旋转皮瓣早期修复深度电烧伤创面

旋转皮瓣早期修复深度电烧伤创面梁履华我科自１９８７年起，应用旋转皮瓣修复小面积电烧伤创面，取得了最大限度地保全组织和功能恢复的良好效果。报道如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料本组２３例，男１８例，女５例。年龄最小８岁，最大４２岁。创面共３１个部位，其中...     

胸脐皮瓣修复深度烧伤创面疗效观察

目的观察胸脐皮瓣早期修复深度烧伤创面的临床应用效果。方法笔者应用胸脐皮瓣(分别采用带蒂转移、岛状转移、游离移植以及与多种皮瓣联合转移的方式)修复39例深度烧伤患者创面,观察皮瓣的成活情况、色泽、弹性,有无瘢痕挛缩导致的功能障碍及供瓣区愈合情况。结果创面彻底清创后未发生明显感染。胸脐皮瓣面积最大为55 cm×27 cm,最远达到同侧腋中线,且皮瓣可跨越腹中线,最远达对侧10 cm,皮瓣全部成活。33例患者随访1-46个月,皮瓣色泽及弹性良好,无瘢痕挛缩导致的功能障碍,供瓣区部位隐蔽,无明显瘢痕形成。结论胸脐皮瓣根据创面大小及部位采用不同的转移方式,是早期修复深度烧伤创面较理想的方法。     

多部位深度烧伤创面的皮瓣修复

高压电击伤、热压伤创面,应用皮瓣、肌皮瓣移植修复是一种有效的方法,具有避免截肢,恢复功能及防止继发性大出血等优点。我们对18例44处热压伤、高压电击伤创面应用36块皮瓣、肌皮瓣移位修复,获得较好效果。1　临床资料本组18例,男性16例,女性2例,年龄23～48岁,高压电击伤13例,热压伤5例,创面共44处,位于上肢、手部43处,颈、枕项部1处。采用了36块皮瓣、肌皮瓣移位修复,其中轴型皮瓣、肌皮瓣31块,任意型皮瓣5块。髂腰部皮瓣26块,前臂逆行岛状皮瓣1块,侧胸皮瓣与背阔肌肌皮瓣联合1块,背阔肌肌皮瓣与髂腰部皮瓣联合1块,单纯背阔肌肌皮瓣2块,中…     

手部电烧伤的皮瓣修复

目的 总结用皮瓣修复手部电烧伤创面的经验与不足,以期不断完善. 方法 收集整理2000年1月-2006年12月武汉市第三医院暨武汉大学同仁医院烧伤研究所收治的425例手部电烧伤患者资料,统计分析其治疗概况及结果,归纳总结行皮瓣移植术患者的皮瓣类型、术后并发症及存在的问题.根据皮瓣修复手术时机,将患者分为受伤7 d内手术组和受伤7 d后手术组,比较2组患者皮瓣成活率及并发症发生率. 结果 425例患者中,348例行手术治疗占90.2%,其中209例行不同类型皮瓣移植共248例次,包括远位带蒂皮瓣202例次占81.5%、局部皮瓣19例次占7.7%、游离皮瓣12例次占4.8%、其他类型组织瓣15例次占6.0%.5例因皮瓣撕脱或坏死改用其他方法治疗.8例皮瓣远端少许坏死,经换药或补植小皮片后愈合.其余皮瓣均完全成活,创面一次修复,功能及外观较满意.受伤7 d内手术组(170例次)和受伤7 d后手术组(78例次)患者,皮瓣成活率分别为98.8%(168/170)及96.2%(75/78),并发症发生率分别为10.6%(18/170)及12.8%(10/78),两指标组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(X~2值分别为0.81、0.27,P值均大于0.05). 结论 可用于修复手部电烧伤创面的皮瓣类型较多.合理选择和设计皮瓣、提高操作的熟练程度及术后正确观察与处理,是取得良好疗效的重要环节.     

