循环水变温毯对食管癌根治术患者术后寒战及炎症应激反应的影响

目的探讨循环水变温毯对食管癌根治术患者术后寒战及炎症应激反应的影响。方法选取2013年1月至2017年12月60例于我院肿瘤科接受食管癌根治术患者为研究对象,随机将其分为对照组28例和观察组32例,对照组给予常规保温措施联合普通手术台用电热毯,观察组给予常规护理保温措施联合循环水变温毯。比较两组患者各时间点体温变化、术后寒颤发生情况以及外周血白细胞介素-6(IL-6)浓度。结果观察组患者各时间点体温高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);观察组患者出现寒战情况少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。手术结束以及术后24 h观察组患者IL-6浓度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论给予食管癌根治术患者循环水变温毯保温干预能够稳定患者术中至术后的体温状态,减少患者术后寒战和炎症应激反应情况,值得临床推广应用。     

对经皮肾镜手术患者术中实施保温护理的效果观察

目的：观察对经皮肾镜手术患者术中实施保温护理的临床效果。方法：将68例经皮肾镜手术患者随机分为对照组和观察组各34例,两组均在相同室温下进行手术,对照组按常规进行护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上采用一系列保温措施。观察两组患者手术过程中的体温变化及寒战发生的情况。结果：与麻醉前基础值相比,对照组在手术开始后60、90、120min及术毕各时间点体温值均显著下降（P〈0.01）,而观察组术中及术毕各时间点体温值均无显著差别（P（0.05）;组间比较,两组在上述各时间点体温值差异显著（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;在寒战次数及寒战评分上比较两组亦有显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论：经皮肾镜手术中通过采取有效的保温措施可以保持术中体温的恒定,减少寒战的发生。     

综合保温对高龄高危前列腺增生患者经尿道前列腺电切术中低体温的影响

目的观察综合保温干预在高龄高危前列腺增生患者经尿道前列腺电切术中的应用效果。方法将99例择期行经尿道前列腺电切术的高龄高危前列腺增生患者按随机数字表法分为观察组49例和对照组50例,对照组给予常规保温措施,观察组采用综合保温措施,比较两组患者入手术室时、手术20 min、手术40 min、手术60 min、手术80 min、手术结束时6个时间点的体温及术后寒战情况。结果手术40 min、手术60 min、手术80 min和手术结束时观察组体温高于对照组同期,手术结束时观察组低体温发生率低于对照组,术后观察组寒战发生率低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高龄高危前列腺增生患者经尿道前列腺电切术中采用综合保温干预维持体温效果优于常规方法,可有效减少低体温及术后寒战的发生。     

多途径保温措施对胃癌患者术中体温的影响

目的:探讨多途径保温措施对胃癌患者术中体温的影响。方法:选取2013年10月~2014年10月全麻下行胃癌手术的患者80例,并随机等分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予常规术中保温措施;观察组在此的基础上,采用手术床铺充气式保温毯,肩部自制肩垫保暖,术中使用温盐水冲洗腹腔等多途径保温措施。比较两组患者的保温效果。结果:观察组术中体温较平稳,对照组在手术过程中及术后各个时间点,体温较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组手术过程中各时间点和术后体温较观察组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胃癌手术中采取多途径保温措施可减少患者术中低体温及术后寒战的发生,提高围手术期患者的安全性。     

保温护理对髋关节置换术术中低体温的影响

目的：探讨术中保温护理在髋关节置换术的应用效果。方法将我院2009年1月至2012年12月进行髋关节置换术的98例患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各49例,对照组术中采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上加强术中保温护理,比较两组患者的保温效果、术毕应激程度以及术后恢复情况、护理满意度。结果观察组术中低体温的发生率显著少于对照组,术毕体温显著高于对照组,术后寒战的发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,观察组术毕时的肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和C反应蛋白均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。观察组的术后拔管时间、清醒时间、感染率显著低于对照组,观察组的护理满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论术中保温护理可以给患者良好的体温保护,减少术中低体温的发生,降低手术应激反应,确保手术的安全性,改善患者围手术期内环境紊乱,促进术后康复,是一项值得推广的术中护理措施。     

手术室复合保温干预对妇科宫腔镜患者术中低体温和术后应激障碍的影响

目的探讨手术室复合保温干预对妇科宫腔镜手术患者术中低体温及术后应激炎症反应的影响。方法随机将2014年1月至2017年1月行妇科宫腔镜手术的60例患者等分为对照组和观察组。对照组给予常规保温处理,观察组行复合保温干预,比较两组围术期麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后30 min(T1)、60 min(T2)、术毕(T3)体温变化、术后24 h创伤后应激障碍筛查量表平民版(PCL-C)评分;记录两组术中低体温、寒战、躁动发生率、拔管时间、清醒时间及住院时间。结果观察组T1,T2,T3时体温、术后24 h PCL-C评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术中低体温、寒战、躁动发生情况均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组拔管时间、清醒时间、住院时间均显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论手术室复合保温干预能有效维持妇科宫腔镜患者术中体温稳定,显著降低术中低体温、寒战、躁动发生率,同时能减轻患者术后应激障碍症状,缩短住院时间。     

