交通多发伤168例急诊救治分析

目的探讨交通多发伤的诊断和治疗方法,以减少误诊和漏诊,提高救治成功率。方法对2009年中168例交通多发伤进行CRAMS创伤评分以指导临床抢救和治疗。结果全组治愈148例（91.6%）,死亡20例（8.4%）。死因分别为失血性休克、脑疝、MODS等。结论①多发伤的诊断：要求做到快、准、全。②多发伤的临床特点：a.各部位的创伤具有不同表现和危险性;b.休克发生率高;c.感染发生率高;d.易发生MODS。③多发伤的急救要点：重点应放在对失血性休克、急性呼吸功能障碍及脑疝。④多发伤救治的手术原则：应在充分复苏的前提下,用最简单的手术方式、最快的速度修补损伤的脏器,减轻伤员的负担,降低手术的危险性,抢救伤员的生命。     

急诊多发伤患者危险因素及急救措施研究

【摘要】目的：探究急诊多发伤患者的危险因素，并制定出有效的急救措施，以提升急诊多发伤患者的生存率。方法：选取2013年5月～2015年5月本院急诊科收治的多发伤患者1135例为观察对象，对相关资料进行回顾性分析，以了解多发伤患者的危险因素，并根据其结果制定出有效的急救措施。结果：患者的年龄、损伤部位数、ISS评分和就诊时间均为影响患者急救效果的危险因素。结论：重视患者的年龄、损伤部位数、ISS评分和就诊时间等危险因素对急诊多发伤患者的影响，并以此为重点制定有效的急救措施。     

无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤疗效的相关因素研究

目的:探究无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤不同治疗方式的效果以及影响疗效的相关因素分析。方法:选择2011年1月-2013年6月在本院骨科接受治疗的无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者127例。根据治疗方式分为观察组(手术治疗84例)和对照组(保守治疗43例)。对所有患者的治疗效果应用JOA评分进行判定,记录受伤至手术时间、伤后脊髓功能状态以及随访结果。结果:观察组JOA改善率高于对照组,且通过Logistic回归性分析得到影响疗效的4个因素:伤后脊髓功能状态为Ⅰ度、伤后至手术时间、是否进行康复训练以及治疗方式。结论:无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤应用手术治疗效果好于保守治疗,且及时治疗加以术后适当的康复训练能明显改善疗效。     

老年多发伤患者短期内并发多器官功能障碍综合征的危险因素分析

探讨影响老年多发伤患者短期内并发多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2010年11月～2020年8月江苏大学附属医院收治的130例老年多发伤患者的临床资料,根据患者是否在入院4周内并发MODS分为MODS组（n=42）和非MODS组（n=88）。比较两组性别、年龄、致伤原因、入院前时间、损伤部位数目、主要损伤部位、损伤严重度评分（ISS）、D二聚体水平、动脉血乳酸水平、急性生理与慢性健康状况（APACHEIII）评分、是否急诊手术、是否输血和是否合并脓毒症等13个临床指标。通过单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析探讨影响老年多发伤患者短期内并发MODS的危险因素。结果 单因素分析显示主要损伤部位、ISS、D二聚体水平、动脉血乳酸水平、APACHEIII评分、是否急诊手术和是否合并脓毒症共7个临床指标在两组间比较有统计学差异（P＜0.05）,而性别、年龄、致伤原因、入院前时间、损伤部位数目和是否输血共6个临床指标在两组间比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示主要损伤部位、ISS、D二聚体水平、动脉血乳酸水平、APACHEIII评分和是否合并脓毒症共6个临床指标是影响老年多发伤患者短期内并发MODS的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论 影响老年多发伤患者短期内并发MODS的独立危险因素包括主要损伤部位、ISS、D二聚体水平、动脉血乳酸水平、APACHEIII评分和是否合并脓毒症。重视主要损伤部位、损伤严重程度、凝血功能和综合病情危重程度的评估,同时有效液体复苏,改善微循环及维护内环境稳定并预防感染可降低老年多发伤患者短期内并发MODS的风险。     

腹部损伤为主的多发伤患者二期骨折手术的时机

目的：探讨腹部闭合性损伤合并下肢骨折多发伤患者二期骨折手术时机。方法：通过比较67例腹部闭合性损伤合并下肢骨折多发伤患者的并发症发生率和住院时间,观察骨折急诊固定（21例）和延期固定(30例)对疗效的影响。结果：骨折急诊固定组在住院时间、早期肺部并发症、骨折晚期并发症发生率方面均低于延期固定组。结论：在治疗有腹部闭合性...     

