Sural nerve conduction studies and late responses in children undergoing hemodialysis

Physiologic evidence of peripheral neuropathy has been described previously in children undergoing hemodialysis. In order to detect early or subclinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy, several newer electrophysiologic techniques, including latencies of late responses (H reflex and F response) and sural nerve sensory studies, were evaluated in addition to routine motor and sensory conduction in 17 randomly selected children (mean age 14.2 years) undergoing hemodialysis (12 of whom had no clinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy) and 20 age-matched normal control subjects. Conventional motor and sensory conduction studies of median and ulnar nerves and motor conduction of peroneal and tibial nerves showed abnormalities of motor conduction in 5 (29%) and abnormalities of sensory conduction in 2 (12%). Sural nerve sensory potentials were abnormal in 10 (59%) patients. Late response were significantly abnormal in 10 (59%) patients, 5 (29%) of whom had normal routine motor conduction studies in the same nerve distribution. The abnormalities of late responses and motor and sensory conduction were more evident in lower limbs. Studies of late responses and sural sensory conduction provide a method of detecting subclinical neuropathy in this patient population at a time when results of conventional motor and sensory conduction tests are within normal limits. Effects of dialysis may then be followed quantitatively in patients whose neuropathy would otherwise be undetectable.     

干燥综合征伴周围神经病变的临床电生理与病理特点

目的 探究干燥综合征伴周围神经病变的临床电生理与病理特点.方法 以2018年1月至2021年1月收治的50例干燥综合征伴周围神经病变患者为试验组,同时以50例干燥综合征不伴周围神经病变患者为对照组.分析试验组临床电生理以及病理特点,比较两组患者临床表现的差异性.结果 试验组感觉神经传导异常患者中,10.00％为尺神经受...     

尿毒症患者周围神经的电生理研究

目的研究尿毒症患者周围神经的电生理表现。方法选择尿毒症患者24 例及同期健康对照者19 例,采用常规表面电极对胫后神经、腓总神经、腓肠神经及皮肤交感反应进行检查,观察尿毒症患者周围神经的电生理表现。结果两组运动传导、感觉传导及交感皮肤反应潜伏期均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。电生理表现主要为F 波的潜伏期延长,传导速度减慢,潜伏期延长,感觉纤维受累重于运动纤维。结论尿毒症性周围神经病是尿毒症最常见的并发症之一,神经电生理的异常明显早于临床症状,周围神经的电生理检查对该病的诊断及评价具有重要意义。     

Sural nerve conduction: a standardized technique.

Occasionally patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of mild peripheral neuropathy, after routine nerve conduction and electromyographic studies, are found to have values within normal limits. Several authors have suggested that sural nerve conduction studies might be more sensitive indicators of mild peripheral neuropathy. Normal values for sural nerve latencies, amplitudes and conduction velocities have been reported; however, the techniques used have not generally been rigidly standardized. This study describes a standardized and reproducible method of performing human sural nerve conduction studies and presents values obtained from systematically studying a series of 56 normal volunteers.     

Nerve conduction velocity determinations in juvenile diabetes: continuing study of 190 patients.

Few prospective studies on the concomitant finding of neuropathy in juvenile diabetics exist. An ongoing study of motor and sensory nerve conduction determinations in 190 diabetic children, with sequential studies in 108 of them over an eight-year period, is the subject of this report. The incidence of neuropathy in our sample population under five years of age is neglible. In the children over five years of age, 8% had abnormal nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the peroneal nerve, 4.5% had abnormal median motor and sensory NCV on initial study. In the sequential studies of the children over five years of age, the percentage of abnormal NCV rose from 14% to 48% as the duration of diabetes increased from one year to more than five years. It is the older juvenile diabetics with the longest duration of diabetes who would appear to have the highest incidence of neuropathy.     