腹腔镜手术患儿术中预保温护理措施探讨

目的探讨术中预保温护理措施对腹腔镜手术患儿体温变化的影响。方法将200例腹腔镜手术患儿随机分为观察组与对照组各100例。对照组采用常规保温措施,观察给采用预保温护理措施。比较2组患儿术中体温变化、寒战发生情况、应激指标。结果观察组切皮后30 min、术毕时体温高于对照组,术中寒战的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。观察组术毕的肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。观察组的拔管时间、自主呼吸恢复时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论术中预保温护理能够维持患儿术中体温的恒定,减少应激反应和寒战的发生,缩短拔管时间。     

术中保温对全身麻醉后腹部手术患者的护理效果观察

目的 探讨术中保温对全身麻醉后腹部手术患者的作用.方法 将56例全身麻醉后的腹部择期手术患者随机分为2组.观察组34例,在常规进行手术的同时还采取电子加温毯、充气温控毯及输液加温器等措施对患者进行术中保温;对照组22例,按常规进行手术.比较2组患者在手术结束时的体温、凝血功能(PT、ARTT)、麻醉拔管时间和术后发生寒战及手术部位感染(SSI)的情况.进行t检验和X2检验.结果 手术结束后观察组的体温为(36.8±0.4)℃,对照组为(35.6±0.8)℃,观察组显著高于对照组.观察组的PT、APTT和麻醉拔管时间分别为(13.5±1.2)s,(34.4±3.1)s和(18.2±11.3)min,均明显短于对照组.观察组无一例患者在术后发生寒战,有5例手术部位感染,而对照组有8例患者在术后发生寒战,有6例手术部位感染.结论 术中采取综合保温措施可有效地维持全身麻醉后腹部手术患者的正常体温(36～37℃),对改善术后凝血功能、缩短拔管时间和减少术后手术部位感染发生等方面具有重要作用.     

改良充气保温毯复合保温措施对口腔癌患者术中体温的控制效果

目的探讨改良充气保温毯复合保温措施对口腔癌联合皮瓣修复患者术中体温的影响。方法选择2021年2月—2022年2月口腔癌根治联合同期游离皮瓣移植修复术患者91例。将未使用充气保温毯的口腔癌手术患者48例纳入对照组,使用充气保温毯的口腔癌手术患者43例纳入观察组。对照组给予常规保暖措施联合加温输液液体。观察组在对照组的基础上联合改良充气加温毯。对比两组患者在各时间点核心体温、术中出血量、复苏时间、皮瓣危象发生率、寒战发生率。结果观察组患者核心体温在麻醉后、手术开始后30 min、皮瓣血管吻合时、手术结束时、PACU转入转出体温均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组出血量少,寒战、皮瓣危象发生率低,与对照组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良充气保温毯复合保温措施能够有效预防口腔癌患者围术期低体温的发生,减少出血量,降低寒战、皮瓣危象发生率,从而促进患者加速康复。     

复合保温对老年手术患者术后手术部位感染、炎症因子及复苏期寒战的影响研究

目的 探析复合保温对老年手术患者术后手术部位感染、炎症因子及复苏期寒战的影响.方法 选择2018年6-12月于该院行手术治疗的92例老年患者作为对照组,接受术中常规护理,另抽取2019年1-8月于该院行手术治疗的87例老年患者作为研究组,在常规护理的基础上术中采用复合保温处理,分别在麻醉时(T0)、切皮时(T1)、手术开始后30 min(T2)及手术开始后120 min(T3)、手术结束时(T4)观察两组体温变化;于术前,术后6、12 h观察两组白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平变化.另外统计两组术后手术部位感染率及复苏期寒战发生率.结果 T0时两组患者体温对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T1-T4时,研究组患者体温均高于对照组,且处于正常范围内,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组手术部位感染率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组术前IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且研究组在术后6、12 h上述指标水平均较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者术后肢体寒战发生率明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 复合保温处理可维持老年手术患者体温处于恒定状态,进而降低术后全身炎性反应及手术部位感染率,避免复苏期寒战的发生,有利于术后恢复,值得推广.     