肩胛游离皮瓣修复足部电烧伤创面五例

1994年10月-2000年10月．笔应用肩胛游离皮瓣修复足部电烧伤创面5例，效果良好，现介绍如下．     

腹部联合轴型皮瓣修复腕部环状高压电烧伤创面

目的 探讨腕部环状高压电烧伤创面的修复方法. 方法 2009年1月-2011年12月,笔者单位收治6例腕部环状高压电烧伤患者,清创后采用腹部联合轴型皮瓣修复腕部创面,即用带部分腹直肌的脐旁皮瓣修复腕屈侧创面,其中腹直肌充填腕屈侧腔隙;下腹部皮瓣修复腕背侧创面,术后4～5周断蒂.供瓣区部分直接.拢缝合,部分在前鞘拉拢缝合后植皮修复. 结果 3例皮瓣术后成活良好;2例皮瓣下有液化坏死组织,经扩创愈合;1例皮瓣术后5周断蒂时出现腕部桡动脉栓塞,清创后立即行大隐静脉移植重建桡动脉后创面愈合.随访6个月～1年,患者腕部功能和外形恢复情况较好. 结论 带部分腹直肌的脐旁皮瓣联合下腹部皮瓣是修复腕部环状高压电烧伤创面的一条可行途径.     

岛状皮瓣修复手指深度烧伤创面

深度烧伤尤其电烧伤和热压伤往往造成手指肌腱、神经、骨骼的外露或部分坏死,受区多不具备植皮条件,需采用皮瓣进行修复。因组织缺损较大且局部无供瓣条件的可选用远位带蒂皮瓣或游离皮瓣移植的方法;若组织缺损局限则宜采用局部岛状皮瓣或局部皮瓣进行修复。1997年1月～2004年1     

胸脐皮瓣修复肢体电烧伤创面5例

我院于2001年6月～2005年9月收治5例四肢电烧伤,清创后一期或二期用带蒂或游离的胸脐皮瓣或胸脐一腹直肌皮瓣进行修复,疗效满意,报道如下.     

脐旁皮瓣修复腕与前臂部电烧伤创面

目的探讨脐旁皮瓣修复腕与前臂部电烧伤的临床效果。方法1997年～2002年应用脐旁皮瓣修复腕与前臂部电烧伤18例,皮肤软组织缺损10cm×8cm～15cm×12cm。结果18例皮瓣全部成活,外形满意,为后期手腕功能重建创造了良好的条件。结论应用脐旁皮瓣修复手腕与前臂部电烧伤创面方法简便、风险小、成功率高,是良好的组织修复材料。     

复合皮移植修复烧伤功能部位创面疗效评价

目的探讨脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复深度烧伤功能部位创面的疗效。方法 2002年6月-2008年12月,收治30例烧伤及瘢痕整形患者共42个创面。男25例,女5例;年龄3～52岁,中位年龄31岁。烧伤24例35个创面,其中深Ⅱ度23个创面,Ⅲ度12个创面;病程3～45 d,平均24 d。瘢痕整形6例7个创面;病程9～21 d,平均16 d。42个创面分别位于颈部2个,手部4个,前臂及肘部8个,肩部3个,腘窝6个,膝部4个,小腿及足踝部15个。彻底清创、削痂及切除瘢痕后,创面范围为10 cm×10 cm～30 cm×20 cm。采用一步法将脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复创面。结果术后27例39个(92.9%)创面复合皮移植完全成活;3例3个(7.1%)创面复合皮部分坏死,分别经换药和自体皮片移植术后愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间30～34个月,平均32个月。复合皮有轻度色素沉着,外观平整,质地柔软,弹性好,皮肤耐磨;复合皮无挛缩及瘢痕增生,功能部位活动正常。刃厚皮供皮区未见瘢痕增生。结论脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复功能部位深度烧伤及瘢痕整形创面,可获得良好外形及功能。     

插入式腹部薄皮瓣修复手和腕部严重烧伤

目的　探讨插入式腹部薄皮瓣修复手和腕部广泛深度烧伤的可行性 ,积累临床治疗经验。　方法　 12例手严重烧伤患者 ,均伴有多指背及手腕的创面。供瓣区选上腹部 4例 ,下腹部 8例。皮瓣断蒂时间为 10～ 13d。　结果　除 2例皮瓣远端有 2cm× 2cm及 1cm× 1cm大小坏死外 ,其余均全部成活。患者手功能及外形恢复满意。　结论　腹部真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手和腕部严重烧伤是一种比较好的手术方法。     

