The cross-talk between transforming growth factor-beta1 and ultrasound stimulation during mechanotransduction of rat tenocytes

Ultrasound is an effective noninvasive treatment for various tendinopathies. However, how tenocytes convert ultrasound stimulation into cascades of cellular and molecular events is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the signaling pathways of tenocytes during ultrasound stimulation.

Primary cultures of tenocytes were harvested from Achilles tendons of Sprague–Dawley rats. The viability and proliferation of tenocytes, their genes expression, and the signaling pathways after ultrasound treatment with or without specific inhibitors were evaluated and analyzed.

The results showed that ultrasound treatment (100 mW/cm² for 20 min) significantly enhanced matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), c-Fos, and c-Jun gene expression, increased JNK and p38, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphorylation at 5 min, and sustained up to 60 min. JNK inhibitor and p38 inhibitor, but not ERK1/2 inhibitor, attenuated ultrasound-dependent induction of MMP-13 expression, indicating that the JNK and p38 pathways are required for ultrasound-induced MMP-13 expression in tenocytes. We also found that SB431542 (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) receptor kinases inhibitor) suppressed ultrasound-induced MMP‐13 and c-Fos gene expression, and p38 phosphorylation.

This study revealed that ultrasound treatment stimulates tenocytes proliferation and regulates their matrix metabolism through the cross-talk between TGF-β and ultrasound-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways.     

川芎嗪对肾间质纤维化中TGF-β1/miR-29表达的影响

目的:观察川芎嗪(tetramethylpyrazine,TMP)对单侧输尿管结扎(unilateral ureteral obstruction,UUO)大鼠模型肾间质纤维化(renal interstitial fibrosis,RIF)、间质损伤及TGF-β1/miR-29表达的影响.方法:50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组(Ctrl组)、假手术组(Sham组)、模型组(UUO组)、缬沙坦组(VAN组)和TMP组各10只.经相应处理后,通过HE,Masson染色观察肾组织的病理学表现;同时采用SP免疫组织化学法检测各组病变组织中TGF-β1的表达情况;最后采用RT-PCR技术比较各组TGF-β1,miR-29基因的表达.结果:HE染色结果显示Ctrl组、Sham组、UUO组、VAN组及TMP组的肾间质损伤评分分别为0.27±0.10,0.30±0.12,8.79±1.03,6.23±0.81及4.57±0.74.Masson染色胶原半定量分析结果显示Ctrl组、Sham组、UUO组、VAN组及TMP组的评分分别为0.21±0.03,0.23±0.06,2.49±0.33,1.63±0.07及1.32±0.04.SP免疫组织化学染色显示模型组TGF-β1的蛋白表达高于对照组;而缬沙坦和TMP可部分逆转TGF-β1蛋白的表达,且TMP的效果优于缬沙坦.RT-PCR结果显示模型组的TGF-β1 mRNA表达增高、miR-29 mRNA表达降低.TMP组和缬沙坦组TGF-β1 mRNA表达明显低于模型组,而miR-29 mRNA表达则明显高于模型组;且TMP 组TGF-β1 mRNA表达高于缬沙坦组.结论:缬沙坦和TMP可明显减轻UUO致RIF中肾组织学损伤,且TMP的疗效优于缬沙坦.此外TMP还可抑制TGF-β1而促进miR-29的表达.     

TGF-β1 作用后老龄大鼠心肌成纤维细胞p38 MAPK通路和JNK通路的变化

目的:探讨转化生长因子β₁(TGF-β₁)作用后老龄大鼠心肌成纤维细胞丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)通路和c-Jun氨基端激酶(JNK)信号通路的变化。方法:提取乳鼠及老龄大鼠心肌成纤维细胞,以TGF-β₁(5μg/L)刺激,分为乳鼠PBS对照组(N1组)、乳鼠TGF-β₁干预组(N2组)、老龄鼠PBS对照组(A1组)和老龄鼠TGF-β₁干预组(A2组)。采用MTT比色法测定细胞增殖;Western blotting检测各组成纤维细胞总p38、phospho-p38、JNK及phospho-JNK水平。结果:TGF-β₁刺激后老龄鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖能力低于乳鼠心肌成纤维细胞。加入TGF-β₁后,N2组和A2组的phospho-p38和phospho-JNK分别较N1组和A1组明显升高;N2组与A2组总p38及JNK水平无显著差异;加入TGF-β₁后,与N2组相比,A2组phospho-p38及phospho-JNK表达水平显著减弱(P<0.05)。结论:老龄导致心肌成纤维细胞的TGF-β₁/p38及TGF-β₁/JNK信号通路相关蛋白磷酸化水平受损。     

