Mitral valve repair in the elderly

A case of multiple sharply circumscribed pulmonary hematomas ("coin" lesions) following blunt, non-penetrating thoracic trauma, is reported. The finding mimicked cancerous "cannon ball" metastatic deposits. A computed tomographic scan combined with puncture biopsy provided the correct diagnosis. Spontaneous complete resolution of the hematomas took 3 years.     

Surgical repair for aortic aneurysms in aged patients over 70 years of age

From 1960 through 1991, 556 consecutive patients with aortic aneurysms consisting of 173 with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and 383 with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) were treated surgically. No significant differences were observed in the early mortality rate after AAA or TAA repair between the aged (41 TAA, 52 AAA) and non-aged groups. The 5-year survival rate of aged patients with TAA (47.3 +/- 8.5%) was significantly lower to that of non-aged patients (67.4 +/- 2.8%). However, the 5-year survival rate of aged patients with AAA (63.9 +/- 12.1%) was not significantly different from that of non-aged patients (75.9 +/- 4.3%). The asymptomatic non-ruptured aneurysms in aged-patients present many problems such as the association between surgical intervention and life expectancy, selection of patients by accurate preoperative evaluation of risk factors, and determination of the timing of operation.     

Ten-year experience with aortic valve replacement in 482 patients 70 years of age or older: operative risk and long-term results

A retrospective analysis of an institutional experience with aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients 70 years of age or older during 1976 to 1987 was performed. The study was prompted in part by the current interest in palliative aortic valvoplasty, an interest based to a certain extent on the impression that AVR in the elderly has a high mortality. The mean age of the patients was 75.0 +/- 4.0 years (+/- the standard deviation) (range, 70 to 89 years). Eighty-three percent of patients received porcine valves and 17%, mechanical valves. Preoperatively 32% were in New York Heart Association class III, and 59% were in class IV. Operative mortality was 5.6% for elective isolated AVR for aortic stenosis (19% of all patients), 8.2% for all isolated AVR (38%), and 12.4% overall. Concomitant operative procedures were done in 62.0%; AVR with coronary artery bypass grafting (42%) had an operative mortality of 14.3%. Multivariate analysis showed significant predictors of operative mortality to be emergency operation (p less than 0.01), isolated aortic regurgitation (p = 0.01), and previous cardiac operation (p = 0.02). Follow-up (34 +/- 27 months) was 94% complete. Five-year survival from late cardiac-related death was 81.0%. The constant yearly hazard rate for late death for patients 70 years of age or older who underwent AVR was 5.42% per year, which is similar to the 5.77% per year rate calculated for age-matched and sex-matched controls. Five-year freedom from reoperation was 99%; from late thromboembolic complications, 91%; and from late anticoagulant-related complications, 94%. Freedom from all valve-related morbidity and mortality was 61% at 5 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

70岁以上高龄结直肠癌患者的手术治疗

目的研究70岁以上结直肠癌患者根治性手术治疗的效果。方法回顾分析1992年3月至2002年3月期间,在我院接受根治性手术治疗的70岁以上结直肠癌患者121例(Ⅰ组)的临床资料,并与同期小于70岁、但在60岁以上的478患者(Ⅱ组)的手术情况进行比较。结果两组手术时间、出血量相比,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。Ⅰ组较Ⅱ组输血量多、住院时间长,两组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.0001,P=0.0106)。并发症的发生率Ⅰ组为29.8%,Ⅱ组为21.3%,两组比较差异有显著性意义(χ2=3.855,P=0.0496)。术后平均生存时间Ⅰ组(48.0±2.0)个月,Ⅱ组(48.0±1.9)个月;两组5年生存率比较,差异无显著性意义(P=0.6816)。结论对70岁以上的高龄老年结直肠癌患者施行根治性手术后有较高的生存率,应对其积极地采取根治手术治疗。     

Three-field lymph node dissection for esophageal cancer in elderly patients over 70 years of age

BACKGROUND: The risk and benefit of esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection has not been well defined in elderly esophageal cancer patients. METHODS: A total of 441 patients underwent three-field lymph node dissection from 1986 to 1998. Patients were divided into two age groups: group 1 consisted of 79 patients aged 70 years or over, and group 2 consisted of 362 patients under 70 years of age. Patients' characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared between groups. Risk factors for morbidity, mortality, and survival of patients in group 1 were further studied by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Significantly more patients had multiorgan dysfunction preoperatively in group 1 (24; 30.4%) than in group 2 (34; 9.4%, p < 0.001). The overall (65.8% vs 61.6%, p = 0.483) and surgically related complication rates (41.8% vs 52.2%, p = 0.093) were similar, but significantly more organ failure (11.4% vs 5.0%, p = 0.031) and infection (22.8% vs 13.8%, p = 0.045), defined as medical complications, occurred in group 1. There was no significant difference in 30-day (3.8% vs 0.8%, p = 0.074) or in-hospital mortality (7.6% vs 3.3%, p = 0.082) between groups. The overall (40.9% vs 48.1%, p = 0.235) and cause-specific 5-year survivals (55.4% vs 59.1%, p = 0.688) were comparably good in both groups, but the risk of death due to causes other than esophageal cancer was much higher in the elderly (p = 0.028). Multiorgan dysfunction was an independent predictive factor in elderly patients for overall and medical morbidity, overall survival, and risk of death from causes other than esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection could be carried out safely in patients over 70 years of age with satisfactory long-term results. For elderly patients with multiorgan dysfunction, however, less invasive procedures might be more appropriate.     