带肌瓣的嵌合穿支皮瓣修复合并深部死腔的难愈性创面

目的探讨带肌瓣的嵌合穿支皮瓣修复合并深部死腔难愈性创面的临床效果。方法2015年2月至2019年2月,中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四○医院全军烧伤整形外科中心收治22例合并有深部死腔的难愈性创面患者,男17例,女5例,年龄17~72岁,平均36.4岁。6例位于足底,6例位于小腿及踝关节,5例位于会阴部,2例位于肘部,2例位于背部,1例位于眼眶处。缺损创面:5 cm×4 cm^16 cm×11 cm,死腔范围:3 cm×2 cm^10 cm×4 cm。14例采用股前外侧嵌合穿支皮瓣游离移植修复,5例采用股前外侧嵌合穿支皮瓣带蒂修复,1例采用腓动脉嵌合穿支皮瓣带蒂修复,1例采用腓浅动脉嵌合穿支皮瓣带蒂修复,1例采用胫后动脉嵌合穿支皮瓣带蒂修复。术后对创面和功能进行随访。结果本组22例,皮瓣面积为6 cm×5 cm^17 cm×12 cm,肌瓣面积为3 cm×2 cm^10 cm×4 cm。1例腓浅动脉穿支嵌合皮瓣术后皮瓣边缘拆线后裂开形成创面,经换药后二期手术植皮愈合;1例股前外侧嵌合穿支皮瓣术后出现皮下窦道,换药清创后创面愈合;其余20例嵌合穿支皮瓣均成活良好。随访3~18个月,创面外形、功能均恢复满意。结论带肌瓣的嵌合穿支皮瓣中肌瓣填充死腔,皮瓣覆盖创面,可同时修复深部死腔和体表创面,是修复合并深部死腔的难愈性创面的良好方法。     

Ovine model of burn wounds grafted with ovine cadaver skin

Shortage in autograft to cover burn wounds involves a frequent use of cadaver skin (CS) as a temporary cover to prevent infection, dehydration and preparation of wounds for subsequent autografting.We aimed to establish an ovine model of burn wound healing using ovine CS (OCS). Quality and efficacy of fresh and frozen OCS overlaid on to excised 3rd degree flame burn wounds in sheep were evaluated in comparison to autograft.Histologically, autografted wounds maintained normal skin structure at different time points. Wounds overlaid with fresh OCS graft showed signs of rejection starting from day 7. At day 14, the epidermis was mostly rejected. The rejection was completed by day 20 with signs of immunoreaction and presence of many immune cells. Frozen OCS was rejected in the same pattern. Immediately prior to grafting, the thickness was comparable between freshly prepared and frozen OCS for 10 or 40 days. Significant reduction in viability was detected in OCS frozen for 40 days.Both fresh or frozen ovine OCS were rejected within 10 days that mimics CS rejection time in humans (～8.4 days), suggesting that ovine model of burn wound grafted with OCS can successfully be used in burn wound research mimicking clinical scenario.     

The healing effect of pulsed magnetic field on burn wounds

A burn is one of the most difficult injuries people can face.The primary pathology is coagulation necrosis resulting from tissue damage.Many wound care products have been developed to be used in situations such as the poor general condition of the patient and lack of solid area to be grafted. However, the high costs of these products make their use complicated.In this study, the effect of PEMF on cutaneous wound healing in an animal burn model was evaluated and the dose and duration of the magnetic field should be discussed for this effect to occur. Animals were divided into five groups including eight each (n = 40) (Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Group 1 was the control group; received no treatment after second-degree burn wound. Group 2 received daily wound care with saline. Group 3 received daily wound care with pomade containing mupirocin. Group 4 received Pulsed Electromagnetic Field signal for 60 min (1.5 m T and 40 Hz for seven days and Group 5 also received PEMF signal for 60 min the same frequency and intensity for14 days. Microscopically, second-degree burn wounds were successfully detected in all rats. Histopathological examination results in no significant difference between groups in neutrophil infiltration. The difference between the groups in vascularization was statistically significant between Group II and Group V (p < 0.001) and between Group I and Group V (p = 0.005) Epithelialization was present in 75% of the rats in Group V, while no epithelialization was observed in any of the other groups. In conclusion, we observed a significant improvement in the stasis zone of the group receiving Pulsed Electromagnetic Field for two weeks.     