皮肤交感反应早期诊断糖尿病周围神经病的价值分析

目的探讨皮肤交感反应(SSR)对糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)的早期诊断价值。方法 2型糖尿病患者200例,其中有周围神经损害症状组(有症状组)100例、无周围神经损害症状组(无症状组)100例,正常对照组60例,均进行四肢感觉、运动神经传导检测(NCS)和SSR检测。结果糖尿病患者感觉神经异常比例高于运动神经,下肢神经损害的程度重于上肢(均P0.05);四肢NCS正常的52例糖尿病患者中SSR异常率达67.3%(35/52)。无症状组与有症状组SSR异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);糖尿病患者单独应用SSR检测的总异常率为81.5%,应用NCS检测的总异常率为74.0%,两种检测技术异常率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);糖尿病患者SSR联合NCS检测的总异常率高达90.0%,有症状组、无症状组联合检测的异常率均明显高于单独使用NCS检测的异常率(均P0.05)。结论糖尿病患者在无症状早期即存在不同程度的周围神经病变,感觉神经、运动神经、自主神经均可受累,且以小纤维神经受累为主,随症状出现周围神经损害进一步加重。NCS是诊断DPN的基本检查,将其与SSR联合进行检测,能明显提高亚临床型DPN的早期检出率。     

Secondary changes in segmental neurons below a spinal cord lesion in man

The function of sensory and motor neurons below the level of a spinal cord injury (SCI) was assessed in 23 patients by recording the nerve conduction velocities and the amplitudes of evoked nerve and muscle compound action potentials for sural and posterior tibial nerves. Sensory and motor conduction velocities were generally normal when obtainable. Two patients had a unilateral reduction in the sural nerve and abductor hallucis muscle compound action potentials which may have been due to peripheral nerve compression. In 11 patients the abductor hallucis muscle compound action potential was below the normal range, while sural nerve action potentials remained within the normal range. Motor unit counts showed a reduction in the number of functioning motor units in these muscles.     

Peripheral Nerve Ultrasound in Small Fiber Polyneuropathy

Routine nerve conduction studies are normal in patients with small fiber neuropathy (SFN), and a definitive diagnosis is based on skin biopsy revealing reduced intra-epidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). In large fiber polyneuropathy, ultrasound (US) parameters indicate enlargement in cross-sectional area (CSA). This study was aimed at determining if similar changes in large fibers on US are apparent in patients with SFN. Twenty-five patients with SFN diagnosed by reduced IENFD and 25 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls underwent US studies of sural and superficial peroneal sensory nerves. The mean CSA of the sural nerve in SFN patients was 3.2 ± 0.8 mm², and in controls, 2.7 ± 0.6 mm² (p < 0.0070), and this was independent of sex. There was no difference in the thickness-to-width ratio or echogenicity of the nerves. US of the sural nerve in patients diagnosed with small fiber neuropathy reveals an enlarged cross-sectional area similar to that in large fiber polyneuropathy.     

Relationship between electroneurographic changes and serum ubiquitin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate any relationship between serum ubiquitin levels and electroneurographic changes in peripheral nerves for patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study involved 34 patients (19 men, 15 women; mean age 46 +/- 13 years) with type 2 diabetes. Serum ubiquitin values were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Measurement of nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was performed on three motor (median, tibial, and peroneal) and three sensory (median, ulnar, and sural) nerves. The value of motor compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was obtained from the sum of median, tibial, and peroneal motor nerve amplitudes, and sensory compound nerve action potential (CNAP) was computed as the sum of median and ulnar sensory nerve amplitudes. RESULTS: Patients with diabetes were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 8) had normal electroneurography results, group 2 (n = 8) had slowed NCV, and group 3 (n = 18) had low values of motor CMAP and/or sensory CNAP as well as slowed NCV. Mean ubiquitin level in group 3 (20.4 +/- 2.9 ng/dl) was significantly higher than that in group 1 (11.2 +/- 1.1 ng/dl, t = 11.5, P < 0.0001) and group 2 (13.2 +/- 2.7 ng/dl, t = 5.9, P < 0.0001). Serum ubiquitin levels were inversely correlated with motor CMAP (r = -0.68) and sensory CNAP (r = -0.61) values. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that there could be a relationship between the diminished amplitudes of axons of the peripheral nerve and the increase in serum ubiquitin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are required to confirm this relationship.     

Electrophysiologic recovery after vitamin E-deficient neuropathy.

