颌面火器伤伴发颅脑伤临界条件的初步研究

用瑞典模型方法,选用平均射速1294.5m/s和864.4m/s,重1.03g的钢珠分别致伤两组18只狗颌面部,造成颌面部重型火器伤,伤后不同时间观察颌面伤情及颅脑损伤变化,探讨颌面部火器伤伴发颅脑损伤的临界条件。本实验模型方式致伤时,其临界致伤射速是864m/s,临界致伤能量是249J,提示颌面部重型火器伤救治中要注意颅脑的合并损伤。     

颌面部火器伤时是否存在颅脑损伤？

实验采用重1.03g,射速1300m/s和800m/s的钢珠弹分别致伤两组狗颌面部,造成颌面部重型火器伤,建立实验动物模型。颌面伤后即刻、6小时分别检查颌面损伤情况,并开颅检查颅脑变化,切取脑组织标本行组织学观察。实验发现,射速1300m/s钠珠致伤组,10只狗均有颅底点片状出血和脑挫伤等损伤表现,而射速800m/s致伤的8只狗中,仅一只有上述损伤现象,两组差异非常显著,提示颌面部高速投射伤时有明显的颅脑损伤。     

兔颌面部撞击伤后血中有自由基反应和一氧化氮含量变化

目的探讨不同伤情颌面部撞击伤后机体自由基反应的改变及一氧化氮与损伤的关系。方法采用水平气动式撞击机分别以(4.77±0.53)m/s、(9.16±0.65)m/s和(13.95±0.67)m/s对兔左侧面中部进行撞击(n=6),建立不同伤情的动物模型,观察致伤后动物的生命体征的变化,并于伤后6h观察伤区软组织、伤侧视神经、视网膜、脑组织、脑干病理病变,测定血中脂质过氧化物(LPO)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)含量,与正常组对照。结果伤后血中LPO、SOD含量明显升高,NO含量明显降低。结论颌面部撞击伤后,氧自由基及一氧化氮参与损伤反应,体内一氧化氮的生成受到抑制。     

一氧化氮在颌面部撞击伤中病理作用的实验研究

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (NO)在颌面部撞击伤中的作用及机制。方法　用撞击机以 4 77± 0 5 3,9.16± 0 6 5和 13 95± 0 6 7m/s撞击兔左侧面中部 (n =6 ) ,建立动物模型。伤后 6h观察伤区软组织、脑及脑干病理改变 ,测定软组织、脑与血中NO含量及脑含水量 ,与正常组对照。结果　伤后 6h血中NO含量明显降低 ,软组织和脑组织中NO含量及脑含水量均显著升高 (P <0 0 1)。结论　伤后血中NO生成受到抑制 ,但局部NO的生成与组织损伤程度一致 ,说明NO参与损伤过程 ,它可能是参与损伤的重要物质。     

颌面部火器伤伴发颅脑损伤病理特点及临床意义

狗12只(正常对照2只),用重1.03g、射速1300m/s钢珠致伤颌面部、造成重型颌面部火器伤,伤后即时、6小时分别开颅,检查颅脑损伤情况,切取脑组织标本行光、电镜观察。实验发现颌面部重型火器伤时伴有颅脑损伤,病理特点为颅脑区域性出血及脑挫伤,组织学观察神经组织主要为细胞、髓鞘的变性改变,提示临床处理中应注意颅脑并发症。     

犬颌面部爆炸伤合并颅脑损伤的生物力学研究

目的：研究颌面部爆炸伤合并颅脑损伤的特点及与生物力学参数的关系。方法：将1．0gTNT当量的球型爆炸源置于不同部位,对犬的颌面部引爆致伤,记录并采集致伤过程中的生物力学数据,采用SPSS10．0统计软件包．对数据进行t检验。结果：由于球型爆炸源在面部不同部位引爆,各组间的应力、加速度、应变的测量结果有显著性差异（P〈0.05或〈0．01）,而且颌面部与颅脑伤情也完全不同。结论：冲击波压力、颅颌骨冲击加速度及颅颌骨应变,是颌面部爆炸伤合并颅脑损伤致伤效应的重要生物力学参数。     