深Ⅱ度烧伤创面伤后24小时内削痂的临床观察

目的　探讨深Ⅱ度烧伤患者伤后 2 4h内创面行削痂术的安全性和临床疗效。　方法12例有削痂手术指征并在伤后 2 4h内行削痂术的深Ⅱ度烧伤患者为A组 ;14例削痂条件相似并按常规在伤后 4～ 6d行削痂术的深Ⅱ度烧伤患者为B组。比较两组休克期补液量、休克征象发生率、回吸收期的生命体征、尿量及愈合时间。　结果　两组患者在休克期补液量、休克征象发生率方面差异均无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;A组休克期尿量明显增多 ,回吸收期的体温、心率与B组明显不同(P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;A组创面平均愈合时间较B组短 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论　深Ⅱ度烧伤创面于伤后2 4h内削痂是安全的 ,并能缩短创面愈合时间。     

血浆冷沉淀物在深度烧伤创面应用的实验及临床研究

目的　观察血浆冷沉淀物应用烧伤创面的治疗效果。方法　通过对 4 0只豚鼠烧伤模型及 4 6例临床烧伤患者创面应用血浆冷沉淀物与创面应用磺胺嘧啶银对照观察伤后创面愈合率、愈合时间。结果　应用血浆冷沉淀实验组创面愈合率、愈合时间优于应用磺胺嘧啶银对照组 ,表明血浆冷沉淀具有促进烧伤创面愈合作用。结论　血浆冷沉淀中所含的主要成分纤维连接蛋白 ,具有很强的生物活性 ,它能促进上皮细胞生长     

皮瓣移植在我国烧伤外科中的应用

The history and application of surgical flap transplantation in burn wound were briefly reviewed. We outlined skin flap, muscuiocutaneous flap, fascia flap and neurocutaneous vascular flap in this paper and recommended repair deep wounds with flap. All in all, in this review, we hope to provide a meaningful option for clinical application of surgical flap in the future.     

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor hydrogel promotes healing of deep partial thickness burn wounds

Objective

To assess the effects of recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) hydrogel on the healing of deep partial thickness burn wounds.

Methods

Ninety three wounds of 65 burn patients who suffered from a deep partial thickness burn of <5% TBSA and could not heal over 3 weeks were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to use rhGM-CSF hydrogel (GC group, n = 32) or hydrogel without rhGM-CSF (control group, n = 33). rhGM-CSF hydrogel or hydrogel without rhGM-CSF was topically applied to the wounds, the dressing was changed once a day. Wound healing time and percentage, wound discharge, periwound inflammation, the positive wound swabs culture count, and adverse drug reactions were observed and compared between two groups.

Results

Healing time was 12.2 ± 5.0 days after the application of rhGM-CSF hydrogel. This was significantly shorter than that of control wounds (15.5 ± 4.7 days). Healing percentage at 14 days in the rhGM-CSF-treated wounds was 97.5 ± 7.7%, which was markedly higher than the control (85.9 ± 6.8%). At 3, 6, 12, 14 day, the GC group was significantly superior to the control group with respect to the score of periwound inflammation, wound purulence and discharge. The positive wound swabs culture count of the GC group on the 7th and 14th day post-treatment was 14 and 4, respectively, which was significantly lower than the control.

Conclusion

rhGM-CSF hydrogel promotes the healing process of deep partial thickness burns effectively. No adverse reaction of the drug was observed during the study.     

不同皮瓣修复虎口电烧伤的功能与美学效果比较

目的：比较三种皮瓣修复虎口电烧伤的功能与美学效果。方法：本组共有13例15处虎口电烧伤，在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉下急诊清创，依据伤口情况，分别采取3种皮瓣修复。①设计以第一掌背动脉为蒂的示指背皮瓣，宽约5cm，远端达近侧指间关节；可携蒂部分中指背皮肤，形成的皮瓣远端为双叶。②骨间背则动脉为蒂的前臂背侧逆行岛状皮瓣，通过腕部皮下隧道转移。③以旋髂浅或腹壁浅血管为蒂的同侧下腹部薄皮瓣带蒂转移，术后2周断蒂。全部病例随访6个月～3年，评价修复虎口功能与外形。结果：8例11处虎口电烧伤创面以第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复。4例4处虎口损伤以同侧前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复。1例以下腹部皮瓣带蒂转移修复。15例皮瓣转移后循环良好，创面Ⅰ期修复。1例前臂背侧岛状逆行皮瓣边缘因静脉回流障碍，皮瓣边缘0．5cm坏死。第一掌背动脉皮瓣和同侧前臂逆行皮瓣血运可靠，质地较薄，虎口修复后外形及功能良好。腹部皮瓣可提供较大面积修复组织，供区隐蔽，但修复后虎口外形和功能欠佳。结论：以同侧第一掌背动脉皮瓣或前臂骨间背侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复虎口电烧伤是比较理想的方法。