桥式同心分注技术在超深双台阶水平井中的应用

塔里木油田埋地集输管道的阴极保护系统中, 电绝缘装置多次发生内腐蚀穿孔, 由于电绝缘装置在油气田集输管道中应用数量众多, 关系到站场、管道的完整性, 阴极保护中电绝缘装置的内腐蚀穿孔问题越来越引起人们的重视。通过研究阴极保护中电绝缘装置内腐蚀穿孔的诸多现象, 发现电绝缘装置所在管道输送的物料中都含有高矿化度的水, 且在绝缘接头(法兰) 的底部都有沉积水相存在；内腐蚀穿孔的位置都集中在非保护侧, 且都集中在底部, 越靠近绝缘环板处腐蚀越严重；腐蚀穿孔的速率明显高于CO2或H2S或二者共存时的自然腐蚀速率；腐蚀形貌特殊, 蚀坑呈圆形, 边缘清晰, 蚀坑内表面光洁, 无腐蚀产物沉积、附着, 具有典型的直流杂散电流腐蚀形貌特征。用等效电路法分析了发生腐蚀穿孔的原因, 并提出了相应的防止内腐蚀穿孔技术措施。     

Two-dimensional lamellar polyimide/cardanol-based benzoxazine copper polymer composite coatings with excellent anti-corrosion performance

The economic loss and environmental damage caused by metal corrosion is irreversible. Thus, effective methods, such as coating technologies are used to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. In this work, cardanol-based benzoxazine (CB) was synthesized by a solvent-free method using cardanol, paraformaldehyde and n-octylamine. A cardanol-based benzoxazine copper polymer (CBCP) with good mechanical properties was then prepared by CuCl₂ catalysis and can be cured at room temperature. Subsequently, polyimide corrosion inhibitors with a two-dimensional sheet structure (pyromellitic dianhydride polyimide (PDPI) and 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride polyimide (NDPI)) were designed and prepared. Lastly, PDPI or NDPI was mixed with CBCP to obtain two-dimensional lamellar polyimide/cardanol-based benzoxazine copper polymer composite coatings. The Tafel curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed composite coatings with good corrosion resistance in different corrosive media. Compared to CBCP coating, the anticorrosion performance of the composite coatings improved obviously, especially the coating obtained with 0.5 wt% PDPI. It exhibits a high polarization resistance (3.874 × 10⁹ Ω), a high protection efficiency (99.99% and 97.98%) and low corrosion rate (3.376 × 10⁻⁶ mm year⁻¹). This work suggested a facile and eco-friendly strategy for preparing bio-based anticorrosive composite coatings from low cost and abundant cardanol and polyimide corrosion inhibitors, which will significantly promote their application in metal anticorrosion.

Room temperature cured two-dimensional lamellar polyimide/cardanol-based benzoxazine copper polymer composite coatings were successfully prepared, which exhibited excellent mechanical properties and anticorrosion properties.     

Experimental and computational studies of a graphene oxide barrier layer covalently functionalized with amino acids on Mg AZ13 alloy in salt medium

Magnesium alloys are promising materials for the biomedical and automobile industries. The Mg alloy''s light-weight property leads to numerous industrial applications. However, the magnesium alloy oxide layers are not stable in salt environments. Organic inhibitors and epoxy coatings fail as long term barriers in such media. Recently, carbon based functionalized materials, graphene oxides, were shown to be promising materials for improving corrosion resistance in acid and salt environments. Our research considered graphene oxide covalently functionalized with the amino acid leucine to form anticorrosion coating materials. The functionalized materials were characterized by XRD, Raman, FESEM, HRTEM, FTIR, and AFM methods. The corrosion inhibition efficiency was monitored by electrochemical methods. The novelty of the functionalized graphene oxide materials is that they are water impermeable, and thus could enhance the anticorrosion resistance in salt environments.

Leucine functionalized graphene oxide chemisorbed on a 111 surface AZ13 magnesium alloy via edge functional groups.     

Experimental and theoretical research on a new corrosion inhibitor for effective oil and gas acidification

A new dibenzylamine-quinoline derivative (DEEQ) was synthesized and investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 15% HCl solution in various ways, including via weight loss measurements, contact angle measurements, electrochemical measurements (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and theoretical calculations. The experimental results revealed that DEEQ is an effective corrosion inhibitor for oil and gas acidification. In an oil–water two-phase system, the wettability of mild steel can be changed by adsorption, while obeying the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Finally, quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamic simulation parameters further show a definite correlation between the theoretical and experimental results.

A new dibenzylamine-quinoline derivative (DEEQ) was synthesized and shown to be an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 15% HCl solution for oil and gas acidification.     

