腓肠神经移植修复桡神经深支损伤

目的 报道不同长度腓肠神经移植修复桡神经深支缺损的临床疗效。方法伤后3个月内的桡神经深支缺损2l例，缺损1～2cm者6例，2～5cm者12例，5～8cm者3例。采用相应长度腓肠神经移植修复。结果随访6个月至10年，平均13个月，21例桡神经深支功能均恢复较好，肌力均在Ⅳ～Ⅴ级。结论小于8cm长度的桡神经深支缺损，神经移植修复效果较满意。     

桡神经浅支移植修复肱骨干骨折术后医源性桡神经断裂损伤

目的 探讨桡神经浅支移植修复医源性桡神经断裂损伤的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2012年6月至2018年6月收治的6例肱骨干骨折术后医源性桡神经断裂患者的临床资料,年龄21～48岁。左侧1例,右侧5例。闭合性骨折2例,开放性骨折4例。髓内钉固定1例,钢板固定2例,外固定支架固定3例。均采用双股桡神经浅支移植修复神经缺损。采用英国医学研究院神经损伤委员会(Nerve Injuries Committee of the British Medical Research Council, BMRC)周围神经损伤后感觉及肌肉功能评定标准进行疗效评定。结果 本组1例为远端锁钉直接将桡神经打断,2例为钢板远端压迫桡神经,3例为远端外固定针绞索桡神经。桡神经缺损长度为7～9 cm,移植桡神经浅支长度为14～18 cm。所有患者手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无切口感染。本组患者均获得随访,时间24～36个月,平均28个月。按BMRC周围神经损伤后感觉及肌肉功能标准评定疗效：优1例,良4例,可1例,优良率为83.3%。所有患者因切取桡神经浅支而出现虎口区感觉麻木。结论 肱骨干骨折行内固定时应完全暴露桡神经,可以有效避免...     

前臂外侧皮神经移植加移位修复桡神经损伤

目的 探讨前臂外侧皮神经移植加移位修复前臂上段肘关节平面桡神经损伤的临床疗效.方法 采用前臂外侧皮神经移植加移位修复桡神经损伤患者11例,男9例,女2例,年龄20 ～ 52岁,平均34.5岁.受伤原因:电锯伤7例,磨具伤2例,挫裂伤2例.受伤部位:前臂上段肘关节附近,桡神经深、浅分支处,深、浅支均断裂伴缺损.急诊行神经修复术,术中将前臂外侧皮神经切断,近端神经移位与桡神经浅支远端吻合,远端作为供体切取神经段,游离移植桥接桡神经深支的缺损. 结果 11例患者术后随访12 ～24个月,桡神经浅支感觉功能恢复时间为4～9个月,平均5.4个月,其中5个月开始恢复功能9例,9个月开始恢复功能2例,虎口区两点辨别觉3 ～6 mm,平均4.5 mm.桡神经深支功能恢复平均时间7.6个月,6个月开始恢复4例,7个月开始恢复2例,8个月开始恢复5例.有9例肌力恢复至五级,平均时间19个月. 结论 前臂外侧皮神经移植加移位修复桡神经损伤应用同一神经既恢复了运动功能,又恢复了手虎口区感觉功能,为临床提供了一种修复桡神经损伤的新方法.     

拇指桡侧指背神经皮瓣修复手指背皮肤缺损

手指背特别是中末节指背皮肤缺损一般都伴有肌腱的外露或损伤 ,我们自 2 0 0 1年 8月～ 2 0 0 2年 1月应用拇指桡侧指背神经皮瓣修复 4例 ,取得满意效果 ,报告如下。1　临床资料本组 4例 ,男 3例 ,女 1例 ,年龄 2 7～ 38岁。电刨伤 3例 ,冲床伤 1例。中指 2例 ,食、环指各 1例 ,均为中末节指背皮肤缺损。缺损范围 2 .0 cm× 2 .0 cm～ 4 .0 cm× 3.5 cm。手术以指间关节中点偏桡侧 1.0 cm,掌指关节中点偏桡侧 1.5 cm的连线为轴心线。指间关节以近任意选取旋转点 ,根据指背缺损设计皮瓣。在拇指指间关节以近 ,拇腕掌关节以远 ,以轴心线两侧 2…     