A case report is presented of an electrophysiologic recovery from vitamin E-deficient neuropathy after treatment with water-soluble vitamin E in a patient with chronic hepatobiliary disease. The patient was a 64-year-old man who had experienced progressive difficulty in ambulation, with ataxia, over the previous 3 years. The symptoms were associated with pain, tingling sensation in the extremities, and reduced fine motor activity. The patient had chronic hepatobiliary disease, with recurrent cholangitis and external drainage of bile acid through a T-tube for more than 20 years. Vitamin E level was barely detectable (<0.5 mg/L). Sensory conduction was absent in both sural nerves. Other sensory and motor conduction studies in the upper and lower extremities showed decreased amplitude. The patient was treated with water-soluble vitamin E. After 4 months of therapy, his ambulation function improved, but pain and tingling sensation in both hands remained. Sensory nerve action potentials appeared in both sural nerves, and amplitudes of other sensory nerves were increased. In a second follow-up study after 9 months, all of the evaluated parameters in the nerve conduction studies, as well as the vitamin E level, were normal. The authors conclude that vitamin E-deficient neuropathy is reversible and electrophysiologic recovery can occur with water-soluble vitamin E therapy.     

H-reflex latency in uremic neuropathy: correlation with NCV and clinical findings.

Sixty-two uremic patients on dialysis of varying durations were tested bilaterally for posterior tibial nerve H-reflex latency, at 3-month intervals. Bilateral nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) of the peroneal, tibial, and sural nerves were concomitantly determined in all subjects. Proprioception sense, vibration perception threshold at the great toes, and deep tendon reflexes at the knee and ankle were determined in all subjects on the day of electrodiagnostic testing. The sensitivity of the H-reflex latency in detection of the onset and severity of uremic neuropathy was assessed. H-reflex latency changes were compared to NCV and clinical test results. The following was found: (1) of the parameters studied, the H-reflex latency appeared to be the most sensitive indicator of early uremic polyneuropathies, (2) electrodiagnostic tests were more sensitive to the onset of neuropathies than the clinical testing parameters studied, and (3) the sural sensory nerve appeared to be involved earlier than peroneal and tibial motor nerves in neuropathies studied.     

Diabetic neuropathy: electrophysiologic abnormalities of distal lower extremity sensory nerves

Electrophysiologic parameters of the medial dorsal cutaneous (MDC) and the sural nerves were analyzed in 119 diabetic patients with clinical signs and symptoms of neuropathy. Fifty-five patients were insulin dependent (ID), mean age 47.4, and 64 were non-insulin dependent (NID), mean age 55.2. Using age-adjusted criteria for the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude and for conduction velocity (CV), the relative sensitivity of each parameter and the extent of concordance between them within each diabetic group were investigated. In mild neuropathy it was found that: 1) 43% (ID group) and 39% (NID group) had abnormalities of both parameters in both nerves; 2) 10% of MDC nerves and 12% of sural nerves were normal; 3) only 48% of the nerves studied had abnormalities of both parameters; 4) single parameter abnormalities were found with equal frequency. It is concluded that: 1) there is a high degree of concordance between corresponding parameters of the two nerves within each diabetic group; similar abnormalities occur within each group but are manifested at an earlier age in the ID group. 2) In mild diabetic neuropathy, (A) greater than 10% of sensory nerves studied may be normal; (B) less than 50% of nerves studied will have abnormalities of both parameters; (C) since single parameter abnormalities occur with almost equal frequency, both parameters should be taken into account for correct interpretation; (D) the evaluation of both parameters in two lower extremity sensory nerves increases diagnostic sensitivity.     

正常人周围神经传导速度40例分析

目的:研究健康成人周围神经运动传导速度(motor-nerveconductionve-locity,MCV)和感觉传导速度(sensory-nerveconductionvelocity,SCV)的正常值,为诊断周围神经疾病提供依据。方法:健康志愿者40例,年龄22～53岁,男女各20例。分别检测双侧正中神经、尺神经、胫神经及腓神经MCV和双侧正中神经、尺神经及胫神经SCV。分析指标包括潜伏期、波幅及神经传导速度(nerveconductionvelocity,NCV)。结果:NCV在正常人男女之间、左右侧肢体之间的差异在统计学上无显著性意义(P>0.05),并且随着年龄的增加而逐渐减慢。结论:NCV检测是周围神经病的重要诊断技术之一,而正常值的确定是临床诊断的前提。不同年龄组应采用各自的正常值。     

