Successful transarterial embolization of idiopathic renal arteriovenous fistula.

A case of idiopathic renal arteriovenous fistula in a 46-year-old woman presenting intensive right renal colic associated to massive hematuria is reported. The renal arteriography confirmed the diagnosis and embolization of the fistula was performed. The transarterial embolization was successful no recurrence is observed after one year follow-up.     

Transcatheter embolization of renal arteriovenous fistula

A patient with malignant hypertension and acute renal failure underwent percutaneous renal biopsy which resulted in the creation of an arteriovenous fistula that communicated with the renal pelvis. Successful segmental embolization with gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) was achieved via a transcatheter approach.     

Catheter embolization of intrarenal arteriovenous fistula formations

Catheter embolization of renal arteriovenous fistulas is an effective alternative treatment to surgery; general anaesthesia is not necessary and the hospitalization is limited to 2-3 days. Suitable catheters, permanent occlusion material, such as butylcyanoacrylate, and balloon occlusion technique provide a safe and successful embolization even in cases with massive arteriovenous malformations.     

多药联合治疗动静脉内瘘栓塞

目的 探讨内瘘闭塞后再通术,延长动静脉内瘘的使用寿命.方法 对22例（23例次）动静脉内瘘栓塞患者在彩超定位血栓部位及范围后,采用4.5号或5号输液针头于血栓两端分点注射尿激酶,结束前加用低分子肝素,第2、第3天于桡动脉处微泵使用小剂量尿激酶,第4～7天改服华法林抗凝;观察患者的再通情况及出凝血功能,调节药物的用量、浓度与时间.结果 23例次成功22例次,成功率95.6%,彩超显示残存附壁血栓减少,患者出血及针眼处渗血无增加.结论 采用多药联合治疗动静脉内瘘栓塞效果好,安全.     

Arteriocalyceal fistula after grafted kidney biopsy. Successful management by selective catheter embolization

A case is reported of arteriocalyceal fistula occuring after biopsy of a grafted kidney. Hematuria and anuria were relieved by the therapeutic embolic occlusion.     

Congenital arteriovenous fistula of the kidney

A patient with a congenital arteriovenous fistula has been presented. The peculiar anomalous vascular pattern is the first to be described in the literature.     

Paravertebral arteriovenous fistula treated by endovascular coil embolization

A 41-year-old man, without underlying health problems or traumatic episodes, presented with a rare paravertebral arteriovenous fistula (AVF) causing radiculopathy manifesting as gradually progressive right grip weakness, and right thumb, index, and middle finger numbness. Digital subtraction angiography revealed a high flow, single hole paravertebral AVF fed by the right thyrocervical trunk that drained into the epidural venous plexus. The patient underwent endovascular embolization of the AVF via the transarterial approach. The fistula was completely occluded by coil embolization. Postembolization, clinical symptoms improved and 6-month follow-up angiography showed no recurrence of the fistula. Paravertebral AVF is a rare vascular malformation occurring outside the dura mater, fed by dural or epidural branches, and draining primarily into the epidural venous plexus. Paravertebral AVF is usually asymptomatic because of a "reflux-impending mechanism" within the dural sleeves that prevents retrograde drainage into the perimedullary veins. However, in the present case, mechanical compression of the radicular nerve due to a dilated epidural venous plexus resulted in neurological symptoms. We conclude that endovascular surgery is an effective treatment strategy for paravertebral AVF.     

Successful embolization of a spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula with cellulose acetate polymer solution: technical case report

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistulae are rarely reported in the literature and can be treated via both endovascular and direct surgical approaches. Coils, glues, and balloons have all been used to embolize these fistulae. Cellulose acetate polymer (CAP) solution is a liquid embolic material that was originally developed for thrombosis of cerebral aneurysms. This is the first report of CAP solution being used to treat a spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula, with changes in the viscosity of the solution. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 15-year-old boy experienced spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage without any neurological deficits. A radiological examination revealed a spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula (Type 2) at the L1 level. INTERVENTION: Transarterial embolization was performed with local anesthesia. The microcatheter was navigated through the anterior spinal artery to a site just proximal to the fistula. After provocative testing demonstrated negative results, CAP solution was injected and the fistula was completely closed, without complications. The patient experienced an uneventful postoperative course. CONCLUSION: We describe the usefulness of CAP solution in the treatment of a spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula. This procedure must be performed for a larger series of patients for assessment of its long-term results.     