桡神经背侧支神经营养血管皮瓣修复拇指末节皮肤缺损

目的 探讨以第一掌骨桡神经背侧支神经营养血管皮瓣修复拇指末节皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法采用第一掌骨桡神经背侧支神经营养血管皮瓣修复28例拇指末节皮肤缺损患者,缺损面积1. 5 cm×1. 0cm～3. 5 cm×3. 0 cm。皮瓣设计面积2. 0 cm×1. 5 cm～4. 0 cm×3. 5 cm。结果 术后皮瓣及供区移植皮片均成活; 2例因皮瓣缝合过紧出现血液循环障碍,给予间断拆除部分缝线后血循环改善,皮瓣均成活。切口均一期愈合。患者均获得随访,时间6～12个月。末次随访时,皮瓣两点辨别觉为7～10 mm,质地柔软,指腹外形无臃肿,颜色与患指周围皮肤相似,关节屈伸活动无明显障碍,根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评价疗效:优25例,良2例,可1例,优良率27/28。结论 桡神经背侧支神经营养血管皮瓣不损伤拇指指动脉及指神经,操作简单,血供稳定,是修复拇指末节部分皮肤缺损并恢复其感觉功能的理想术式。     

桡神经深支损伤的显微修复及疗效分析

目的探讨桡神经深支损伤显微修复的手术技巧及疗效。方法 2001年3月-2011年2月,收治桡神经深支损伤患者49例。男40例,女9例;年龄19～58岁,平均32岁。受伤原因:刀砍伤13例,电锯伤9例,匕首刺伤7例,玻璃割伤6例,医源性损伤5例,孟氏骨折4例,射钉枪伤3例,前臂挤压伤伴桡骨近端骨折2例。病程3 h～3年8个月,平均4.9个月。桡神经深支损伤部位:旋后肌管前15例,旋后肌管内23例,旋后肌管后11例。一期修复21例,直接行断端缝合,其中外膜缝合9例,束膜缝合12例;二期修复28例,其中腓肠神经移植修复26例,神经松解2例。结果术后创口及供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间12～39个月,平均21.5个月。末次随访时,一期修复21例中,拇长伸肌肌力达5级13例,4级8例;二期修复28例中,拇长伸肌肌力达5级2例,4级21例,3级4例,2级1例;比较差异有统计学意义(Z=—5.340,P=0.000)。一期修复外膜缝合9例中,拇长伸肌肌力达5级3例,4级6例;束膜缝合12例中,拇长伸肌肌力达5级10例,4级2例;比较差异有统计学意义(Z=—2.279,P=0.023)。二期修复神经移植26例中,拇长伸肌肌力达5级2例,4级20例,3级3例,2级1例;神经松解2例中,拇长伸肌肌力4级1例,3级1例;比较差异无统计学意义(Z=—1.117,P=0.264)。根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢功能评定试用标准评定术后功能,一期修复获优18例,良3例;二期修复获优2例,良21例,可4例,差1例;比较差异有统计学意义(Z=—5.340,P=0.000)。结论桡神经深支损伤采用显微外科技术一期修复,可取得较好疗效,束膜缝合疗效明显优于外膜缝合;二期修复疗效不及一期修复。     

桡神经内置在肱骨中下段骨折钢板内固定术中的应用

目的:探讨在肱骨中下段骨折钢板内固定术中将桡神经内置的方法及疗效。方法:自2010年1月至2013年12月采用桡神经内置钢板内固定术治疗31例肱骨中下段骨折患者,男18例,女13例;年龄26～58岁,平均37岁;受伤至手术时间1～8 d,平均4.5 d.按AO骨折分型:A1型7例,A2型3例,A3型6例,B1型2例,B2型4例,B3型2例,C1例4例,C2型3例。患者术前均无桡神经损伤征象。采用美国骨科协会提出的DASH量表进行疗效评定,0表示上肢功能正常,1～100表示上肢功能有不同程度的损伤。结果:31例患者术后未发生与手术相关并发症,无神经损伤与伤口感染。31例患者术后获随访,时间8～15个月,平均11个月。上肢功能按DASH上肢功能量表评定,患者伤后评分76.2±11.8,末次随访评分8.2±7.4,术后随访评分与伤后评分比较差异有统计学意义(t=9.717,P<0.01),上肢功能恢复满意。结论:在肱骨中下段骨折钢板内固定术中将桡神经内置可有效避免医源性桡神经损伤。     

儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折合并桡神经深支损伤

儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折合并桡神经深支损伤并不多见。我们自1985～1995年间共收治此类损伤12例,报告如下。1　临床资料本组男9例,女3例;年龄5～14岁;跌伤8例,车祸3例,砸伤1例。就诊时间伤后3～18周,其中伤后4～6周占8例。骨折类型:全部病例均为伸直型闭合性损伤。神经损伤情况:12例均为完全性桡神经深支损伤,其中2例合并桡神经浅支损伤。2　治疗方法及结果所有病人均行手术治疗。对骨折脱位的处理:行开放整复,环状韧带修复或重建4例,未行环状韧带修复或重建,仅用克氏针固定者8例。12例中仅3例作了桡神经深支探查松解。术后3周拔除固定桡骨头克…     