The activated nerve growth factor receptor p-TrkA is selectively expressed in advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma

The objective of this study was to compare the expression of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors TrkA and p75 in ovarian borderline tumors, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I carcinomas and advanced-stage (FIGO stage III-IV) carcinomas, and to assess a possible association between NGF receptor expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in borderline tumors and FIGO stage I carcinomas. Sections from 119 borderline tumors, 57 FIGO stage I invasive ovarian carcinomas, and 56 advanced-stage carcinomas were evaluated for expression of activated phospho-TrkA (p-TrkA) and p75 using immunohistochemistry. MAPK activation was analyzed in stage I carcinomas and borderline tumors using phospho-specific antibodies against the extracellular-regulated kinase (p-ERK), the high osmolarity glycerol response kinase (p-p38), and the c-jun amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK). p-TrkA membrane expression was significantly more frequent in advanced-stage carcinomas compared with both borderline and stage I carcinomas (P < .001). p75 membrane expression was comparable in the 3 groups (P > .05). p-ERK and p-p38 expression was comparable in borderline and stage I carcinomas, whereas p-JNK was more frequently expressed in stage I ovarian carcinomas (P < .001). NGF receptor expression showed no association with MAPK activation in borderline and stage I carcinomas. In conclusion, expression of biologically active p-TrkA receptor at the cell membrane is up-regulated along tumor progression in ovarian carcinoma, whereas p75 expression remains unaltered. These data provide further evidence regarding the clinical role of p-TrkA in ovarian carcinoma. NGF receptors probably signal via MAPK-independent pathways in ovarian carcinoma.     

Effects of hypoxia on expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and its receptors I and II in the amoeboid microglial cells and murine BV-2 cells

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is widely recognized as a prototype of multifunctional growth factors and master switches in the regulation of key events of development, disease and repair. It is localized in neurons, astrocytes and brain macrophages in altered conditions but its localization in the amoeboid microglial cells (AMC), a nascent brain macrophage in the developing brain has remained unexplored. Here we report expression of TGF-beta1 and its receptors namely, transforming growth factor-beta receptor I (TbetaRI) and transforming growth factor-beta receptor II (TbetaRII) in AMC and BV-2 cells induced by hypoxia. Firstly, increase in TGF-beta1 mRNA expression and TGF-beta1 release was observed in the corpus callosum in postnatal rats subjected to a single hypoxic exposure. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed a concomitant upregulation of TbetaRI and TbetaRII mRNA and protein. Secondly, immunofluorescence labeling showed that the preponderant AMC in the corpus callosum were immunoreactive for TGF-beta1 and its receptors. In rats subjected to hypoxia, immunoexpression of TGF-beta1 and both receptors was markedly enhanced. In longer surviving rats, the AMC transformed into ramified microglia but retained in them the immunoreactivity. In BV-2 cells exposed to hypoxia, TGF-beta1 mRNA expression and release of TGF-beta1 into the medium were significantly increased. It is noteworthy that expression of TbetaRI and TbetaRII mRNA and protein in hypoxic BV-2 cells was reduced indicating a differential response of AMC and BV-2 cells to hypoxia. Notwithstanding, it is unequivocal that AMC in the developing brain express and release TGF-beta1 into the ambient environment. We suggest that this may be a mechanism to help autoregulate microglial activation in adverse conditions via its receptors.     