肾动静脉瘘的血管造影诊断与超选择性栓塞治疗(附19例报告)

目的总结肾动静脉瘘的诊治经验,提高肾动静脉瘘的诊治效果。方法回顾性分析我院19例肾动静脉瘘患者诊治的临床资料。结果19例肾动静脉瘘患者经肾动脉造影明确诊断,并行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗,全部治愈。随访5个月至3年,无症状复发。结论选择性肾动脉造影和栓塞术是诊治肾动静脉瘘的重要方法。     

血管内栓塞治疗髓周动静脉瘘效果

目的 观察血管内栓塞治疗髓周动静脉瘘(PMAVF)的效果。方法 回顾性分析8例接受血管内栓塞治疗的PMAVF患者资料,记录治疗后即刻及6个月后复查DSA所见;对比治疗前及6个月后改良Aminoff-Logue评分(mALS)。结果 8例PMAVF中,Ⅰ型2例、Ⅱ型5例、Ⅲ型1例;对其中3例以Onyx胶栓塞、5例以Glubran胶栓塞。治疗结束后即刻造影提示8例瘘口均被完全栓塞;6个月后复查脊髓DSA显示瘘口无复发。8例中1例痊愈、7例改善;治疗后6个月mALS(2.25±2.12)低于治疗前(5.50±2.39)(P<0.05)。结论 血管内栓塞能安全、有效治疗PMAVF。     

Onyx embolization of high-flow spontaneous cervical vertebral arteriovenous fistula

Background and Importance: High-flow spontaneous vertebral arteriovenous shunts in patients with fibromuscular disease (FMD) are rare. Onyx embolizaton of the recipient veins with shunt disconnection and preservation of the affected vertebral artery in a patient with FMD has not been reported. Clinical Presentation: A 59-year-old female presented with progressive dizziness, pre-syncopal episodes, and tinnitus. Catheter-based angiography identified features of fibromuscular dysplasia and a high-flow right cervical vertebral artery arteriovenous shunt. Onyx embolization of the principle draining veins was performed with initial detachable coil placement. Complete disconnection of the shunt was achieved without sacrifice of the parent vertebral artery. Conclusion: Spontaneous high-flow vertebral arteriovenous shunts can be successfully occluded with Onyx/detachable coil embolization of the principle recipient veins.     

Giant high-flow renal arteriovenous fistula treated by percutaneous embolization

We report the case of a giant renal arteriovenous fistula after renal biopsy in a 30-year-old man with hematuria and hypertension. We performed percutaneous endovascular embolization using macrocoils to exclude the fistula. The patient made an uneventful recovery with no further hematuria and progressive reduction of blood pressure. Follow-up by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) at 6 months showed complete occlusion of the fistula with no evidence of renal parenchymal infarction. Although giant renal arteriovenous fistulas are generally treated by nephrectomy, this case shows that embolization is a reasonable alternative to surgery.     

Development of a dural arteriovenous fistula around the jugular valve after transvenous embolization of cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula

BACKGROUND: Endovascular therapy for dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) is not without any risks, although it has been generally accepted to be a safe procedure. In this paper, we report a very rare complication: metachronous DAVF around a jugular valve 4 months after transvenous embolization. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 43-year-old woman presented with left proptosis, chemosis, and double vision. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a left cavernous DAVF. The patient's symptoms resolved almost completely after embolization with platinum coils via the superior ophthalmic vein. Four months later, angiography revealed a metachronous DAVF around a jugular valve. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, only four such cases have been reported in the literature. Careful follow-up of patients treated with transvenous embolization and accumulation of such cases are needed to understand the pathogenesis of multiple DAVFs.     

介入栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的疗效分析

目的 探讨介入栓塞硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的可行性和有效性.方法 自2010年12月至2012年5月共治疗104例SDAVF患者,选择符合条件的26例进行栓塞治疗.男性22例,女性4例,男女比例5.5:1;年龄34 ～81岁,平均55.9岁.SDAVF分别位于胸段10例、腰段9例、骶段7例.主要表现为双下肢进行性麻木无力和大小便障碍,病程1～ 156个月,平均17.1个月.栓塞材料使用ONYX-18液态栓塞剂或Glubran-2外科胶,未完全栓塞的患者,择期行手术治疗.治疗后3个月行脊髓功能评价和MRI检查,6个月行脊髓功能评价、MRI和脊髓血管造影检查.结果 26例患者中有15例达到即刻完全栓塞的影像学标准.使用ONYX-18栓塞20例,14例完全栓塞;应用Glubran-2栓塞6例,仅1例完全栓塞.10例胸段患者中仅3例获得完全栓塞,16例腰骶段患者中,12例完全栓塞.未完全栓塞的患者2周内均行手术治疗.所有病例于术后3和6个月复查MRI,6个月复查DSA.完全栓塞患者症状术后即刻均有不同程度的好转,6个月随访时肌力和大小便功能均有较明显的改善,MRI显示脊髓水肿消失,蛛网膜下腔的迂曲血管影消失.复查脊髓DSA均未见病变残留或复发.所有经过栓塞治疗的患者,术后未出现症状加重或新发症状.结论 部分SDAVF,尤其病变位于腰骶部的患者,适宜栓塞治疗,栓塞的材料和方法需要进一步探讨.