桡神经浅支营养血管逆行筋膜皮瓣修复手部创面

从1999年3月～2002年8月我们应用桡神经浅支营养血管逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复手部创面12例,效果良好,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本组12例,男8例,女4例;年龄18～50岁,平均30岁。修复部位:手背部7例,虎口区5例。致伤原因:手背部热压伤3例,虎口挛缩5例,外伤性皮肤缺损4例。皮瓣面积为3cm×5cm～6cm×10cm。1.2应用解剖桡神经浅支在发出桡侧腕短伸肌肌支后,在肱桡肌与桡侧腕伸肌之间下行,于桡骨茎突近侧8cm处,穿出深筋膜直线下行,跨过桡骨茎突和鼻烟窝,分成3～4支,分布到第1、2掌骨间背侧皮肤和拇指背侧及示指近节背侧皮肤。1.3手术方法以…     

腓肠神经移植修复桡神经深支缺损的疗效分析

目的 探讨腓肠神经移植修复桡神经深支缺损的手术技巧及临床疗效. 方法 2002年5月至2011年6月,对26例陈旧性桡神经深支损伤患者二期修复,行腓肠神经移植术.神经缺损长度为1.2～5.5 cm.缺损在其近侧、不涉及分支者,根据其粗细将切取神经裁为2～3段并固定在一起,将几股神经的两端0.5～0.8cm相邻外膜切除后,再把两端保留的相邻外膜缝合,形成一个共同外膜,移植于缺损处；缺损涉及分支者,则将几股神经近端外膜修整缝合后与损伤神经近端缝合,远端几股分别与分支吻合. 结果 术后创口均一期愈合.26例患者均获随访,随访时间14～ 39个月,平均24.5个月.末次随访时,2例完全恢复,拇长伸肌肌力5级；20例大部分恢复,拇长伸肌肌力4级；3例部分恢复,拇长伸肌肌力3级；1例疗效较差,拇长伸肌肌力2级. 结论 应用腓肠神经移植二期修复桡神经深支缺损,可取得较好的临床疗效.     

桡神经浅支卡压征的治疗体会

本文报告用局封治疗１１例桡神经浅支卡压征。随访６个月－１年，疗效满意。其症状主要表现为：手背及前臂远段桡侧疼痛；手背桡侧感觉减退；患手握力下降；Ｔｉｎｅｌ征阳性。桡神经浅支穿出点神经是固定的，进入浅部后有一定的滑动度，长期反复活动腕关节，使桡神经浅支反复牵拉、磨擦，以致水肿纤维化、结缔组织增生造成卡压是其发病的解剖因素。     

桡神经浅支卡压征的治疗体会

本文报告用局封治疗１１例桡神经浅支卡压征。随访６个月-１年，疗效满意。其症状主要表现为：手背及前臂远段桡侧疼痛；手背桡测感觉减退；患手握力下降;Ｔｉｎｅｌ征阳性。桡神经浅支穿出点神经是固定的，进入浅部后有一定的滑动度，长期反复活动腕关节，使桡神经浅支反复牵拉、磨擦，以致水肿纤维化、结缔组织增生造成卡压是其发病的解剖因素。     

桡神经损伤的治疗

目的 :评价显微外科技术吻合桡神经术后的效果。方法 :在显微镜下用 9 0尼龙线缝合桡神经外膜 1 2～ 1 6针 ,使吻合口在无张力下 ,石膏外固定 3周。结果 :术后 45例获随访 (8～ 1 2个月 ) ,优 38例 ,良 6例 ,可 1例。结论 :用显微外科技术吻合桡神经外膜是治疗桡神经断裂的一种可行的方法     

Median to radial nerve transfer for treatment of radial nerve palsy. Case report

The purpose of this study is to report a surgical technique of nerve transfer to restore radial nerve function after a complete palsy due to a proximal injury to the radial nerve. The authors report the case of a patient who underwent direct nerve transfer of redundant or expendable motor branches of the median nerve in the proximal forearm to the extensor carpi radialis brevis and the posterior interosseous branches of the radial nerve. Assessment included degree of recovery of wrist and finger extension, and median nerve function including pinch and grip strength. Clinical evidence of reinnervation was noted at 6 months postoperatively. The follow-up period was 18 months. Recovery of finger and wrist extension was almost complete with Grade 4/5 strength. Pinch and grip strength were improved postoperatively. No motor or sensory deficits related to the median nerve were noted, and the patient is very satisfied with her degree of functional restoration. Transfer of redundant synergistic motor branches of the median nerve can successfully reinnervate the finger and wrist extensor muscles to restore radial nerve function. This median to radial nerve transfer offers an alternative to nerve repair, graft, or tendon transfer for the treatment of radial nerve palsy.     