复方鳖甲软肝方药物血清对大鼠肝星形细胞内TβRⅠ和Smad-3蛋白表达的影响实验研究

目的观察复方鳖甲软肝方药物血清对大鼠肝星形细胞(HSCs)内TβRⅠ和Smad3蛋白表达的影响,从信号转导上游受体水平和受体后信号转导水平探讨药物血清抗肝纤维化的作用机制。方法运用免疫细胞化学和图像分析技术,在离体对不同时相,不同浓度复方鳖甲软肝方药物血清干预状态下,HSC内TβRⅠ和Smad3蛋白的表达进行半定量分析。结果复方鳖甲软肝方药物血清可明显下调HSC表达TβRⅠ及抑制HSC表达Smad3蛋白。结论复方鳖甲软肝方药物血清通过下调TβRⅠ的表达,进而干预Smad3介导的TGF-β1在HSC内的信号转导,最终抑制胶原蛋白、纤黏连蛋白的合成,从而达到抑制HSC活化的抗肝纤维化作用,这可能是复方鳖甲软肝方药物血清抗肝纤维化作用机制之一。     

复方红景天防治肝纤维化的实验研究

目的研究复方红景天对四氯化碳诱导的大鼠肝纤维化肝组织TGF-β1基因表达的影响。方法80只SD大鼠随机分组:①空白对照组;②肝纤维化模型组;③复方红景天高剂量组(简称H组);④复方红景天中剂量组(简称M组);⑤复方红景天低剂量组(简称S组)。每组各16只。以CCl4腹腔注射法诱导大鼠肝纤维化,干预组大鼠在造模的同时给予复方红景天灌胃,正常对照组给予橄榄油皮下注射和生理盐水腹腔注射,8周实验结束时处死动物。酶联免疫吸附法检测血清TGF-β1水平,HE染色及免疫荧光观察大鼠肝组织病理学变化和胶原沉积,免疫组化法检测TGF-β1基因表达情况。结果治疗组大鼠肝组织内纤维组织及胶原沉积明显减少。结论复方红景天干预性治疗能够有效地减少大鼠肝组织胶原沉积,使其血清TGF-β1水平下降,并抑制TGF-β1基因表达,干扰TGF-β1介导的肝纤维化信号转导。     

人母-胎界面滋养细胞来源的CXCL16促进蜕膜γδT细胞产生IL-10及TGF-β

目的:探讨人早孕滋养细胞通过CXCL16/CXCR6途径对蜕膜γδT细胞分泌细胞因子功能的影响。方法:临床收集正常早孕妇女绒毛组织及蜕膜组织各10例,体外分离蜕膜γδT细胞和滋养细胞,原代培养滋养细胞12、24、48、72、96小时,ELISA检测培养上清中CXCL16的浓度;RT-PCR检测蜕膜γδT细胞中CXCR6的表达;建立人早孕蜕膜γδT细胞与滋养细胞的共培养体系,同时加或不加CXCL16的中和性抗体,或者γδT细胞与滋养细胞间接共培养,48小时后流式细胞术检测γδT细胞中IL-10和TGF-β的表达。结果:人早孕滋养细胞能够分泌CXCL16,且其浓度呈现时间累积效应;蜕膜γδT细胞则表达CXCR6。与滋养细胞直接共培养后,γδT细胞表达IL-10和TGF-β显著增高,且明显高于间接共培养组,加入CXCL16的中和性抗体后,IL-10和TGF-β的增加效应被部分抵消。结论:人早孕滋养细胞通过分泌CXCL16促进表达CXCR6的蜕膜γδT细胞产生IL-10和TGF-β,从而可能有利于妊娠期母-胎界面Th2型偏移,进而有利于正常妊娠的维持。     

