国人血浆总同型半胱氨酸水平与冠心病关联

目的 探讨血浆总同型半胱氨酸水平升高是否增加国人冠心病(CHD)的危险。方法 分析1698例经冠状动脉造影确诊的CHD患者、302例冠状动脉造影阴性者及500名健康人的血浆总同型半胱氨酸、血脂及血糖水平与CHD及其它危险因素的关系。结果:(1)CHD组男女患者的血浆总同型半胱氨酸水平及异常检出率(％)[男:16.43±1.60μmol/L,(51.3％);女:14.38±11.51μmol/L,(39.3％]均明显高于冠造阴性组(男:13.70±1.49μmol/L,(34.1％);女:12.27±1.39μL,(22.0％)及健康对照组(男:12.37±1.32μmol/L,(24.7％);女:10.65±1.31μmol/L,(10.0％),且急性心肌梗死组>陈旧性心肌梗死组>心绞痛组(P<0.001)同时,CHD组患者的吸烟、冠心病家族史、高血压及糖尿病的百分率和总胆固醇、LDL-C水平等亦明显高于,而HDL-C水平却明显低于健康对照组及冠造阴性组(P<0.01)。(2)各组男性总同型半胱氨酸水平及异常检出率(％)均高于女性;男性CHD患者的高同型半胱氨酸血症患病率和同型半胱氨酸中、重度增高率分别是女性的1.31和1.56倍(P<0.001);且男性健康者及女性CHD患者的总同型半胱氨酸水平与年龄之间有明显正相关性(r=0.258,P<0.001 andr=0.129,P<0.05)。(3)CHD组高同型半胱氨酸血症患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸水平(22.68±1.50μmol/L,)亦明显     

老年糖尿病患者高同型半胱氨酸血症与肾病及胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病患者血清总同型半胱氨酸(tHcy)水平与不同程度肾病和胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法测定98例老年2型糖尿病患者和36例健康对照者血清tHcy及血糖、血脂、肾功能、胰岛素等指标。结果(1)糖尿病组血清tHcy显著高于对照组[(172±76)μmol/L对(94±35)μmol/L,P<001],糖尿病组tHcy水平随着肾病程度的加重而升高,其中肾功能受损组显著高于无肾病组[(286±79)μmol/L对(157±63)μmol/L,P<0001];(2)与正常tHcy组比较,高tHcy组的年龄、尿酸、肌酐、胰岛素抵抗指数(HomaIR)均显著升高(P<005),肌酐清除率(Ccr)显著降低(P<001);(3)相关分析显示,糖尿病患者血清tHcy水平与肌酐、尿酸、HomaIR、年龄均呈显著正相关,与Ccr呈显著负相关。结论老年糖尿病患者高tHcy血症是肾功能减退及胰岛素抵抗的两个重要相关因素。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度与2型糖尿病视网膜病变的关系

目的　观察空腹血浆总同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)水平与 2型糖尿病视网膜病变发生发展的关系。方法　研究对象为 5 5例 2型糖尿病 (DM)和 19例 (男 12例 ,女 7例 )非DM健康对照者 (CON)。DM组分为两个亚组 :无微血管并发症 (NDC)组 39例 (男 17例 ,女 2 2例 ) ,糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR)组16例 (男 8例 ,女 8例 )。所有患者肾功能和尿白蛋白 /肌酐 (Alb/Cr)均正常。根据眼底荧光造影判断视网膜病变的严重程度。应用高效液相 反相色谱分析和荧光检测的方法测定空腹血浆总Hcy水平。结果　DR组、NDC组和CON组间的血浆总Hcy浓度差异有显著性 (F =2 4 0 5 ,P =0 0 31) ,DR组血浆总Hcy水平 [(14 7± 5 2 8) μmol/L]显著高于NDC组 [(11 3± 4 94) μmol/L]和CON组 [(9 6 5± 2 6 6 )μmol/L]。NDC组与CON组比较差异无显著性。在DR组 ,增殖性视网膜病变 (PDR)亚组总Hcy水平显著高于背景性视网膜病变 (BDR)亚组 (t=2 4 0 5 ,P =0 0 31)。本研究中 ,总Hcy超过 14 97μmol/L即为高同型半胱氨酸血症 ,其中PDR亚组有 4例 ,BDR亚组为 1例。结论　伴视网膜病变的 2型DM患者血浆总Hcy水平高于正常人 ,其中PDR组的血浆总Hcy浓度高于BDR组。空腹血浆同型半胱氨酸水平可能是 2型糖尿病视网膜病变的重要危险因素之一。     

同型半胱氨酸与急性冠状动脉综合征相关性研究

目的:探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)发作期和自身缓解期的相关性。方法:对64例ACS患者的发作期和自身缓解期及64例对照组分别测定血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度并进行比较,同时测定C-反应蛋白对照观察。结果:ACS发作期血浆同型半胱氨酸水平[(26.72±3.2)μmol/L]显著高于对照组[(8.94±2.1)μmol/L]和自身缓解期[(17.88±2.8)μmol/L],均P<0.01。血浆C-反应蛋白在ACS发作期[(14.54±3.1)mg/L]与对照组[(4.36±1.8)mg/L]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与自身缓解期[(13.72±5.3)mg/L]比较,则(P>0.05)。结论:ACS患者发作期血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与ACS的发生有关,是动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的标志;C-反应蛋白对动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的预测比同型半胱氨酸差。     