Results of interfascicular nerve grafting for radial nerve lesions

During the 10 year interval 1979–1989, 20 patients underwent nerve grafting of a radial nerve lesion, 13 high radial and 7 posterior interosseous. Average follow-up was 38 months (range 12 months–10 years). Overall 72% of patients achieved a Highet Scale rating of M3 or better function and 44% M4 or better recovery. Age of the patient and length of the nerve graft did not seem to influence outcome. Time from initial injury to nerve grafting did affect outcome, with 85% of patients grafted within 6 months obtaining M3 or better recovery. No patient grafted 12 months after injury recovered any useful function. Lesions of the posterior interosseous nerve had a consistently superior recovery. Power grip strength in the affected hand of patients averaged 60% of the unaffected hand while key pinch averaged 74%. There was good correlation between the Highet Scale rating of recovery and the ultimate power grip or key pinch strength obtained. Hand dexterity, as assessed by the turning and displacing tests of the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test, displayed a wide range of scores in both affected and unaffected hands. Nevertheless, a relative score derived from the results obtained in the displacing test did show correlation with the Highet Scale rating. All patients with M4 or better recovery obtained relative scores for the affected hand that were in the middle of the range of scores considered an average performance for a normal population. Patients who achieved M4 or better nerve recovery following radial nerve grafting also obtained a functional hand as evidenced by the results of grip, key pinch strength, and hand dexterity testing. Lesser degrees of recovery were accompanied by poorer strength and dexterity ratings reflecting inferior function. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 17:431–437 1996     

Acute closed radial nerve injury

We present a 45-year-old patient who had acute radial nerve palsy following a blunt trauma without any fracture or dislocation. He was injured by strucking in a combat three months ago. The patient has been followed by application of a long-arm plaster cast before referred to our clinic. Preoperative electromyoneurography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated that there was a radial nerve injury on humeral groove. The British Medical Research Council (MRC) grade was 2/5 on his wrist preoperatively. The patient underwent an operation under general anesthesia. It was seen to be a second-degree nerve injury. The patient has subsequently regained full movement on his wrist and finger extension in six months. We suggest that a detailed clinical and electrodiagnostical evaluation is necessary in patients who have radial nerve injury when deciding the treatment, conservative or surgical.     

Plasmacytoma of the superficial radial nerve

We report a case of a solitary plasmacytoma involving the superficial radial nerve.     

Neuritis ossificans of the radial nerve

Neuritis ossificans is a rare reactive process affecting the peripheral nerves that is challenging to diagnose and treat. The usual presentation is mononeuropathy, pain, variable weakness, and a palpable mass along the nerve distribution. A paucity of literature exists on this disorder. It is often confused with myositis ossificans; many cases in the literature have reported myositic masses that have caused neuropathies. Diagnosing neuritis ossificans requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and excellent radiological and histopathological evaluation. The exact etiology of neuritis ossificans is unclear, but repeated localized trauma may be a factor. Treatment is mostly surgical, although conservative management with drugs has been reported to give good relief. The chance of iatrogenic nerve damage during microsurgical excision is high.This article describes a case of neuritis ossificans of the radial nerve, which was treated by surgical excision of the lesion without nerve resection. No iatrogenic neurodeficit occurred, and the patient made a full recovery.Neuritis ossificans should be considered in the differential diagnosis of painful mononeuropathies, particularly at atypical sites for compression neuropathy. Surgical resection of the mass may relieve pain and improve strength if the nerve can be sufficiently spared. Enucleation of this rare lesion is possible without neural compromise and should be considered as a treatment option for neuritis ossificans.     

桡神经损伤的治疗效果

目的 观察桡神经损伤后行神经松解，缝合和移植术的疗效。方法 46例桡神经损伤根据损伤类型。采用神经内，外松解术，直接缝合，神经移植治疗。结果 术后随访1年至10年，21例桡神经松解术中，17例的伸腕，伸拇，伸指肌力为M3-M5，虎口区感觉为S4。19例神经直接缝合者14例。伸腕、伸拇，伸指肌力为M3-M5；16例虎口区感觉为S4。6例神经移植者5例伸腕、伸拇，伸指肌力为M3-M5。虎口区感觉达S4。结论 桡神经损伤早期根据其损伤类型进行合适的手术方法均能取得满意的疗效。