Transforming Growth Factor Beta: An Autocrine Regulator of Chondrocytes

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous regulator of cellular growth and differentiation. The present study investigated the effects of TGF-β on chick growth plate chondrocyte proliferation, matrix synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase activity in short term cultures. TGF-β markedly stimulated DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, while collagen synthesis and cellular and matrix vesicle alkaline phosphatase activity were inhibited. Biologic effects of TGF-β were correlated with binding to specific receptors, and both high and low affinity receptors were identified. Countercurrent centrifugal elutriation was used to fractionate growth plate chondrocytes to obtain populations of cells in different stages of maturation (effectively from different zones of the growth plate). TGF-β showed increasing mitogenicity with increasing cellular maturation in the growth plate, with maximal stimulation in the proliferating and early hypertrophic cells. The smallest cells expressed only the high affinity receptor, while with hypertrophy there was increasing expression of the low affinity receptor and a progressive increase in the number of both receptors per cell. Furthermore, the dose-response curves for TGF-β-stimulated DNA synthesis were not biphasic in the smaller cells, but became progressively more biphasic with cellular hypertrophy and expression of the low affinity receptor. Finally, TGF-β activity was identified in partially purified chondrocyte conditioned medium by specific bioassay, indicating TGF-β production by growth plate chondrocytes. The data suggests a potentially important autocrine function for TGF-B in modulating chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis in endochondral calcification.     

Grass carp TGF-β1 impairs IL-1β signaling in the inflammatory responses: Evidence for the potential of TGF-β1 to antagonize inflammation in fish

In the present study, effects of TGF-β1 on IL-1β signaling during inflammatory response were examined in grass carp. In grass carp head kidney leukocytes (HKLs), LPS significantly induced the mRNA expression of grass carp TGF-β1 (gcTGF-β1) and IL-1β, indicating the involvement of TGF-β1 and IL-1β in inflammatory process. Using anti-IL-1β antibody to neutralize the endogenous IL-1β, we found that stimulation of IL-1β mRNA expression by LPS was independent on IL-1β itself. Interestingly, recombinant gcTGF-β1 (rgcTGF-β1) suppressed basal and LPS-stimulated IL-1β mRNA expression in spite of immunoneutralizing endogenous IL-1β or not. Given that IL-1β receptor signaling molecule and natural IL-1β inhibitors are the important regulators in IL-1β signaling and activity, the effect of LPS on these molecules' expression was determined in HKLs. Results showed that LPS significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) and II (IL-1RII), IL-1R accessory protein (IL-1Racp) and novel IL-1 family member (nIL-1F). Moreover, the induction of IL-1RII, IL-1Racp and nIL-1F by LPS was IL-1β-dependent since IL-1β immunoneutralization abolished these inductions, implying the involvement of IL-1β auto-induction in these effects. Consistently, TGF-β1 could block basal IL-1RI and nIL-1F mRNA expression, and LPS-induced IL-1RI, IL-1Racp and nIL-1F mRNA expression, suggesting these molecules as the regulatory sites for TGF-β1 to modulate IL-1β signaling. Subsequent in vivo studies showed that bacterial challenge significantly up-regulated IL-1β mRNA expression with a rapid and transient pattern and TGF-β1 mRNA expression with a relatively time-delayed kinetics in head kidney. These expression patterns coincide with their pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles, respectively. As expected, rgcTGF-β1 could suppress bacterial-induced IL-1β mRNA expression, strengthening the anti-inflammatory role of TGF-β1 in vivo. Taken together, these results to our knowledge provide the first evidence for inducible TGF-β1 expression in inflammatory process, as well as the induction of inflammatory stimuli on IL-1β expression and signaling. In turn, TGF-β1 suppressed the proinflammatory process in vitro and in vivo presumably via interfering IL-1β expression and signaling in inflammatory response, highlighting the potential of TGF-β1 in the control of inflammation in fish.     

TGF-β_1、BMP-7 mRNA在实验性肝纤维化中的表达及意义

目的:检测转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)mRNA在实验性大鼠肝纤维化中的表达,并研究其与病程的关系。方法:采用复合因素建立肝纤维化动物模型,HE染色观察肝脏组织病理表现,实时荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应技术(RealTimeRT-PCR)检测TGF-β1、BMP-7mRNA的表达水平,并分析两指标与病程的相关性。结果:肝纤维化动物TGF-β1mRNA明显高于正常对照组,而BMP-7mRNA水平明显低于正常对照组。随着病程的延长,TGF-β1mRNA表达水平呈明显上升趋势,而BMP-7mRNA则呈下降趋势。结论:肝纤维化的进程与TGF-β1mRNA水平升高和BMP-7mRNA表达下降有一定关系。     