老年风湿性二尖瓣病变行二尖瓣修复术与生物瓣膜置换术中期效果比较

目的比较60岁以上老年患者风湿性二尖瓣修复(MVP)与生物瓣膜置换(MVR)的中期效果。方法选取2014年1月至2016年1月北京安贞医院瓣膜外科诊疗中心行风湿性二尖瓣修复或生物瓣置换手术的60岁以上老年风湿性二尖瓣病变患者,包括同期行三尖瓣修复术及房颤射频消融术患者;排除合并主动脉瓣手术、冠状动脉旁路移植手术、二次手术患者,最终纳入患者82例。根据二尖瓣手术方式分为二尖瓣修复组(MVP组,25例)和生物瓣置换组(MVR组,57例)。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析并绘制曲线,通过Log Rank方法比较两组患者5年生存率的差异。结果围手术期全组患者平均年龄(66.37±4.41)岁。54.9%的患者心功能(NYHA分级)Ⅲ级。两组患者在体外循环时间(P=0.99),主动脉阻断时间(P=0.88),术后住院时间(P=0.76)差异均无统计学意义。MVR组3例患者住院期间死亡,病死率5.3%;MVP组无住院期死亡(P=0.24)。随访5年,最长随访63个月,平均随访47.03个月。MVR组6例死亡,其中4例死于心脑血管不良事件,2例死于非心脑血管不良事件。MVP组无死亡。两组均无再手术病例。结论风湿性二尖瓣病变的老年患者采用二尖瓣修复手术治疗能够获得较好的中期效果。     

70岁以上老年患者的心脏瓣膜手术

目的 总结70岁以上老年患者心脏瓣膜病的特点及手术效果.方法 2005年1月到2011年11月,115例70岁以上老年患者接受心脏瓣膜手术,占同期心脏瓣膜手术的8.4％( 115/1366例),其中男65例,女50例;年龄(74.3±3.1)岁.风湿性心脏瓣膜病68例(59.1％),非风湿性瓣膜病47例(40.9％).术前心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级75例(65.2％).行二尖瓣置换术(MVR) 55例(47.8％),主动脉瓣置换术(AVR) 33例(28.7％),AVR+ MVR 16例(13.9％),二尖瓣成形术(MVP)3例(2.6％),AVR+ MVP 5例(4.3％),三尖瓣置换术3例(2.6％).同期行左心房血栓清除术18例(15.7％),三尖瓣成形术71例(61.7％),Bentall手术6例(5.2％),冠状动脉旁路移植术15例(13.0％).结果 术后早期死亡1例(0.87％).术后早期主要并发症包括重度低心排血量综合征6例,新发房颤17例,呼吸机延迟拔管12例,急性肾功能衰竭3例,脑部并发症3例.术后6个月复查,112例(97.4％)生存,心功Ⅲ～Ⅳ级8例(7.14％).结论 老年患者心脏瓣膜手术虽然手术风险较高的,但仍可以获得满意效果.     

Mitral valve replacement in patients younger than 6 years of age

We present our experience in mitral valve replacement (including left-sided tricuspid valve in corrected transposition) in patients younger than 6 years of age. The long term results were examined with special focus on re-replacement of the valve. Between 1974 and 1995, we performed mitral valve replacement in 14 patients younger than 6 years of age, with no operative mortality. There were 3 late deaths, caused by endocarditis, valve thrombosis, and congestive heart failure, respectively. The five-year-survival rate after primary replacement was 85%, and the ten-year-survival rate was 75%, using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Ten patients (11 occasions) required repeated mitral valve replacements at 2 months to 17 years after the original replacement. The indication for the second or third mitral valve replacement was paravalvular leakage (2 patients), valve thrombosis (1 patient), degeneration in the porcine prosthesis (3 patients), and patient outgrowth of the original small prosthesis (5 patients). Again there was no operative mortality. One patient who suffered from multiple occasions of valve thrombosis died at two years after the second replacement. All patients who had outgrown the prosthetic valve received larger prosthesis at the second replacement than at the primary replacement. The actuarial percentage of freedom from valve-related events at 3 years, 5 years, and at 10 years, was 50%, 37%, and 8%, respectively. Conclusions: Mitral valve replacement in patients younger than 6 years of age can be performed relatively safely, but meticulous follow-up and appropriate decision making for re-replacement is mandatory for the long-term survival of these patients.     

