Adaptation to periodic hypoxia and a diet supplemented with polyunsaturated class ω-3 fatty acids enhance the resistance of Ca2+ transport in the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum to free-radical oxidation

The relationship between the level of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and the status of the Ca²⁺-transporting system in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the rat myocardium is studied against the background of two cardioprotective factors, namely adaptation to periodic hypoxia and a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 class. It is shown that the diet leads to an increase of level of lipid peroxidation products by 1.8 times in the heart and by 19 times in the liver, whereas a adaptation has no effect on the level of lipid peroxidation products in either of these organs. At the same time, the combined action of both factors considerably enhances the resistance of the myocardial Ca²⁺-transporting system to free radical-induced oxidation. Inin vitro experiments it is shown that adaptation to periodic hypoxia results in a more than twofold deceleration of Ca²⁺ transport inhibition during the oxidation induction by the Fe²⁺/ascorbate system; the diet causes a 3.5-fold deceleration of such inhibition. The results show that the accumulation of a high level of lipid peroxidation products is not always followed by damage to the Ca²⁺-transporting system in the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 42–45, July, 1995 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Chemiluminescence study of the contents of the products of Cu2+-induced lipid peroxidation in different fractions of human blood lipoproteins

It is demonstrated that the content of the primary products of lipid peroxidation reaches the maximum after about 1-h incubation with Cu²⁺ and then declines. At a Cu²⁺ concentration of about 10–15 μM, the content of lipid peroxidation products is maximal; it does not rise with a further increase in the Cu²⁺ concentration. Comparison of the kinetics of lipid peroxidation in different lipoprotein fractions shows that low density lipoproteins are much more strongly oxidized than high density lipoproteins. A strong positive correlation between the amplitude of the chemiluminescence burst and the diene conjugate content is established in 79 independent measurements. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 144–148, February, 1995     

Antiopsonizing effect of extracellular staphylococcal products

The ability to inhibit the opsonizing activity of immunoglobulins and the C3 component of the complement is demonstrated forStaphylococcus aureus. This ability is due to the presence of extracellular products such as the anticomplement factor and protein A. An independent and statistically significant determination of the antiopsonizing effect of these extracellular products by the given parameters is established. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 639–641, June, 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Bivalphor: a myelopeptide possessing antitumor activity

It is shown that the bone marrow-derived hexapeptide bivalphor restores the functions of human T lymphocytes inhibited by products of HL-60 leukemia cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5, pp. 530–532, May, 1995     

Effect of sodium citrate on the rate of cholesterol esterification and on the formation of primary products of lipid peroxidation in human blood. Are these processes related?

In vitro experiments show that sodium citrate in a final concentration of 130 mM induces a 4- to 5-fold increase in the activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. A parallel determination of the blood content of primary products of lipid peroxidation reveals a 20–30% decrease in diene and triene conjugates and lipid hydroperoxides. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 323–325, September, 1995 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lipid peroxidation level in the focus of compression ischemia in the cerebral cortex of rats

Pathomorphological changes in a focus of ischemia, the level of lipid peroxidation (as indicated by the content of products reacting with thiobarbituric acid), and the postischemic levels of adenyl nucleotides and tissue lipids were studied in rats with focal compression ischemia of the cerebral cortex. An increased level of the TBA-reactive products paralleled by a reduction of the concentrations of adenyl nucleotides and tissue lipids was found to be in clear-cut correlation with the processes of neuronal injury and death and with subsequent repair phenomena in the focus of cortical ischemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 589–590, December, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Specific features in the secretory activity of enterochromaffin cells of the duodenal mucosa of red-cheeked souslik under different physiological conditions

The ratio of the synthetic and secretory phases of the activity of duodenal enterochromaffin cells of the hibernating red-cheeked souslik under hypo- and normothermia is compatible with the functional significance of serotonin, one of their secretory products. The synthesis and accumulation of the secretion predominate during normothermia in summer and winter, whereas during deep torpor serotonin is mainly released from the cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3 pp. 337–340, March, 1996 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

State of ovarian function in experimental hyperthyroidism and hyperthyrotropinemia

The effect of experimental hyperthyroidism and hyperthyrotropinemia on histophysiological processes in the female reproductive system is studied. Thyroid hormones and thyrotropin are found to exhibit a pronounced modulatory effect on morphogenetic processes in the female gonad. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 422–424, October, 1995     

Lipid peroxidation parameters in the internal organs of rats with different degrees of resistance to hypoxia

Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system of the heart, liver, and brain are studied in adult male Wistar rats with high and low resistance to hypoxia tested by “raising” to an altitude of 11.5 km and in intact outbred rats. These parameters are found to be the same in the brain of low- and high-resistance rats, while the brain content of lipid peroxidation products is higher in both groups of Wistar rats compared with outbred rats. The heart and liver parameters are coupled to the resistance to hypoxia. Antioxidant activity prevails over lipid peroxidation in the hearts and livers of high-resistance rats, confirming that oxidation plays a major role in the damaging and lethal effects of acute hypoxia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp 26–29, January, 1996 Presented by A. I. Archakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Cell death and the efficiency of the erythropoietic system

The efficiency of the erythropoietic system is studied with the aid of mathematical modeling under conditions of a high fraction of cell death. A criterion limiting the magnitude of cell death is proposed for possible forms of chronic pathology. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 357–358, March, 1996     

Effects of diuretics on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection of blood plasma