p38MAPK参与千金藤素诱导的心肌细胞凋亡

目的: 探讨千金藤素(CEP)致Sprague-Dawley(SD)乳大鼠心肌细胞的凋亡作用及其信号途径。方法: 应用MTT法检测千金藤素对心肌细胞活性的抑制作用;利用Hoechst 33342染色及Western blotting方法检测凋亡相关信号分子caspase-3,观察CEP致心肌细胞凋亡的作用;采用Western blotting法观测 CEP对有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)家族3个主要信号分子c-Jun氨基端激酶(JNK)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)、p38 MAPK磷酸化水平的影响,并利用ERK和p38 MAPK的特异性抑制剂,分别验证两种分子所介导的信号通路在CEP致心肌细胞凋亡中的作用。结果: (1)CEP能够剂量依赖和时间依赖地抑制心肌细胞的活性。(2)CEP作用于心肌细胞,出现细胞核碎裂现象和caspase-3激活。(3)CEP作用下p38 MAPK和ERK磷酸化水平显著增强,JNK的磷酸化状态未发生显著改变。(4)p38 MAPK磷酸化抑制剂SB203580显著减轻CEP对心肌细胞活性的抑制作用;ERK磷酸化抑制剂PD98059不能影响CEP对心肌细胞活性的抑制作用。结论: p38 MAPK参与CEP致心肌细胞凋亡作用。     

糖尿病大鼠肺组织p38 MAPK活性变化的研究

目的:观测糖尿病大鼠肺组织的病理改变及p38MAPK活性的变化。方法:复制糖尿病(DM)大鼠模型,4周后观察其肺部组织病理改变;采用改良的Takay法测定蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性,蛋白质免疫印迹分析(Westernblot)及免疫组化方法检测转化生长因子β₁在DM大鼠肺组织表达变化并以原位杂交方法检测丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶p38(p38MAPK)活性。结果:DM大鼠4周后毛细血管壁及肺泡间隔增厚,肺间质胶原成份增多,TGF-β₁在肺组织表达增多,肺组织PKC、p38MAPK活性增强。结论:链脲菌素糖尿病大鼠肺组织高糖环境下细胞内外信号传导系统PKC-p38MAPK被激活,可能参与糖尿病肺部并发症的发生和发展。     

氧化高密度脂蛋白通过MAPKs信号转导途径诱导ECV304细胞表达组织因子

目的： 探讨氧化高密度脂蛋白(oxHDL)对人脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV304细胞表达组织因子(TF)的影响及其机制。方法：实验分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组（加组胺）、HDL、oxHDL 4组, ECV304细胞经不同浓度oxHDL、HDL（10-120 mg/L）和组胺(1×10-9-1×10-4 mol/L)处理不同时间(2-8 h)后,采用实时定量PCR (RQ-PCR)和Western bloting方法检测TF表达。同时,分别应用SP600125［c-Jun氨基端激酶(JNK) 特异性抑制剂］、SB203580［p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK) 特异性抑制剂］、 PD98059［细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2) 特异性抑制剂］,观察其对oxHDL和组胺诱导的ECV304细胞表达TF的影响。 结果：正常ECV304细胞未检测到TF,经组胺处理1 h后TF mRNA表达明显增加,在1×10-5 mol/L时最高,约为1×10-9 mol/L时的4.8倍。oxHDL以时间和浓度依赖性方式诱导ECV304细胞TF mRNA表达,在oxHDL 20 mg/L时最高,为10 mg/L时的1.8倍,在第6 h时TF mRNA表达水平为第2 h的5.3倍（P<0.05）,并在20 mg/L时显著刺激ECV304细胞TF蛋白表达,为40 mg/L时的1.5倍,而HDL没有此效应。 MAPKs（JNK、p38 MAPK、ERK1/2）抑制剂可部分解除oxHDL诱导ECV304细胞TF表达的效应,TF分别下调表达至原来的19.0%、5.0%和13.0%（P<0.05)。结论：oxHDL能以浓度和时间依赖性方式诱导ECV304细胞产生TF,其机制可能通过JNK、p38 MAPK和ERK1/2所介导。     

