杨梅素固体分散体的制备以及体外溶出试验

目的运用固体分散技术制备杨梅素固体分散体并提高其体外溶出速率。方法选用PEG6000和PVPK30为载体,采用溶剂法和溶剂-熔融法制备杨梅素固体分散体,采用紫外分光光度法进行含量测定,并进行溶解度、体外溶出试验。结果两种载体的固体分散体均能增加药物的溶解度和溶出速率,杨梅素在载体中以高度分散状态存在。结论以PVPK30为载体的杨梅素固体分散体体外溶解度和溶出速率明显提高。杨梅素固体分散体能显著提高杨梅素的溶出速率。     

洛伐他汀固体分散体的制备及体外溶出特性比较

目的：利用固体分散技术制备洛伐他汀固体分散体，增加其溶出速率。方法：以不同比例的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVPk-30）、聚乙二醇6000（PEG6000）为载体，采用溶剂法和熔融法制成洛伐他汀固体分散体，测定其溶出速率，并采用差示扫描量热（DSC）法、显微照相技术鉴别药物在固体分散体中的存在状态。结果：两种固体分散体均能提高洛伐他汀溶出速率，在药物载体比例大于1：5时效果较好；洛伐他汀固体分散体中晶型消失，分散在载体中。载体为PVPK30所制固体分散体的溶出速率总体优于载体PEG6000。结论：固体分散体能加速洛伐他汀溶出速率。     

尼群地平固体分散体的休外溶出特性

目的：制备尼群地平固体分散体,增加其溶解度和溶出速度。方法：以聚乙二醇6000（PEG6000）、聚乙二醇4000（PEG4000）、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVPk30)为载体,以溶剂－熔融法和共沉淀法制备尼群地平固体分散体。应用差热分析鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态,同时进行溶解测定和溶出度研究。结果：尼群地平与载体形成了共熔物,药物以微细结晶存在于载体中,载体比例越大,药物溶出越快,溶解度越大,结论：尼群地平与3种载体形成的固体散全在水中的溶解度均有显著增加（P＜0．05）。当尼群地平－载体比例达1：4时,尼群地平从固体分散体中的溶出速度明显大于尼群地平纯药和尼发群地平－载体（1：8）物理混合物（P＜0．05）。3种载体中以PVPK30对尼群地平的溶解度及溶出速度增加最为显著。     

索法酮固体分散体的制备及体外溶出特性

目的:制备索法酮固体分散体并考查其体外溶出特性.方法:以PEG 2000、PEG 4000和PEG 6000为载体,采用熔融法制备固体分散体,与物理混合物比较体外溶出度.结果:PEG 4000和PEG 6000制得的固体分散体的体外溶出度高于PEG 2000,均高于物理混合物.载体比例越大,体外溶出越快.结论:以PEG为载体,采用熔融法可制得体外溶出较快的索法酮固体分散体.     

环孢素固体分散体的制备及溶出研究

目的: 提高难溶性药物环孢素(CsA)的溶出速率.方法: 选择聚乙二醇(PEG4000)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK30)两种载体,分别以溶剂熔融法和溶剂法制备CsA固体分散体;建立HPLC法检测固体分散体的体外溶出度,并考察不同载体、不同比例及溶出介质、桨法转速对CsA溶出速率的影响.对溶出度结果用Weibull分布模型进行拟合,计算体外溶出参数T50和Td,并进行方差分析.结果: 使用HPLC法测定CsA的体外溶出量准确、稳定、可靠、载体无干扰.制备成的固体分散体能显著提高CsA的体外溶出速率,PVPK30载体的固体分散体的溶出速率明显快于PEG4000载体的固体分散体.溶出介质对药物溶出没有明显影响.结论: CsA: PVPK30为1: 6的固体分散体具有良好的体外速释作用.     

蛇床子素固体分散体的制备及体外溶出考察

利用不同方法制备蛇床子素固体分散体并通过紫外分光光度法测定其体外溶出情况。结果表明,以泊洛沙姆188为载体,熔融法制得的固体分散体在120min内累计百分溶出率达到95%以上,提示该法可以达到显著改善药物体外溶出作用。     

缬沙坦固体分散体的制备及体外溶出度研究

目的采用冷冻干燥法制备缬沙坦（Valsartan）速释固体分散体（SD）来提高其体外溶出度。方法分别以羟丙甲基纤维素（HPMC）、聚乙二醇6000（PEG6000）、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮k30（PVPk30）为载体,十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）为表面活性剂来制备不同比例的缬沙坦固体分散体,通过测定体外溶出度,来选择最优辅料及比例,结果当以PEG6000载体,SDS为表面活性剂时,且药物：PEG6000：SDS=1：5：1％时药物呈现了很好的水溶性。结论在5min时即可溶出90％以上,很大程度上提高了缬沙坦的体外溶出度。     

