Getting started: Needs and preferences of Colorado faculty for graduate education in nursing

The projected shortage of nurses is greatly influenced by the shortage of nursing faculty. This is of significant concern in Colorado due to increasing requirements for master's-prepared instructors at all levels. While there are many reasons for the faculty shortage, this study looked specifically at the needs and preferences of current nursing instructors related to obtaining graduate education in nursing. The survey results paint a picture of nurse faculty who need new approaches to managing graduate course work in addition to teaching and family responsibilities. Help with expenses through grants, scholarships, and loan forgiveness is vital. Potential graduate students rarely consider full-time or on-campus study, instead favoring online, one-per-semester, year-round courses. They are concerned about practicum hours, less concerned about graduate-level academic work, and not very concerned about online methods. There were no evident differences in needs and preferences for further education based on rural/urban location or community college/university setting.     

脑卒中康复护理实施现状及其影响因素的调查分析

目的调查脑卒中康复护理实施现状及其影响因素。方法自行设计脑卒中康复护理现状调查问卷,对813名护士进行问卷调查。结果 813名调查对象中对自己所分管的每例患者均实施康复的占38.38%;Logistic回归分析显示,学历、缺乏相关专业知识与技能、护士是否有必要实施康复护理,患者或家属认为不需要、患者或家属主动配合意识差、医院等级、工作繁忙、缺乏康复指引、效果评价及康复护理路径10个因素是护士实施康复护理的影响因素(P0.01或P0.05)。结论影响护士康复护理实施的因素是多方面的,应根据影响因素从宏观角度进行把控,采取多维度的干预措施,提高康复护理实施率。     

The Rehabilitation Nursing Team in the Home Healthcare Setting

This article discusses the initiation and development of a home care rehabilitation nursing team at a large home care agency in northern Virginia. The team had its origins in the concept of the therapy nurse, which evolved into the current rehabilitation nursing role. A team of rehabilitation nurses at the agency provides in-service programs and consultation and case management services for clients with a variety of medical diagnoses. The idea of the rehabilitation nursing team in the home care setting is a fairly new one and warrants the attention of all rehabilitation nurses who are concerned with patients' posthospital care as well as those nurses who are ready to consider moving into the home care field.     

Continuing education needs & knowledge of gerontological nursing among nurses in nursing homes]

The purpose of this study was to explore continuing education needs and knowledge of gerontological nursing among nurses in nursing homes, and analyze the relationship of demographic characteristics, knowledge and continuing education needs. Twenty nursing homes were randomly selected and 130 nurses were interviewed by structured questionnaires to ascertain their demographic characteristics, knowledge of gerontological nursing, and continuing education needs. Results showed that more than half of the nurses had not attended any courses in gerontological nursing in school, or in post-graduate continuing education. The rate of correct answers for knowledge of gerontological nursing was 70.8%. The worst knowledge was of gerontological statistics, followed by physical and psychological aspects of aging. Knowledge levels in gerontological nursing were positively correlated with age (r = .22, p < .05) having taken gerontological nursing courses (r =.22, p < .05) and having taken continuing education in gerontological nursing (r = .18, p < .05). Knowledge levels were negatively correlated with having lived with the elders in their own family (r = -.30, p < .05). Nurses who graduated from junior college or nursing high school had lower scores for knowledge than college graduates (F = 25.31, p < .001). The intensity level of continuing education needs ranged from needed to strongly needed, especially for knowledge regarding clinical care, followed by general information on aging, and administration and management. The level of continuing education needs was not different among the various demographic characteristics and knowledge levels in gerontological nursing. Results from this study suggest that gerontological nursing courses should be increased in nursing schools. Furthermore, a well-formulated continuing education model for gerontological nurses in nursing homes is also essential to promote the quality of care of the elderly.     

临床护士对预防康复护理认知的调查与分析

目的了解临床护士对预防康复护理的认知情况。方法对我院108名临床护士进行问卷调查,包括认知程度、认知途径、求知态度、求知途径。结果临床护士对预防康复护理认知不足,不同学历、职称护士的认知程度差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。而不同学历、职称临床护士求知态度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。求知途径主要有院内学习、杂志、网络。结论要落实预防康复护理,必须更新护理观念,加强在职培训,充实护理教育内容,完善预防康复护理理论和技术。     

The Rehabilitation Nurse in the Home Care Setting: Care of the Client with HIV or AIDS

People with HIV or AIDS who are experiencing pain, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, bowel and bladder dysfunction, and self-care deficits are being cared for by rehabilitation nurses in the home setting. The home care rehabilitation nurse provides instruction and care to clients, their families, and caregivers regarding physical manifestations of the disease and issues such as the importance of involving the client in household activities and activities of daily living. In addition to working with an interdisciplinary team to meet clients' needs, home care rehabilitation nurses work and consult with the generalist nursing staff to offer recommendations about rehabilitation nursing care for clients with HIV or AIDS.     

Critical care elements in a rehabilitation nursing course.