H2S通过MAPK信号通路影响缺血再灌注损伤大鼠回肠上皮细胞凋亡

 目的: 建立大鼠肠缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤模型,研究H₂S对I/R损伤大鼠回肠上皮细胞凋亡、MAPK信号通路表达的影响。方法: 30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术(sham)组、I/R组、I/R+NaHS组。建立大鼠肠I/R损伤模型。再灌注前10 min时经大鼠尾静脉注入100μmol/kg NaHS,随后按1 mg·kg^-1·h^-1输注直到再灌注2 h。RT-PCR检测回肠组织ERK、JNK和p38MAPK的mRNA表达,Western blot检测回肠组织p-ERK、p-JNK、p-p38MAPK、p-NF-κB P65的蛋白水平。TUNEL染色检测回肠上皮细胞凋亡。敏感硫电极法测定血、回肠组织匀浆中的H₂S浓度。结果: I/R组的H₂S浓度、ERK、mRNA、p-ERK均低于sham组和I/R+NaHS组,JNK mRNA、p38MAPK mRNA、p-JNK、p-p38MAPK、p-NF-κB P65和凋亡指数高于sham组和I/R+NaHS组。结论: H₂S通过下调ERK的mRNA表达及磷酸化,上调JNK、p38MAPK mRNA的表达,促进JNK、p38MAPK、NF-κB磷酸化,从而减轻I/R损伤大鼠的回肠上皮细胞凋亡。     

Anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of Silybum marianum in treatment of experimental steatohepatitis

In this study, we were aimed to evaluate the probable effect of the crud extract of Silybum marianum, with high polyphenolic content, on experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). To induce NASH, a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet was given to N-Mary rats for 8 weeks. After NASH development, MCD-fed rats were divided into two groups: MCD groups received MCD diet and MCD + S group was fed MCD diet plus crude extract of S. marianum orally for 3 weeks. Control group was fed a normal diet for 11 weeks. Finally, all rats were sacrificed. Plasma alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels were evaluated. In addition, the following hepatic factors were also evaluated: liver histology, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents, gene expressions of TNF-α and TGF-β and immunoblot evaluations of caspase-3, ERK/p-ERK, JNK/pJNK and p38/pp38. Histopathological evaluations of the liver samples revealed that treatment with the S. marianum extract has abated the severity of NASH among the MCD-fed rats. Also, a significant reduction was observed in the sera ALT and AST activities. In addition, the extract caused dramatic reduction in the elevated hepatic TNF-α and TGF-β mRNA and MDA levels along with an increase in the GSH content. Moreover, the plant extract treatments significantly lowered activation of procaspase-3 to active caspase-3 and also lowered the phosphorylated form of JNK among the same group of rats. These results suggest that the S. marianum crude extract beneficial effects on NASH are mainly due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.     

三七总皂苷对低氧大鼠肺动脉压和肺组织p38 MAPK表达的影响

目的:探讨三七总皂苷(PNS)对低氧大鼠p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)表达的影响,及预防低氧性肺动脉高压(HPH)的作用和机制。方法:将30只SD大鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组、低氧组和低氧+PNS组。观察各组大鼠平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、平均颈动脉压(mCAP)和右心室/(左心室+室间隔重量)比[RV/(LV+S)],免疫组化法和RT-PCR法分别检测肺小血管壁磷酸化p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK)蛋白和肺组织中mRNA的含量。结果:与对照组相比,低氧组大鼠mPAP、RV/(LV+S)明显升高,肺小动脉p-p38 MAPK及肺组织p38 MAPK mRNA含量显著升高(P0.05)。低氧+PNS组mPAP、RV/(LV+S)、肺小动脉p-p38 MAPK及肺组织p38 MAPK mRNA含量明显低于低氧组(P0.05)。结论:PNS具有显著预防HPH的作用,其机制可能与其降低p38 MAPK mRNA的表达有关。