颌面部火器伤时冲击波远达效应远隔脏器损伤的实验观察

用重1.03g,初速1300m/s和800m/s的钢珠分别致伤狗颌面部,伤后即时、6小时检查心、肺、肝、肾等远隔脏器的损伤变化,发现1300m/s射速致伤组,动物远隔脏器损伤发生率达42.6％,而800m/s致伤组,损伤发生率仅达14.5％,两者差异非常显著,损伤特点是脏器的点片状出血。这一结果提示,颌面部高速投射伤时可能存在多脏器的远隔损伤,虽然各主要脏器的损伤并不严重,但它可能是颌面部重型火器伤时发生严重并发症的病理基础。     

颅脑损伤合并口腔颌面部损伤及漏诊分析

口腔颌面部居头颅的下三分之二 ,颅脑损伤时亦常波及口腔颌面部。我院 1 996～ 1 999年收治的各类颅脑损伤 1 68例 ,其中合并口腔颌面部损伤 56例占三分之一 ,初诊漏诊 6例 (约 1 0 % )。临床资料表 1　口腔颌部损伤的性别年龄分布性别 10岁以下 10～ 2 0 2 1～3031～5 0(岁 )合计男 3 82 7 7 45女 2 6 3 11合计 3 10 33 10 5 6表 2　口腔颌面部损伤的诊断和原因诊断例数原因例数软组织挫裂伤 40交通事故 30上下颌骨、颧骨骨折 4劳动致伤 11上颌骨骨折 3打架斗殴 10下颌骨骨折 4跌　伤 3牙折及牙龈撕裂伤 3爆炸伤 2爆炸伤合并下颌骨骨折 2讨…     

犬颌面部致伤瞬间脑内压力变化研究

实验采用瑞典创伤模型方法建立动物模型。用重1.03g,射速800～850m/s和1350～1400m/s的钢珠致伤犬和离体犬头。造成重型颌面伤,记录致伤瞬间脑内压力变化,通过致伤射速和致伤点距颅脑的距离与脑内压力变化的关系研究颤面部高速投射伤伴发颅脑损伤的机理。实验结果证实,颌面部高速投射伤时瞬时空腔效应、冲击波效应造成的脑内压力变化是伴发颅脑损伤的重要原因。文中还对相关的临床意义进行了讨论。     

颌面部爆炸伤合并颅脑损伤动物模型的建立

目的 :建立颌面部爆炸伤合并颅脑损伤动物模型。方法 :将 0 .12 5gTNT当量的球型爆炸源置于不同距离对兔的颌面部引爆致伤 ,观察致伤效果。结果 :由于球型爆炸源在面部不同部位距不同距离引爆 ,各组间的应力测量结果有显著性差异 ,而且颌面部与颅脑伤情也完全不同。结论 :使用本模型可以复制出不同程度的颌面部爆炸伤合并颅脑损伤的伤情 ,是一种较理想的标准动物模型     

氯胺酮治疗颌面部撞击致颅脑损伤的动物实验研究

探索临床应用氯胺酮对颌面部撞击致颅脑损伤早期治疗的可能性。方法采用落体撞击大鼠颌面部发生中等程度的创伤性损伤动物模型,给予氯胺酮进行早期药物治疗,观察大鼠神经功能的恢复时间。     

Biomechanical changes in the head associated with penetrating injuries of the maxilla and mandible: an experimental investigation.

PURPOSE: In this experiment, we studied the craniocerebral injury that occurs due to the transmission of forces when maxillofacial gunshot wounds are sustained by the facial bones and cranium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty fresh pigs' heads were wounded by one of the following methods: steel spheres weighing 1.03 g at an impact velocity of 1,400 m/s, steel spheres weighing 1.03 g at an impact velocity of 800 m/s, M193 military bullets, or M56 military bullets. Pressure waves in the brain, acceleration of the head, and stress changes in the facial bones and cranium at the moment of the impact were recorded by pressure and acceleration transducers and strain gauges and were statistically compared. RESULTS: Some obvious differences between the mechanical values obtained from high-and low-velocity missile wounds were found. A negative relationship between the peak value of the pressure wave in the brain and the distance from the point of impact to the transducer was obtained. The acceleration of the head in the direction of the ballistic path was the strongest in absolute value. There were differences in the stress values between the mandible and the temporal bone. CONCLUSIONS: Acceleration of the head, pressure wave changes in the brain, and injury from bony stress conduction all play important roles in associated craniocerebral damage after maxillofacial firearm wounds.     