托伐普坦固体分散体的制备及体外溶出特性考察

目的 采用固体分散技术提高难溶性药物托伐普坦的体外溶出度。方法 选用聚维酮K_29/32为载体材料,以溶剂蒸发法制备托伐普坦固体分散体。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X-射线粉末衍射法(XRPD)对所得固体分散体进行鉴定, 并进行溶解度、体外溶出实验。结果 固体分散体的DSC 图谱及X-射线粉末衍射确定了托伐普坦以无定形态分散在载体中, 体外溶解实验表明其溶出较原料药、物理混合物均有明显提高。结论 将托伐普坦与PVP K_29/32制成固体分散体,其分散状态发生了改变,溶出性能明显提高。     

马来酸罗格列酮固体分散体及其溶出速率

目的提高难溶性药物马来酸罗格列酮的体外溶出速率 ,满足脉冲制剂的设计要求。方法选用PVPK3 0为载体 ,用溶剂法制备了马来酸罗格列酮固体分散体 ,比较考察了原料药及其物理混合物和固体分散体的溶出差别 ,并通过红外光谱及X 射线粉末衍射对固体分散体进行了鉴定。结果体外溶出结果表明固体分散体能显著增加药物在水中及人工肠液中的溶出速率 ;红外光谱分析结果表明药物与载体之间没有发生化学反应 ;X 射线粉末衍射图谱表明药物以无定形状态分散于载体PVPK3 0中。结论固体分散体体外溶出速率的提高可以满足脉冲制剂的设计要求。     

盐酸胺碘酮固体分散体的制备及溶出度测定

目的制备盐酸胺碘酮固体分散体,测定其体外溶出度,同时与普通胶囊剂的体外溶出度比较。方法以聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)为载体,溶剂熔融法制备盐酸胺碘酮固体分散体,用紫外分光光度法测定体外溶出度。结果盐酸胺碘酮固体分散体的体外溶出度比普通胶囊剂显著提高。结论成功制备了盐酸胺碘酮固体分散体。     

长春西汀固体分散体的制备及体外溶出特性

目的:制备长春西汀固体分散体,提高其溶出速度和程度。方法:以泊洛沙姆188(F68)为载体,用溶剂-熔融法制备固体分散体;差热分析、X-射线粉末衍射分析以鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态;并考察载体的用量、溶出介质和转速对药物体外溶出特性的影响。结果:长春西汀的固体分散体中药物部分以分子状态分散,部分以微晶分散。固体分散体VIN-F68(1∶6,w/w)的溶出参数t50t、d与相应物理混合物、原料药粉末和市售片剂间差异存在显著性(P<0.01),溶出介质和转速的选择对药物的溶出有一定影响。结论:长春西汀的固体分散体能显著提高药物的溶出速度和程度。     

Quercetin-phospholipids complex solid dispersion and quercetin solid dispersion: preparation and evaluation

Quercetin (QUE) has many beneficial biological activities and pharmacological actions in vitro. However, its oral bioavailability in vivo was very poor due to poor solubility, and severely restricted its clinical applications. In this study, we preparedquercetin solid dispersion (QUE-SD) and quercetin phospholipids complex solid dispersion (QUE-PC-SD) by a solvent evaporationmethod to improve the absorption of QUE in vivo. The results of XRD of QUE-SD and QUE-PC-SD showed that QUE was dispersed homogeneously in an amorphous or molecular state in QUE-SD and QUE-PC-SD, which could contribute to improve the solubility and dissolution of QUE. The solubility of QUE-SD and QUE-PC-SD was enhanced from (4.03±0.02) μg/mL to (26.91±0.06) μg/mL and (30.65±0.06) μg/mL, respectively. The solubility of QUE-PC-SD was higher than that of QUE-SD.In vitro dissolution study, it was showed that the maximum dissolution of QUE (9.57%) from the QUE-SD and QUE-PC-SD was enhanced to 93.81% and 94.16%, respectively. The results of pharmacokinetic experiment indicated that the QUE-SD and QUE-PC-SD exhibited considerable enhancement in the oral bioavailability. The relative bioavailability of QUE-SD and QUE-PC-SD compared with QUE were 149.49% and 198.32%, respectively. In addition, the relative bioavailability of QUE-PC-SD was also higher than that of QUE-SD. Therefore, in regard to drugs with poor solubility and low permeation, an active constituent-PC-SD system could result to a better absorption and higher bioavailability.     

米非司酮固体分散体的制备及性质研究

目的:增加米非司酮的溶解度和体外溶出速率,为阴道环的成功制备奠定基础。方法:以PVPK30为载体,采用溶剂法制备米非司酮固体分散体。考察其体外溶出特性,并采用差示扫描量热法、红外光谱法和粉末X-射线衍射法鉴别药物在固体分散体中的存在状态。结果:固体分散体大大提高了米非司酮的溶出速率,最佳比例为1∶3。药物在分散体中以无定型状态存在。结论:溶剂法制备的固体分散体可显著提高药物的溶出速率,从而提高了阴道环中药物的释放量。     

姜黄素-聚维酮固体分散体的制备及溶出度的测定

目的:制备姜黄素－聚维酮固体分散体,改善姜黄素的溶出度.方法:应用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PvPk30)为载体,以溶剂法制备固体分散体,差示扫描量热法、X-射线粉末衍射进行物相鉴定,并测定溶出度.结果:姜黄素在固体分散体中可能以无定型态或分子状态存在,药物的累积溶出百分率随栽体比例增加而增加,以1:6的比例效果最好.制成固体分散体后,药物在水中的溶解度达66.28 g·L-1.结论:采用PVPk30制备的固体分散体能显著提高姜黄素的溶出度.     