Electrodiagnostic changes of the lower limbs in subjects with chronic complete cervical spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To assess the electrodiagnostic changes in the lower limbs as measured by nerve conduction studies (NCSs) and electromyography in individuals with chronic complete tetraplegia. DESIGN: Prospective testing of NCS and electromyography. SETTING: Model spinal cord injury rehabilitation center. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five individuals with chronic complete tetraplegia without risk factors for peripheral neuropathy or other lower motoneuron disorders. INTERVENTIONS: Nerve conduction parameters recorded from the peroneal, tibial, and sural nerves, and compared with normal values. The presence of spontaneous activity (SA), including fibrillation and positive sharp waves, recorded in 5 muscle groups-2 proximal (vastus medialis, iliopsoas), 2 distal (tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius), and L4 lumbar paraspinals. Analysis to see if the presence of SA correlated with the distance of the muscle from the spinal cord or with spasticity (measured by the modified Ashworth scale). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nerve conduction latencies and velocities; motor and sensory conduction latencies; compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and sensory nerve action potential amplitudes; spontaneous potentials: fibrillation and positive sharp waves; and spasticity. RESULTS: NCS responses were obtained at a decreased frequency relative to able-bodied subjects. Statistically significant results in comparison to normal means included a diminished sural amplitude, and diminished peroneal and tibial CMAP and nerve conduction velocity (p <.0001). SA was recorded in at least 1 of the muscles tested in 92% of subjects, with 72% having SA in more than 1 of the muscles tested affected. A significant difference was seen for SA in the medial gastrocnemius as compared with the iliopsoas (p =.039). No correlation was noted in terms of SA with degree of spasticity. CONCLUSION: A statistically significant difference in NCS responses in the lower limbs in chronic tetraplegia was found relative to normal control values. However, only the frequency of responses elicited and the decreased CMAP of the peroneal nerve are clinically significant. SA was present in many of the lower extremity muscles in the subjects. Predominantly axonal changes were evident in individuals with chronic complete tetraplegia.     

糖调节受损患者神经电生理分析

目的 探讨糖调节受损（IGR）患者神经损害的临床和电生理特点。方法 对40例IGR患者（IGR组）、2型糖尿病患者（T2DM组）40例及30例健康对照者（对照组）进行四肢神经传导检测,对空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2小时血糖（2 hPBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血脂、运动及感觉神经传导速度等指标进行分析。结果 与对照组比较,IGR组胫神经感觉神经传导速度（NCV）减慢（P<0.05）;T2DM组各神经NCV均减慢（P<0.05）,以胫神经、腓总神经减慢显著（P<0.01）。IGR组和T2DM 组感觉神经传导异常程度重于运动神经,下肢重于上肢（P<0.05）。FBG、2 hPBG、HbA1c水平是IGR患者发生神经传导异常的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 IGR患者早期神经损害在血糖轻微出现异常时已出现,电生理检查有助于早期发现临床病变,可用于IGR患者糖尿病性周围神经病变的早期筛查。     

Nerve conduction studies and vibration perception thresholds in diabetic and uremic neuropathy.

Two parameters of nerve conduction studies (nerve conduction velocities and amplitudes of the evoked sensory and motor responses) were compared with quantitative vibration perception thresholds (VPT) in patients with peripheral neuropathy (diabetes mellitus and/or end-stage renal disease). VPT measurements were made using a "two-alternative, forced-choice" method in which the patient is required to identify which of the two rods is vibrating at progressively decreasing vibration intensities. VPTs correlated significantly with nerve conduction velocities in all upper and lower extremity sensory and motor nerves tested, and with the amplitudes of the evoked motor responses in three motor nerves: median and ulnar (motor components) and tibial. For the median and ulnar nerves (motor components) the amplitudes of the evoked motor responses were more sensitive than nerve conduction velocities in correlation with VPTs. Comparison of VPT values, based upon whether or not evoked sensory and motor responses were obtained, indicated that mean VPTs were consistently higher among subjects in whom these evoked responses were not elicited. VPT measurements is thus shown to be a valid and valuable method for evaluation of severity in peripheral neuropathy. It has the advantages of being simple, quick and painless. Patient cooperation and compliance with this form of testing are excellent.     

