Ca-transporting system of the left ventricular sarcoplasmic reticulum in the rat heart and damage to its membrane during ischemia and reperfusion

Ischemia and reperfusion of various duration are shown to result in a nonlinear increase in the level of free Ca in myocardial homogenates. A striking dissociation has been observed in the effect of ischemia and reperfusion on the rate of Ca transport in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, on the one hand, and the permeability of its membranes on the other. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 130–135, February, 1994     

Anti-ischemic effect of a new oxynicotinic acid derivative

The effect of a new derivative of oxynicotinic acid (KONA) on experimental cerebral ischemia is examined in rats. It is demonstrated that a single dose of the preparation (30 mg/kg) significantly decreases the severity of ischemic damage and increases the survival of the animals after bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. Comparison with xanthinol-nicotinate shows the advantages of the new preparation. Although KONA does not inhibit free-radical oxidationin vitro, it does lower the content of free-radical oxidation products in rat blood plasma to the normal level. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 49–51, July, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Changes in rhythmoinotropic reactions of the myocardium in chronic ischemia: Pathology or adaptation?

Changes in the organization of the Ca⁺-transporting systems but not disturbances in the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes are shown to occur in chronic coronary heart disease. During a certain stage of CHD the change in rhythmoinotropic relations may reflect adaptive changes induced by functioning of the myocardium under conditions of ischemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 457–459, May, 1994     

Adaptation to periodic hypoxia and a diet supplemented with polyunsaturated class ω-3 fatty acids enhance the resistance of Ca2+ transport in the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum to free-radical oxidation

The relationship between the level of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and the status of the Ca²⁺-transporting system in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the rat myocardium is studied against the background of two cardioprotective factors, namely adaptation to periodic hypoxia and a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 class. It is shown that the diet leads to an increase of level of lipid peroxidation products by 1.8 times in the heart and by 19 times in the liver, whereas a adaptation has no effect on the level of lipid peroxidation products in either of these organs. At the same time, the combined action of both factors considerably enhances the resistance of the myocardial Ca²⁺-transporting system to free radical-induced oxidation. Inin vitro experiments it is shown that adaptation to periodic hypoxia results in a more than twofold deceleration of Ca²⁺ transport inhibition during the oxidation induction by the Fe²⁺/ascorbate system; the diet causes a 3.5-fold deceleration of such inhibition. The results show that the accumulation of a high level of lipid peroxidation products is not always followed by damage to the Ca²⁺-transporting system in the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 42–45, July, 1995 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Structural and functional changes in the brain of rats with different behavioral types at later stages of circulatory hypoxia

Structural changes in the brain were studied at later (one and three months) stages of cerebral hypoxia caused by occlusion of the common carotid arteries, which were indicative of the development of recovery and destructive processes. Brain ultrastructure was found to be better preserved in rats with an active type of behavior one month after the onset of ischemia than in rats of the other groups; motor activity was restored to the baseline level, thus demonstrating a higher rate of recovery processes. Significant ultrastructural damage to the brain at the same stage of ischemia was observed in rats with a passive type of behavior (especially in rats of the middle group), while motor activity was increased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 529–534, November, 1994 Presented by P. V. Simonov, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences     

Effects of ischemia on the development of a deafferentation pain syndrome and on microcirculatory disturbances in rats

In a group of rats with transected sciatic nerve, ischemia of the operated limb produced by femoral artery ligation was found to result in an accelerated onset and increased severity of autotomy as compared to a similar group of rats without ischemia. Biomicroscopic examination of the mesenteric microcirculation showed that the ischemia also intensified disturbances of the terminal blood flow, made the venules more permeable, and increased the percentage of degranulated mast cells. The possible mechanisms by which ischemia promotes the development of chronic pain syndromes are discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 3, pp. 235–237, March, 1994 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of supplementing the rat diet with selenium on the efficiency of essential linoleic acid metabolism

Examination of the fatty-acid composition of lipids contained in the liver, spleen, blood plasma, aggregated lymphatic follicles of the small intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes of rats fed diets supplemented with selenium revealed an appreciable effect of this element on the efficiency with which linoleic acid was metabolized to arachidonic acid, which was reflected in an increased 20:4/18:2 ratio. In contrast, Se was found to have little or no effect on levels of lipid peroxidation products in tissues and blood serum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 136–138, August, 1994     

Effect of substance P on neurological status and behavioral responses altered as a result of prolonged brain ischemia in rats with different types of behavior

Substance P administered 30 min after the onset of cerebral ischemia improved the neurological status and prevented postischemic hyperactivity in rats with a passive type of behavior; had no effect on the neurological status of rats with an intermediate type of behavior but reduced their postischemic hyperactivity; aggravated the neurological status of rats with an active type of behavior without exerting a significant effect on their behavioral responses; and averted a rise in the level of depression in rats of all three groups. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between the type of behavior, manifestations of cerebral ischemia, and the effects of substance P. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 132–136, August, 1995 Presented by P. V. Simonov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Corrective effect of the bronchodilatatory drugs salbutamol and troventol on the regulatory function of lymphocytes from atopic bronchial asthma patientsin vitro

It is shown that salbutamol and troventol possess bronchodilatatory and immunocorrective effects in bronchial asthma when the intracellular ratio of cyclic nucleotides in the organism is normalized. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 146–149, February, 1994 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