高速路交通致腹部闭合性损伤37例诊治分析

目的 :提高早期高速路交通伤伴腹部闭合性损伤的诊断和手术治疗水平。方法 :3年多急救高速路交通伤 2 2 16人 ,多发伤伴腹部闭合性损伤 37例。均行剖腹手术 ,腹内主要脏器损伤依次是脾、肝、大小肠等。结果 :存活 34例 ,由于首次手术处置不当或遗漏损伤脏器再次手术 2例 ,死亡 3例 ,总病死率 8.1%。结论 :在高速路交通伤中 ,腹部闭合性损伤多伴有多发伤 ,早期手术救治是抢救成功的关键所在。多脏器损伤处理坚持保全生命第一 ,保全器官第二的手术原则     

180例多发伤的诊治体会

多发伤是指同一致伤因素打击下机体同时或相继发生的2个或2个以上部位的损伤，其中1个部位的损伤危及生命。随着交通及建筑业的不断发展，农民工的大量进城，道路的拥挤，多发伤的发病率逐渐增多，因此我们必须增强对多发伤发病机制及病理生理的进一步的认识，这样才能提高抢救成功率。现将我院自2000年10月1日-2006年10月1日收治的180例多发伤救治体会报告如下：     

坠落伤与交通事故伤患者创伤部位及抢救效果比较

目的：探讨交通事故伤与坠落伤创伤部位的差异、抢救方案和效果。方法：回顾性分析160例由坠落伤与交通事故伤导致的脊柱骨折患者的临床资料,记录患者的致伤原因、骨折部位、骨折类型、救治措施,评价其治疗效果。结果：坠落伤以椎弓根骨折、椎板骨折、小关节骨折多见,高于交通致伤骨折（P＜0.05）;交通致伤骨折类型则多为爆裂骨折与压缩骨折,坠落伤脊髓损伤分级多为C级,高于交通事故伤的10.2%。交通事故伤以A级、B级、E级骨髓损伤常见,其中A、E级所占比例高于坠落伤（P＜0.05）;交通事故伤患者治疗总有效率与坠落伤对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：多节段脊柱骨折有其复杂性特征,在临床诊断、急救及治疗方式的确立方面需从致伤原因、损伤类型等方面作综合性考虑。     

交通伤所致骨折病人的急救护理

随着现代交通事业的发展，交通事故已成为世界第一公害。车祸常累及作为社会栋梁的中青年男性，致伤原因机动车有关的事故最为多见，骨折部位以下肢骨折最为常见，多伴有多发骨折、多发伤，增强急诊初诊医护人员的整体意识，及时准确的诊断抢救，对提高疗效、改善预后起着至关重要的作用。     

高压氧治疗重型颅脑损伤合并多发伤的相关因素分析

目的探讨高压氧治疗重型颅脑损伤合并多发伤的时机和疗程,并对影响其预后相关因素进行分析。方法分析海军总医院高压氧科住院进行高压氧治疗的96例重型颅脑损伤合并多发伤患者的临床资料。96例患者分别依据伤后开始高压氧治疗时间的不同分成≤30d组和〉30d组,依据高压氧治疗次数的不同分成≤30次组和〉30次组,比较不同组间治疗前后的残疾分级量表（DRS）评分;考虑的可能影响预后的因素为：性别、年龄、既往史、脑部手术、气管切开、脑疝、合并伤的种类、脑损伤的类型等,在伤后半年根据格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GOS）分级标准进行预后分组,将上述因素进行单因素分析和Logistic多因素回归分析。结果≤30d组治疗后DRS评分明显低于〉30d组,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）;≤30次组和〉30次组治疗后DRS评分比较无差异（P〉0．05）;影响预后的主要因素包括：年龄、合并肺挫裂伤、合并脊柱骨折、发生脑疝、发生原发脑干损伤（P〈0．05）。结论年龄超过45岁,发生脑疝、原发脑干损伤,合并肺挫裂伤、脊柱骨折的重型颅脑损伤合并多发伤患者预后差;伤后30天内开始高压氧治疗是合适的治疗时机,可以促进病情的恢复,降低残疾程度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.