2型糖尿病并发周围神经病变患者应用中药足浴联合足部护理的效果观察

目的探讨2型糖尿病并发周围神经病变患者应用中药足浴联合足部护理的效果。方法选取2型糖尿病并发周围神经病变的患者120例,随机分成对照组及联合组。联合组给予甲钴胺分散片、中药足浴联合足部护理治疗,对照组给予甲钴胺分散片、温热清水足浴治疗,对比2组患者治疗前后腓肠神经及腓总神经传导速度、治疗效果。结果 2组患者治疗后的腓肠神经和腓总神经传导速度快于治疗前(P0.05),联合组患者治疗后的腓肠神经和腓总神经传导速度快于对照组(P结论中药足浴联合足部护理能改善DNP患者的周围神经病变,提高患者的治疗效果。     

Long-term follow-up of patients with nonparalytic poliomyelitis

OBJECTIVE: To examine patients with previous nonparalytic poliomyelitis in search of muscle atrophy, weakness, and other late symptoms of poliomyelitis. DESIGN: A mailed questionnaire followed up with neurologic and neurophysiologic examinations of respondents who reported symptoms possibly related to the late sequelae of polio. SETTING: Neurology department at a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-nine of 47 patients diagnosed with nonparalytic poliomyelitis and hospitalized at a Norwegian hospital between 1950 and 1954, during the Norwegian polio epidemic. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Electromyography to determine function of the anterior tibialis, vastus lateralis, and biceps brachii muscles; nerve conduction studies of the sural, peroneal, and tibial nerves; motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, and compound muscle and sensory nerve action potentials, and distal latencies. RESULTS: Twenty-five of 47 patients (53.2%) reported symptoms possibly related to the late sequelae of poliomyelitis. Eight of 20 examined symptomatic patients had normal neurologic and neurophysiologic findings, whereas 9 others had other medical conditions that could explain the symptoms. Three patients (6.7%) had neurologic and neurophysiologic findings and development of symptoms consistent with motoneuron damage. CONCLUSION: Some nonparalytic patients may have subclinical acute motoneuron damage with subsequent development and manifestation of motor weakness and neuromuscular symptoms many years later. These symptoms should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients who have a history of nonparalytic poliomyelitis.     

An electrodiagnostic study in chronic alcoholic subjects

Electrodiagnostic tests were performed on 16 alcoholic subjects and 15 age-matched controls. The tests were done to determine whether nerve conduction parameters differentiate between healthy and alcoholic subjects, and if so, which of these are most useful. Significant differences between alcoholic subjects and controls were found in the following variables: median nerve motor velocity; median nerve sensory latency, amplitude and velocity; ulnar nerve motor amplitude and velocity; ulnar nerve sensory amplitude, latency and velocity; sural nerve sensory amplitude and velocity; and peroneal motor amplitude and velocity. The combination of ulnar and sural sensory conduction velocity tests identified 85% of the chronic alcoholic subjects by stepwise discriminant analysis. Tibial nerve H-reflex latencies were either absent or prolonged in 63% of the subjects. Bilateral facial nerve amplitudes and latencies were normal. The ulnar sensory amplitude and ulnar sensory velocity inversely correlated with the duration of excessive alcohol drinking.     

Abstract 15: H-reflex latencies and sensory and motor nerve action potential latencies among diabetic patients seen at the outpatient service of a tertiary hospital: a correlative study.

Objective: To determine the correlation between the H-reflex latencies and the sensory and motor nerve action potential latencies in detecting diabetic neuropathy. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional. Setting: Outpatient departments of neurology and rehabilitation medicine in a tertiary hospital. Participants: 41 subjects with diabetes. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: H-reflex latencies of the tibial nerve and nerve conduction studies (median motor and sensory, peroneal motor, sural sensory latencies) of the upper and lower extremity of each patient. Results: The correlation between the nerve action potential latencies and the H-reflex latencies was studied using the canonical correlation analysis method. The computed canonical correlation coefficient was .8379 (P=.0001). Conclusions: The findings suggest that there is a strong correlation between H-reflex latencies and sensory and motor nerve action potential latencies among patients with diabetic neuropathy. Based on this study, use of H-reflex latencies is a promising alternative electrophysiologic technique in the investigation of peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes mellitus.