Effects of isosorbide dinitrate spray on central hemodynamics. Comparison with sublingual glyceryl trinitrate and isosorbide dinitrate

Effects of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) spray (Iso Mack Spray) on central hemodynamics were determined in comparison to sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) and ISDN, paying particular attention to their onset and duration of action. In nine patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, ISDN spray (2 sprays, 2.5 mg) glyceryl trinitrate (TNG, 0.3 mg) and ordinary ISDN tablet (5 mg) were administered by the single-blind crossover method under hemodynamic monitoring with a Swan-Ganz catheter. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (s-PA), systolic pressure (s-BP) and heart rate were measured every minute for 10 min, every 5 min for the subsequent 20 min and thereafter every 15 to 30 min up to 120 min. Using s-PA as a measure of nitrate action, the onset and duration of action as well as the magnitude of change was compared among the three drugs. ISDN spray had a quick onset of action (2.67 +/- 2.4 min, mean +/- SD) comparable to that of TNG (2.67 +/- 1.00 min), while ISDN spray had a long duration of action (57.4 +/- 42.1 min), which was comparable to that of sublingual ISDN (85.6 +/- 39.5 min, ns) and was significantly longer than that of TNG (11.4 +/- 6.4 min, p less than 0.05). ISDN spray (2.5 mg) showed the same hemodynamic changes as were induced by 0.3 mg TNG or 5 mg ISDN. The results of this study led us to conclude that ISDN spray is a useful agent which induces the abortion of anginal attacks by its quick onset and long duration of action.     

双嘧达莫肠溶固体分散物的形成及其体外溶出度的研究

目的采用固体分散技术改善pH依赖型难溶药物双嘧达莫的体外溶出行为.方法以L-型肠溶丙烯酸树脂(Eudragit L)为载体,将药物与Eudragit L的混和有机液喷包于微晶纤维素(MCC)空白丸芯上形成膜衣骨架型共沉淀物结构,利用X射线衍射,扫描电镜等方法研究固体分散物中双嘧达莫的晶体性质,考察不同比例组成的固体分散物的累积溶出百分率.结果肠溶固体分散物中药物的晶型消失,随载体比例增大,药物在人工胃液中的溶出减缓,在人工肠液中的释放加快.结论药物经固体分散技术处理后以无定型态分散于载体中,溶出行为显著改善.     

Preparation,characterization and in vitro drug release of isosorbide dinitrate microspheres

Microspheres of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) were prepared using the emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The impacts of different factors such as stirring rate, concentration of ethyl cellulose (EC) as matrix polymer, poly vinyl chloride (PVA) as stabiliser and ISDN on the characteristics of the microspheres were investigated. The morphology of microspheres was studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy and it was shown that microspheres had a spherical shape and smooth surface. The particle size distribution of microspheres, analysed by a sieving method, was affected by stirring rate and concentrations of EC, PVA and ISDN. Larger microspheres showed greater drug loading and smaller microspheres showed a faster drug release. The in vitro drug release from microspheres was predictable and reproducible, conforming to the Higuchi model of release kinetics.     

硝酸异山梨酯对大鼠膀胱逼尿肌的舒张作用

目的:研究硝酸异山梨酯(ISDN)对大鼠离体膀胱逼尿肌螺旋条的舒张作用及可能机制。方法:采用离体逼尿肌螺旋条浴槽实验方法,以硝苯地平为对照,测定ISDN(10-6～10-4 mol/L)对氯化钾(4×10-2 mol/L)和乙酰胆碱(10-4 mol/L)预收缩离体膀胱逼尿肌条的平均张力、收缩幅度和频度的影响。用标准试剂盒测定膀胱组织经ISDN(10-4 mol/L)孵育1h后组织中一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性。结果:ISDN的中剂量组和高剂量组(10-5 mol/L和10-4 mol/L)对乙酰胆碱预收缩肌螺旋条的平均张力、收缩幅度和频度均明显降低(P<0.05);ISDN各剂量组对高钾预收缩膀胱逼尿肌条的平均张力、收缩幅度和频度均没有明显影响(P>0.05)。另外,膀胱组织经ISDN孵育后NO的含量和NOS的活性明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:ISDN对乙酰胆碱预收缩的膀胱逼尿肌条有一定舒张作用,其机制可能与ISDN激活NOS,升高NO的含量有关。