DNA-Bound lipids of thermoresistant and thermolabileShigella sonnei strains

Thin-layer chromatography of DNA-bound lipids of thermolabile and thermoresistantShigella sonnei strains shows a lower content of neutral lipids and higher contents of polyglycerophosphatides and cholesterol in thermoresistant strains. This is regarded as a factor providing for the active state of DNA. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 332–333, September, 1995     

Kinetics of lipid unsaturation in blood plasma of mice with Lewis carcinoma

The extreme nature of changes of lipid unsaturation in plasma of mice with Lewis carcinoma is demonstrated. The maximal activation of lipid peroxidation is observed on days 7–9 after transplantation and correlates with the exponential growth of the tumor. From the 9th day the level of double bonds in plasma lipids increases, this coinciding with the first appearance of metastases in the lungs. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 631–632, December, 1994 Presented by S. M. Navashin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Cellular composition of the lymphoid tissue of splenic structural components in mice during exercise

Experiments with BALB/c mice demonstrated that dosed exercise (swimming) induced changes at the organ and tissue level indicative of weakening of the immunity system. Changes in the cytoarchitectonics of various structural components of the spleen point to a more intensive development of the adaptation processes during vigorous exercise in comparison with moderate exercise Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 166–168, August, 1994 Presented by M. R. Sapin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The development of free radical processes in experimental bronchospasm. Effect of the bronchodilator preparation troventol

The development of bronchospasm is shown to be accompanied by lipid peroxidation (LPO) activation; 3-fold and 8-fold rises of malondialdehyde concentration are found in homogenate of lung from sensitized animals and from animals provoked with egg albumin antigen, respectively. The use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) reveals that in sensitized rats the production of oxygen free radicals is increased by alveolar macrophages activated with phorbol myristate acetate. Troventol at 10⁻³ mg/ml inhibits the CL response of phagocytes both in intact and in sensitized rats and lowers the level of Fe²⁺-induced LPO in lung tissue but not in the liver of intact animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 619–621, June, 1994     

Kynurenic acid inhibition of an experimental epileptogenic focus in the rat hippocampus

Kynurenic acid introduced in an epileptogenic focus through an electrochemotrode before the creation of the focus was found to reduce the intensity of epileptiform discharges between seizures and of electrographic correlates of seizures on the electroencephalogram. Administration of kynurenic acid led to the appearance of a slow Θ-rhythm dominating in all the leads. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5, pp. 521–522, May, 1995 Presented by S. N. Golikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Seasonal differences in the development of heightened resistance of the isolated heart during adaptation to physical exercise

Substantial seasonal differences are found in the development of the cardioprotective effect of adaptation to physical exercise: in winter such adaptation results in an increase of the resistance of the isolated heart to the contracture and arrhythmogenic effects of ischemia and reperfusion, while in summer the anticontracture effect is absent and the antiarrythmic effect is significantly lowered. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 299–301, September, 1995 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Stimulation of peritoneal macrophage activity in rats with experimental peritonitis during transfusion of UV-irradiated blood

Three transfusions of blood irradiated at 254 nm induce an increase of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in rats with peritonitis in comparison with infusion of intact blood. Addition of aspirin, an inhibitor of enzymatic peroxidation of lipids, to the irradiated portion of the blood before irradiation abolishes this stimulating effect. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 140–142, February, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Vladimirov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of hemodilution and hemoconcentration on postischemic alterations of microvessels in rabbit paired auricles

Morphometric parameters of microvessels in paired rabbit ears and blood sampled from the internal vein were studied after ischemia reproduced under conditions of prior hemodilution and hemoconcentration. In hemodilution the postischemic alterations were found to be more pronounced in microvessels of the left ear, while for the right the same was true for rheological characteristics of the outflowing blood. Under conditions of hemoconcentration after ischemia the changes in rheological indexes were more marked on the left and in vasomotor indexes on the right. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 352–354, March, 1996 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Impact of febrile reactions on the distribution of carbohydrate and protein metabolic products in body fluids

It is shown that in rabbits with fever the lymphatic system is involved together with the circulatory system in the resorption of metabolic products from intercellular spaces of organs and tissues and in the transport of these products to the general circulation. In cases of a long-lasting febrile reaction, the toxicity of lymph greatly increases as a consequence of a rise in its content of creatinine and urea. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 584–586, June 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of ethanol concentration on the maximal specific growth rate and biomass composition ofYarrowia lipolytica mutant strain No. 1

the effect of ethanol concentration on the maximal specific growth rate and biomass composition ofYarrowia lipolytica No. 1 was studied during culturing in the pH-auxostat mode. Growth inhibition set in starting from a 2.64 g/liter residual concentration of ethanol. The constant of ethanol inhibition was 11.0 g/liter. Growth inhibition with ethanol was associated with changes of the fatty-acid composition of lipids and a resultant reduction of lipid unsaturation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 71–73, January, 1996 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in the brain of rats exposed to acute emotional stress: Effect of interleukin-1β

Acute emotional stress is shown to raise the level of malonic dialdehyde in the hypothalamus of August rats. After intraventricular administration of interleukin-1β, the malonic dialdehyde level and the activity of antioxidant enzymes tended to rise selectively in the hypothalamus (but not in the sensorimotor cortex) of August, Wistar, and WAG rats. In the presence of this interleukin, acute emotional stress did not cause increases in lipid peroxidation products in the hypothalamus of August rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 244–247, September, 1995