不同种类高速投射物颌面损伤特点的实验研究

选用７．６２ｍｍ,５．５６ｍｍ弹丸,射速为１３００－１４００ｍ／ｓ的１．０３ｇ钢球和１．０ｇ钢球和１．０ｇ炮弹破片分别致伤肥皂靶、离体猪头和活体犬下颌骨区,观察４种高速投资射物致伤时的瞬时空脸形态和颌面伤情切取犬面部伤道周围肌组织行光镜、透射电观察,发现在同种类高速投射物致作形成不同的瞬时空腔,颌面部致伤时有着没的损伤特点。文中对凳面部的创伤弹道学特点和不同种类高速投射物颌面损伤特点的差异进行了讨     

Indirect testimony of stress conduction from mandible to skull in maxillofacial trauma: morphological changes of temporomandibular joint disc]

There were cerebral injuries accompanied in maxillofacial high velocity projectile wound.Owing to the special anatomic relationship between skull and facial bones,the stress conduction of bone was an important factor of cerebral injury in maxillofacial wound.In this experiment,the canine mandibular regions were wounded by steel spheres,which weight 1.03g,impacting velocity at 1400m/s,to produce severely maxillofacial firearm wounds.The morphological and pathological changes of temporomandibular joint disc of wounded side were observed with light and electron microscopes.The microscopic injuries of disc,including arrangement disorder of figre,spotty edema and some fibrous dissolution,etc,were found.These results have provided an indirect evidence of injurous mechanism of the cerebral injury accompaning maxillofacial high enery misslle wound.     

Mandibular kinematics associated with simulated low-velocity rear-end impacts

Rear-end-impact motor vehicle accidents may result in cervical and temporomandibular-related pain complaints. Head kimematics in simulated low-impact rear-end impacts have been investigated but mandibular kinematics have not been described. Thirty healthy adult subjects underwent three impacts (4.5 m s(-2) expected, 10.0 m s(-2) unexpected, and 10.0 m s(-2) expected). Onset time and peak magnitude of angular head acceleration, angular mandibular acceleration and angular mandibular displacement were measured. Significant mandibular opening acceleration was not identified with rearward head rotation. The peak magnitude of mandibular closing angular acceleration approximately doubled with increased impact magnitude. No differences in peak angular mandibular acceleration regarding expectation were identified. Gender differences were detected in the fast unexpected impact. The peak time for the angular mandibular acceleration (mandibular closure) was approximately 84-120 ms later than peak rearward angular head acceleration for all impacts. Onset and peak times for angular mandibular acceleration (mandibular closure) were similar to the onset and peak times for forward head acceleration. There was also a positive correlation between the magnitude of the forward angular acceleration of the head and angular acceleration of the mandible for the slow (0.65, P = 0.015) and fast expected (0.844, P = 0.001) impacts. The average angular mandibular angular displacement (mandibular closure) was approximately 6 degrees . The hyperextension hypothesis regarding mechanism of temporomandibular joint injury in low-impact rear-end collisions cannot be supported.     

颌面部损伤——附284例临床分析

对２８４例面部损的伤的伤员，就其致伤原因，颌面部软、硬组织损伤和异物存留的特点及主要的并发症等进行临床分析，并在急救和处理体会方面也进行了和讨论。     

多功能生物撞击机的研制

目的 :研制多功能撞击实验设备 ,为战创伤提供研究手段。方法 :该系统由撞击致伤系统、激光测速装置、激发装置、可调载物台、以及测试系统等组成 ,采用高压氮气驱动。结果 :成功制造出新型多功能生物撞击实验机。该系统具有撞击和发射投射物两种功能 ,撞击速度可实现 3～ 40m/s ,且连续可调 ;可模拟发射弹速 30 0～ 15 0 0m /s的投射物损伤 ,且连续可调。信号测试记录系统可对多路力学信号进行精确记录分析。结论 :该系统经过动物测试实验 ,性能稳定 ,可满足模拟撞击伤和投射物损伤的研究 ,具有良好的操作性和可重复性