糖尿病患者血糖和血脂对同型半胱氨酸的影响

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者不同血糖、血脂水平及降血糖治疗对血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的影响。方法对225例无明确并发症和合并症的2型糖尿病患者,分别测定空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、血脂、血浆Hcy。其中病程3个月内患者43例,进行药物等综合降血糖治疗3个月后再检测以上指标。统计分析血糖控制水平及随访前后血糖、血脂指标变化和Hcy的关系。结果血糖控制良好的患者血浆Hcy水平较血糖控制差的显著降低(14.10μmol/L±3.92μmol/L vs 15.44μmol/L±4.28μmol/L,P<0.05);新诊断的患者治疗后血浆Hcy水平也较治疗前显著降低(14.18μmol/L±2.26μmol/L vs 15.25μmol/L±2.41μmol/L,P<0.01),血糖控制较好的患者血浆Hcy水平仍较正常人偏高。相关分析显示,血浆Hcy水平主要与FPG和HbA1c正相关(分别r=0.193、0.274,P<0.01)。结论糖尿病患者的血浆Hcy水平升高,良好控制血糖,可以降低血浆Hcy浓度。     

二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病人对血压影响的研究

目的观察胰岛素增敏剂二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病,降低血浆胰岛素水平、改善胰岛素敏感性后对血压的影响.方法 71例2型糖尿病人口服二甲双胍(格华止)850 mg,qd～bid.治疗前后测定BMI、血压、FBG、PBG、FINS、PINS,并按HOMA模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数和胰岛素分泌指数.结果 (1) 二甲双胍治疗8周后,BMI治疗前后比较无显著性差异;血压治疗后明显下降,降压幅度达 13.1±4.9/4.2±9.9 mmHg, 血压治疗前后比较有显著性差异;(2)治疗后FBG、PBG、FINS均明显下降,治疗前后比较有显著性差异;(3)治疗后HOMA-IR下降,IAI升高,治疗前后比较有显著性差异,但HOMA-IS、FINS/FBG无显著性差异.结论二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病,在降低血浆胰岛素水平、改善IR的同时,伴有血压的明显下降.     

甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的效果评价

目的探讨治疗2型糖尿病中应用甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍的效果。方法对该院2018年2月—2019年2月收治的2型糖尿病68例患者为研究对象,对患者按照随机分组,对照组34例患者应用二甲双胍联合中性低精蛋白新胰岛素治疗,观察组给予患者甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗,比较两组疗效及血糖变化。结果观察组总有效率94.12%;对照组总有效率82.35%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白分别为(5.54±1.18)mmol/L、(7.24±2.18)mmol/L、(6.08±1.02)mmol/L;对照组分别为(6.78±1.58)mmol/L、(8.72±2.81)mmol/L、(7.38±1.21)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病效果显著,值得临床应用。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度关系及强化控制的影响

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)之间的关系及强化控制对血Hcy和IMT的影响。方法应用酶联免疫法测定161例2型糖尿病患者及127名正常对照者的血浆Hcy水平,对糖尿病组给予降糖、降压及调脂治疗随访12个月,检测治疗前后颈动脉IMT、Hcy,分析血浆Hcy水平与IMT之间的关系及强化控制后二者的变化。结果(1)糖尿病组血浆Hcy水平高于正常对照组[(11.9±6.5)μmol/Lvs(9.0±4.9)μmol/L,P<0.01];糖尿病组高Hcy血症(Hcy>15μmol/L)的患病率为36.0%,对照组高Hcy血症的患病率为9.4%(P<0.01)。(2)糖尿病组中的高Hcy组随访12个月后其IMT为(1.01±0.32)mm,而正常Hcy组IMT为(0.83±0.19)mm(P<0.01)。(3)COX回归分析显示,高Hcy血症是2型糖尿病患者IMT增厚的危险因素(P<0.01,OR=1.079,95%CI为1.033~1.127)。结论高Hcy血症可能是2型糖尿病合并早期动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一。     

主动脉夹层和主动脉瘤与高血浆同型半胱氨酸

目的观察主动脉夹层及主动脉瘤患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的水平。方法病例组为确诊的106例主动脉夹层患者及38例主动脉瘤患者,对照组为199例在性别、高血压病史、饮酒史等与病例组相匹配的门诊查体者。常规检测血生化指标,高效液相方法测定血浆同型半胱氨酸。结果主动脉夹层合并主动脉瘤组血浆Hcy水平较对照组增高,分别为(19.75±12.77)μmol/L和(13.43±5.15)μmol/L,(P<0.001),病例组高血浆同型半胱氨酸患者的比率高于对照组,分别为67.4%和38.5%(P<0.01)。主动脉夹层组血浆Hcy水平较主动脉瘤组稍高,分别为(20.25±13.96)μmol/L和(18.76±8.55)μmol/L,但差异不显著。主动脉夹层急性期与慢性期组的血浆Hcy水平无差别。将病例组按性别分层后,血浆Hcy水平与对照组相比,仅女性主动脉瘤组无差异,其余各组均显著增高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论主动脉夹层合并主动脉瘤组血浆Hcy水平较对照组增高,高血浆Hcy与主动脉夹层合并主动脉瘤的发生、发展密切相关。     

吸烟对高血压患者同型半胱氨酸水平的影响

目的探讨吸烟对高血压患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的影响。方法共入选高血压住院患者118例,分为吸烟组50例和不吸烟组68例。采用循环酶法测定空腹血浆Hcy水平。结果 (1)与不吸烟组比较,吸烟组高血压患者血浆Hcy水平明显升高[(16.74±3.60)μmol/L比(9.64±3.12)μmol/L,P<0.01],H型高血压患者比例明显升高(48.0%比8.8%,P<0.001);(2)Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟史是高Hcy血症的独立危险因素(OR=6.269,95%CI 1.503～26.154,P<0.05)。结论吸烟可能是导致高血压患者血浆Hcy水平升高的独立危险因素。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.