This article describes a specialized rehabilitation education program, based on adult learning theory, that was developed to promote retention of rehabilitation nurses at MetroHealth Center for Rehabilitation in Cleveland. The curriculum encompasses the skills required to care for rehabilitation patients needing both advanced rehabilitation nursing and critical care nursing. Critical care and rehabilitation nurses collaborated in the presentation of topics and were guided by the course coordinators. Learners were chosen based on experience in rehabilitation, with priority given to those certified in rehabilitation nursing. A variety of evaluation methods elicited positive responses. A 6-month postcourse survey also was completed to assess the long-term effects of the course.     

Evaluating trauma nursing education: An integrative literature review

ObjectiveA review of the current literature evaluating trauma nursing education.BackgroundA variety of trauma nursing courses exist, to educate nurses working in trauma settings, and to maintain their continuing professional development. Despite an increase in the number of courses delivered, there appears to be a lack of evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of trauma nursing education and in particular the justification for this resource allocation.DesignIntegrative literature review.Data sourcesA search of international literature on trauma nursing education evaluation published in English from 1985 to 2015 was conducted through electronic databases CINAHL Plus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Austhealth, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Sciverse Science Direct (Elsevier) & One file (Gale). Only peer reviewed journal articles identifying trauma course and trauma nursing course evaluation have been included in the selection criteria.Review methodsAn integrative review of both quantitative and qualitative literature guided by Whittemore and Knafl's theoretical framework using Bowling's and Pearson's validated appraisal checklists, has been conducted for three months.ResultsOnly 17 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 14 on trauma course evaluation and 3 on trauma nursing course evaluation. Study findings are presented as two main themes: the historical evolution of trauma nursing education and evaluation of trauma nursing education outcomes.ConclusionTrauma nursing remains in its infancy and education in this specialty is mainly led by continuing professional development courses. The shortage of evaluation studies on trauma nursing courses reflects the similar status in continuing professional development course evaluation. A trauma nursing course evaluation study will address the gap in this under researched area.     

Establishing a super-link system: spinal cord injury rehabilitation nursing

AIM: This paper reports a study to identify the needs of clients with spinal cord injury and their family/carers during rehabilitation, and the strategies used by rehabilitation nurses to meet those needs. BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, spinal cord injury is a major problem with financial implications for the state and major bio-psycho-social and spiritual implications for the individual. Rehabilitation nurses do not have an appropriate nursing theory to guide their care. METHODS: Using a grounded theory approach, data were collected from October 2002 to March 2003 in a rehabilitation hospital in Taiwan by means of interviews, participant observations and documentary resources; analysis was an interrelated process. A total of 39 interviews was carried out with 31 individuals, including eight rehabilitation nurses, one nurse supervisor, seven clients with tetraplegia, eight with paraplegia and seven family/carers. There were 18 participant observations. Data were analysed using a multi-step analytic procedure, based on the works of Glaser, Charmaz, and Strauss and Corbin. FINDINGS: The core category, 'establishing a super-link system', explained the complex structure of interactions observed during the investigation and the importance of developing a middle-range theory entitled the 'Super-Link System Theory'. This theory includes the following four links: 'linking to client', 'linking to family/carer', 'linking to interdisciplinary rehabilitation team' and 'linking to community'. CONCLUSION: This Super-Link System Theory will help rehabilitation nurses to organize their thinking about spinal cord injury rehabilitation nursing, to transfer their thinking into practice by making links effective, and to promote their professional position in the interdisciplinary rehabilitation team.     

北京市社区护士教育现状和教育需求调查

目的:了解北京市社区护士的教育现状和教育需求,为北京市完善社区护理教育提供科学依据。方法:使用自行设计的社区护士教育现状及教育需求量表对北京市8个社区309名社区护士进行调查。结果:59.5%的调查对象在校期间学习过社区护理课程,48.9%的调查对象在学习社区护理课程时理论与实践的比例为4∶1,93.9%的调查对象认为应该增加社区护理课程中实践所占的比例;87.4%的调查对象曾经参加或正在参加岗位培训,79.3%的调查对象希望参加或再次参加护理岗位培训。结论:社区护理在校课程需要调整课时,增加实践所占比例;岗位培训需要增加培训内容,丰富培训形式。     