Quality of life in patients over 70 years of age after heart valve replacement.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies on valve replacement in patients over 70 years of age have been concerned with early and long-term outcome. Little is known, however, of the quality of life (QOL) of survivors following surgery. METHODS: Thirty-one consecutive patients, mean age 74.0+/-3.1 years, who underwent heart valve replacement were reviewed and questioned as to their physical and social activities before and after surgery and compared with 75 patients aged less than 70 years old who underwent similar procedures during the same time interval. QOL was measured by using the Rosser distress and disability scores. RESULTS: Hospital mortality in the elderly group was the same as in the younger group (9.7% vs 2.7%, p = 0.121). Median 5-year survival was 79% in the elderly group and 92% in the younger group (p = 0.068). Overall morbidity due to valve-related complications was 3.55%/patient-year in the elderly group and 2. 35%/patient-year in the younger group, and freedom from all valve-related complications at 5 years was 76%, and 83%, respectively (p = 0.202). There were significant improvements in the distress and disability scores postoperatively (mean interval: 32. 4+/-20.4 months). The QOL value rose from 0.960 to 0.981 in the elderly group (p = 0.0004), and from 0.975 to 0.984 in the younger group (p = 0.07), suggesting that the magnitude of improvement in the elderly group was superior to that in the younger group. CONCLUSIONS: Heart valve replacement in patients over the age of 70 years was associated with reasonable early and mid-term morbidity. We believe that significant improvements in the symptoms, functional status, and QOL of the patients can be expected.     

Intrathoracic ganglioneuroma in an elderly patient over 70 years of age

We herein present an exceedingly rare case of intrathoracic ganglioneuroma that was surgically resected in an elderly patient over 70 years of age. A 74-year-old woman was asymptomatic, but a computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax indicated the presence of a posterior mediastinal mass paravertebrally. A thoracotomy was thus performed under a strongly suggested diagnosis of a neurogenic tumor because of the appearance and position of the mass on the chest CT and magnetic resonance imaging findings, and measuring 6.9 × 5.8 × 1.6 cm. Not only tumors originating from the nerve sheath, but also neurogenic tumors occurring in young patients such as ganglioneuroma, should be included in the different diagnosis of posterior mediastinal tumor occurring in elderly patients.     

70岁以上脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床及手术治疗特点

目的：探讨70岁以上高龄脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床和手术治疗特点。方法：对33例70～87岁颈椎减压手术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，术前、术后采用JOA评分标准评定。结果：术前JOA评分3～12分，平均7.2分。术后平均随访21．5个月，JOA评分8～16分，平均11．7分，改善率13％～84％，平均45.2％。优2例，良13例，可18例，无变化2例。结论：70岁以上脊髓型颈椎病患者病程长，颈椎间盘突出位置高，术前神经功能差，手术减压效果低于其他年龄组，但可改善患者的日常生活自理能力。     

70岁以上老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植手术的临床观察

目的：分析我院70岁以上老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植手术的临床特点。方法收集70岁以上老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植手术共232例病例资料进行分析,其中行单纯冠状动脉旁路移植手术208例,加做二尖瓣置换或二尖瓣瓣环成形手术11例,加做主动脉瓣置换手术6例,加做二尖瓣及主动脉瓣双瓣膜置换手术1例,加做纵隔或心包肿物切除手术5例,加做室壁瘤切除手术1例。结果手术后出现呼吸功能衰竭8例、伤口愈合不良6例、手术后出血行二次开胸止血4例,围手术期心肌梗死2例、Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞1例,心包填塞1例。死亡2例。结论70岁以上老年患者行冠状动脉旁路移植手术总体效果满意,手术可提高患者生活质量,延长生存时间。     

Mitral valve replacement in patients younger than 6 years of age.

We present our experience in mitral valve replacement (including left-sided tricuspid valve in corrected transposition) in patients younger than 6 years of age. The long term results were examined with special focus on re-replacement of the valve. Between 1974 and 1995, we performed mitral valve replacement in 14 patients younger than 6 years of age, with no operative mortality. There were 3 late deaths, caused by endocarditis, valve thrombosis, and congestive heart failure, respectively. The five-year-survival rate after primary replacement was 85%, and the ten-year-survival rate was 75%, using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Ten patients (11 occasions) required repeated mitral valve replacements at 2 months to 17 years after the original replacement. The indication for the second or third mitral valve replacement was paravalvular leakage (2 patients), valve thrombosis (1 patient), degeneration in the porcine prosthesis (3 patients), and patient outgrowth of the original small prosthesis (5 patients). Again there was no operative mortality. One patient who suffered from multiple occasions of valve thrombosis died at two years after the second replacement. All patients who had outgrown the prosthetic valve received larger prosthesis at the second replacement than at the primary replacement. The actuarial percentage of freedom from valve-related events at 3 years, 5 years, and at 10 years, was 50%, 37%, and 8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve replacement in patients younger than 6 years of age can be performed relatively safely, but meticulous follow-up and appropriate decision making for re-replacement is mandatory for the long-term survival of these patients.