An increase in the content of primary and final lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and a decrease in the fat- and water-soluble antioxidants in blood plasma are revealed in a study of hypohydration induced by administration of 40 mg furosemide alone or in combination with 1 tablet of triampure. Intensification of free radical processes in states simulating weightlessness may be related to the loss of fluid due to transformation of water-electrolyte metabolism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 478–479, May, 1994 Presented by V. N. Smirnov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The effect of etimyzol on the development of the deafferentation pain syndrome

Administration of etimyzol in a dose of 4 mg/kg to rats with deafferentation pain syndrome reduces the incidence of the syndrome and its severity. This effect is associated with activation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal system. Systematic administration of the preparation models repeated stress, thus developing adaptation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3 pp. 258–261, March, 1996 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Determination of the biological activity of chalone-containing preparation from Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma and its fractions obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography in a cell culture derived from this tumor

It is shown that cultured Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells are a convenient test system for the investigation of the effects of various factors on DNA synthesis in the cells of this tumor. The application of this system markedly facilitates fractionation of a chalone-containing preparation, the purpose of this fractionation being the isolation of components affecting specific phases of the mitotic cycle. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 80–82, January, 1994     

Fibronectin as a compensating factor in the natural cytotoxicity system in interferon-dependent immunodeficiency

The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells (NK) against³H-uridine-labeled target cells (TC, human erythromyeloleukosis cells K-562) and the intensity of conjugate formation in the NK:TC system in the presence of γ-interferon, C-reactive protein, and human fibronectin are studiedin vitro in 14 patients with multiple sclerosis. It is shown that γ-interferon and C-reactive protein decrease the cytotoxic activity of NK with a simultaneous stimulation of conjugate formation in the NK:TC system. The correlation between the studied parameters becomes weaker. Human fibronectin induces collateral changes in the activity of NK and in the number of effector:target conjugates formed in the natural cytotoxicity reaction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 67–70, July, 1994     

Comparison of lipid peroxidation parameters in the heart,liver, and brain of rats with different degrees of resistance to hypoxia

The relationship between the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant system in the heart, liver, and brain is studied in male Wistar rats with low and high resistance to hypoxia tested by being “raised” to an altitude of 11.5 km and in intact outbred rats. It is found that in all groups of rats the content of lipid peroxidation products is highest in the liver, lower in the heart, and lowest in the brain. In all groups, the rate of the ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation is highest in the brain, lower in the liver, and lowest in the heart. The activity of the antioxidant system is highest in the brain, lower in the liver, and lowest in the heart of low-resistance and outbred rats, while in high-resistance rats it is the same in all the organs. Thus, the difference in the parameters of lipid peroxidation and, particularly, of the antioxidant system in the studied organs is most pronounced in rats with a low resistance to hypoxia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 138–143, February, 1996 Presented by A. I. Archakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Patterns of interaction between the immune and endocrine systems in the manifestation of hereditary autoimmune disorders in NZB mice

Specific features of immune-endocrine interrelationships and of pituitary-adrenal system functioning are studied in NZB mice with hereditary autoimmune pathology. It is established that the development of disease is accompanied by a weakened response to stress, reduced blood corticosteroid level, and decreased adrenal reactivity to exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone. Moreover, a loss of sensitivity to interleukin-2 is observed. These facts provide evidence of disturbed interaction between the immune and endocrine systems as well as of inhibition of pituitary-adrenal system activity as the autoimmune disease develops. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 394–397, April, 1995     

Morphometric analysis of the pulmonary vessels in premature neonates

In premature neonates with the respiratory distress syndrome the vessels of the pulmonary arterial system show stereotypical changes: dystonia with the predominance of vasoconstriction, a thickened muscular layer, and a narrowed lumen. A morphometric index is proposed: the coefficient of nonuniformity of the medial thickness of the vascular wall, which reflects a structural reorganization of the pulmonary vessels in different pathological processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 311–314, September, 1994 Presented by Yu. I. Borodin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Anti-ischemic effect of a new oxynicotinic acid derivative

The effect of a new derivative of oxynicotinic acid (KONA) on experimental cerebral ischemia is examined in rats. It is demonstrated that a single dose of the preparation (30 mg/kg) significantly decreases the severity of ischemic damage and increases the survival of the animals after bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. Comparison with xanthinol-nicotinate shows the advantages of the new preparation. Although KONA does not inhibit free-radical oxidationin vitro, it does lower the content of free-radical oxidation products in rat blood plasma to the normal level. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 49–51, July, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of catalin on radical production in aqueous solutions and cross-linking in deoxyribonucleoprotein complex

The effect of catalin on cross-linking in the DNA-protein system is studied after illumination with visible and UV light. Catalin is shown to stimulate this process. The use of a hydroxylamine trap reveals that catalin (10–100 μM) induces the accumulation of free radicals in aqueous solutions as soon as 10 minutes after irradiation. A considerable amount of O ₂ ^- is fixed in the medium during illumination of catalin aqueous solution. Superoxide dismutase added to the incubation medium considerably reduced the number of recorded radicals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 142–144, August, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The uptake of 3-deoxy-3-iodine-glucose by normal and tumor cellsin vitro

It is found that 3-deoxy-3-iodine-glucose (3D-I-glucose) enters both erythrocytes and tumor cells at a rate close to that of glucose entry. For tumor cells the total uptake of the preparation was 6-fold higher than for erythrocytes (1500 and 250 μM/mln. cells, respectively). Phosphorylated products of 3D-I-glucose were not detected; however, the total amount of preparation in the probes dropped during incubation, indicating that it is metabolized by the cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 654–655, June, 1994