Transcultural Adaptation of NANDA Taxonomy II to a Brazilian Context

PURPOSE To orient nurses caring for critically ill emergency patients to a standardized nursing language–based protocol system in the field. METHODS An experimental learning program was developed and conducted by a nurse consultant. Nursing process–oriented, theoretical‐practical classes focused on the analysis of real clinical situations with the purpose of generating a reflective process in the nurses' conceptual schemes and incorporating standardized nursing language in their clinical practice. FINDINGS The expansion of nursing process–oriented clinical sessions and the retrospective clinical analysis of individualized patients has occurred in 7 of the 8 leading cities of the region (in one of them the teaching program has not been performed yet). Nine courses have been taught to a total of 185 RNs. The mean satisfaction rate reported was 90%, and one externally funded research project was initiated in regard to implementing nursing process in emergency prehospital care and taught to 75 nurses. A qualitative‐quantitative research project funded by the health department of the Andalusian government was initiated by one of these nurses with respect to nursing process implementation in emergency services. The Quality and Accreditation Center developed an evaluation system that included nurse perfomance. Two of 11 nurses participating as educators were designated as members of the evaluation board. The evaluation described impediments in determining the specific contribution of nurses to the overall process. The 2 nurses proposed that incorporating standardized nursing language was the best way to evaluate nursing performance. As a consequence, a nursing record based on the initial one designed in the research project was implemented. This record is divided into assessment, diagnosis, outcomes, and interventions based on Henderson's 14 needs, NANDA, NIC, and NOC. The electronic record will set the standards for evaluating the dimensions of the nursing data set established by the Nursing Information and Data Set Evaluation Center: nomenclature, clinical context, clinical data repository, and general system characteristics. The electronic record has been implemented in all the main cities of Andalusia and will be a main component of the Critical Patient Clinical Dossier that integrates both medical and nursing records. DISCUSSION Implementation of standardized nursing language requires an adequate orientation program with defined objectives. The simple addition of nursing terminology to clinical areas or guidelines development not only offers some difficulties in their usage, but also creates a conceptual conflict among nurses with a biomedical paradigm orientation. Using standardized nursing language presupposes a paradigm shift among nurses and managers. Nursing process and standardized nursing language are not always the primary focus of healthcare systems; it is necessary to demonstrate the lack of sensitivity present in information systems regarding nursing practice, nursing resources evaluation, and competency design. This situation cannot be modified piecemeal, and collaboration between nurses and administration is critical. CONCLUSIONS A nursing information system is not only a recordkeeping system and a software application; it needs also a qualitative transformation of the nurses' conceptual point of view and adequate linkage between theory and clinical practice. A patient‐centered, longterm evaluation of the nursing process implementation is needed to assess the effectiveness of this reorientation of nurses' clinical practice.     

开展心脏康复护理的动力因素分析

目的通过对临床医院在循环内科工作过的护士的调查,分析了护理人员开展心脏康复护理的动力因素,以探讨临床护理人员实施心脏康复护理的可行性。方法以Pender的健康促进模式为理论框架,自行设计问卷,并对曾在循环内科工作过的注册护士进行问卷调查。结果总动力因素均数为高水平,动力因素的子因素均数水平按降序排列依次为:自身工作的成就感;对新知识的渴望;乐于同其他医务人员合作;可获得更高评价及医院行政部门要求。结论为了调动护理人员开展心脏康复的积极性,在护理实践、护理行政管理、及护理教育方面应制定相应措施。     

Virtual rapid response: the next evolution of tele-ICU

The first of its kind in the Veterans Affairs (VA) system, the Denver VA Medical Center's tele-intensive care unit (ICU) program is unique because it is entirely nurse driven. A nontraditional tele-ICU model, the program was tailored to meet the needs of rural veterans by using critical care nursing expertise in Denver, Colorado. An experienced CCRN-certified nurse manages the system 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, from Eastern Colorado Health Care System. The virtual ICU provides rapid response interventions through virtual technology. This tele-ICU technology allows for a "virtual handshake" by nursing staff at the start of the shift and a report on potential patient issues. Clinical relationships have been strengthened between all 5 VA facilities in the Rocky Mountain Region, increasing the likelihood of early consultation at the onset of clinical decline of a patient. In addition, the tele-ICU nurse is available for immediate nursing consultation and support, coordinates point-to-point virtual consultation between physicians at the rural sites and specialists in Denver, and assists in expediting critical care transfers. The primary objectives for the tele-ICU program include improving quality and access of care to critical care services in rural sites, reducing community fee basis costs and frequency of transfers, and increasing collaboration and collegiality among nursing and medical staff in all Region 19's medical centers.     

Education for rehabilitation nursing

An increasing shortage of rehabilitation nurses is anticipated in the coming decade. This article describes one potential answer to the nursing shortage through a course in rehabilitation nursing for senior baccalaureate students. The unique features of the course included the use of holistic learning experiences that integrate theory and practice. Clinical experiences in critical care units, in intensive rehabilitation settings, and in a variety of outpatient facilities, as well as travels with rehabilitation nurse consultants in the field, provided students with rich perspectives on the scope of rehabilitation nursing practice. Replication of this successful course in other settings has the potential to enhance the recruitment of new graduates into the field of rehabilitation nursing.     

某地级市社区护士工作现状与居民护理需求的调查

目的调查某地级市社区护士工作现状与居民护理需求。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷对135名社区护士和338户社区居民进行调查。结果社区护士的工作重点在治疗护理方面,而预防、康复、保健、健康宣教和计划生育5项的工作力度明显不够;社区护理工作现状与居民需求存在差异,居民对社区护理服务的需求从疾病治疗向疾病预防和健康促进转变。结论社区护士应转变观念,加强疾病预防和健康促进的理念;社区护理应以居民需求为导向,尽快建立以社区人群健康为中心,融医疗、预防、保健、康复、健康教育、计划生育于一体的综合性社区护理服务模式。