的制度,并要经常加强监督监测.     

医院备用供氧接口细菌污染调查

氧气吸入是临床上常用的治疗方法之一 ,在临床实际工作中 ,对使用中的鼻导管、氧气连接管和湿化瓶的消毒工作未引起足够的重视 ,备用中心供氧装置氧气接口处细菌污染状况往往被忽视。如不注意做好氧气接口处使用前后的消毒和备用状态的保洁工作 ,将是引起医院感染的环节之一。为了解氧气接口处的细菌污染情况 ,全面做好氧气吸入各环节的消毒工作 ,为临床提供控制医院感染的依据 ,对全院 15 5个氧气接口的细菌污染情况进行调查 ,并对污染情况采取了有效的预防对策。现报告如下 :全院 13个病区 (分内科片和外科片 )各病区备用中心供氧装置氧气…     

某高校计算机教室公用电脑鼠标细菌污染现状调查

目的了解某高校计算机教室公用电脑鼠标细菌污染情况,并观察不同方法的清洁消毒效果,提出最适宜的消毒时间间隔。方法分别用自来水、1:100的84消毒液、市售电脑清洁剂对某高校计算机教室60台公用电脑鼠标表面进行清洁消毒前后细菌污染和大肠菌群检测,随机分三组,每组20台。结果 60台电脑鼠标清洁消毒前细菌污染率为100%,平均菌落数为(70.35±8.07)cfu/cm2,大肠菌群检出率为33.3%,检出菌种有大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、霉菌等;1:100的84消毒液消毒后平均菌落数(3.50±1.88)cfu/cm2较消毒前(71.72±8.35)cfu/cm2显著减少(P=0.000),消毒后大肠菌群检出率(0.0%)较消毒前(30.0%)明显下降(P=0.020),1:100的84消毒液消毒效果最佳,优于其它两种方法。结论高校计算机教室公用电脑鼠标细菌污染严重,应建立电脑日常保洁制度,建议采用1:100的84消毒液每天擦拭鼠标等电脑部件。     

喉头喷雾器污染调查与消毒方法的研究

目的调查喉头喷雾器在不同科室的患者中使用后的污染状况,探讨理想的消毒方法以降低医院感染发生率。方法按《消毒技术规范》规定方法进行采样及消毒,比较5种方法的消毒效果。结果使用后的喷雾器存在严重的污染,有大量的细菌,除了有口咽部和鼻腔分布的正常菌群外,还有较多的致病菌;喉头喷雾器在胃镜室患者使用后较耳鼻喉科的患者使用后污染程度轻;5种方法消毒效果均较明显,酒精灯烧烤法、碘伏法、乙醇擦拭法与碘酒加乙醇法4种消毒方法之间（P〉0.05）,但均优于氧化电位水冲洗法差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论重视喉头喷雾器污染状况,并选用合适方法进行消毒,防止侵入性操作引起医源性医院感染的发生。     

移动电话卫生情况调查

目的:了解手机微生物的污染状况。方法:采用随机抽样和手机使用习惯、消毒情况问卷调查,共抽取100部正在使用的手机进行微生物情况调查,调查项目包括细菌总数、大肠菌群、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、霉菌。结果:菌落总数≥200 cfu/cm241件,大肠埃希氏菌10件,粪大肠9件,检出表皮葡萄球菌9株,金黄色葡萄球菌2株,乙型溶血性链球菌1株。结论:正在应用的移动通信设备(手机)存在微生物污染情况,应定期对移动通信设备进行消毒,或使用手机外套,对外套进行定期消毒。     

医院感染因素监测的探讨

1990～1991年把本院可能成为医院感染的因素,如空气、物品与工作人员的手,在消毒前后的细菌指数作了监测研究。结果显示:院内空气、物品存在不同程度的污染,工作人员在工作期间手的消毒不彻底。检测结果还证实了我院使用的消毒剂和消毒方法有效。只有严格遵守消毒措施,加强监测管理,医院感染是可以预防和控制的。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.