塔中Ⅰ号气田缝洞型碳酸盐岩凝析气藏相态特征与开发对策

塔中Ⅰ号气田缝洞型碳酸盐岩凝析气藏开发中存在复杂相态特征,为此将这种特殊的凝析气藏分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,分别对应带底油凝析气藏、无底油中高含凝析油凝析气藏、无底油低含凝析油凝析气藏。其中,Ⅰ类为饱和凝析气藏,开发过程中相图由凝析气逐渐过渡到原油；Ⅱ类为未饱和凝析气藏,开发过程中随着反凝析的发生相图逐渐收缩,井流物反凝析油饱和度降低,但整个试采期间均呈凝析气藏特征；Ⅲ类为低饱和凝析气藏,在开发过程中会发生轻微反凝析,后期相图逐渐过渡到干气。基于相态分类研究提出了适合缝洞型碳酸盐岩凝析气藏的开发对策:Ⅰ类控制合理生产压差,衰竭式开发后优先考虑注水开发；Ⅱ类优先考虑进行注水保压提高凝析油采收率,分为单井注水保压和单元注水保压；而Ⅲ类则可直接采用衰竭式开发。     

口腔正畸用镍钛弓丝的腐蚀性及防腐蚀

背景：口腔正畸用镍钛弓丝临床使用后期常发生弓丝力学性能降低现象,严重影响了临床治疗效果,有研究表明口腔唾液电解质环境腐蚀是影响其性能的主要因素之一。目的：综述近年国内外关于口腔正畸用镍钛弓丝腐蚀性研究的进展。方法：采用计算机检索中国知网数据库CNKI 1995-01/2010-10,PubMed数据库和Elsevier（ScienceDirect）数据库1975-01/2010-10与正畸用镍钛弓丝腐蚀性相关得研究。结果与结论：在复杂的口腔环境中,温度、负载、氟离子等因素均能加速对正畸用镍钛弓丝的腐蚀,不同程度地影响正畸用镍钛弓丝的性能,降低正畸镍钛弓丝的机械性能,增大表面粗糙度进而延长了正畸治疗疗程,增加了正畸治疗成本。正畸用镍钛弓丝腐蚀所释放的镍离子降低了其生物安全性。防腐蚀处理能提高镍钛弓丝的抗腐蚀能力,主要应用表面处理技术,但目前安全有效的方法并不多,对正畸用镍钛弓丝的腐蚀和防腐蚀还有待于进一步深入研究。     

Synergistically assembled graphene/ZnO composite to enhance anticorrosion performance of waterborne epoxy coatings

In this work, waterborne epoxy resin and graphene/ZnO (Gr/ZnO) were employed as the matrix and nanofiller to construct composite coatings with enhanced anticorrosive performance. The corrosion protection properties of the coatings were significantly improved by the dispersed Gr sheets, as well as the parallelly assembled ZnO nanoparticles. The most remarkable improvement was achieved by adding 0.04 wt% of Gr and 0.4 wt% of ZnO in the Waterborne Epoxy (WEP) coatings, where the highest impedance was 200 530 Ω cm² on Gr_0.04–ZnO_0.4, far more than pure epoxy with 6186 Ω cm² after 7 days of immersion in electrolytes. Furthermore, the Gr_0.04–ZnO_0.4 coatings and corresponding corrosion products immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution for 30 days were also characterized, which could further reveal anticorrosion mechanisms of the graphene modified WEP coatings and the passivated effect of ZnO. Through the mechanism analysis, we also found that ZnO could be employed as the barrier reinforcement to improve the dispersibility of graphene in WEP coatings, and the parallel assembly of graphene occurs spontaneously, leading to remarkable improvement of anticorrosion properties.

This is the first example of synergistically assembled Gr/ZnO sheets to improve the corrosion protection properties of WEP coatings, and Gr_0.04–ZnO_0.4 exhibited the highest impedance of 200 530 Ω cm² compared to pure WEP of 6186 Ω cm².     

From initial treatment design to final disposal of chelating agents: a review of corrosion and degradation mechanisms

The use of aminopolycarboxylic acids (APCAs) is increasing rapidly in several industries because of their unique properties of chelation and their effectiveness in high-temperature conditions. One of the major design considerations before their application is their thermal stability and their corrosivity to tubulars, especially the ones used in the oil and gas industry. Their disposal is also an active topic of discussion. The coordination bond formed between the chelator and metal ions is strong and thus can have long-lasting effects on the environment in terms of the metal''s bioavailability. Therefore, its biodegradation and photodegradation must be considered. There is a lack of a single source of these major decision criteria for the selection of suitable APCAs and this paper provides an outlet for researchers and industry professionals to further their understanding of APCAs. Several types of APCAs including EDTA, DTPA, HEDTA, GLDA, NTA, MGDA, CDTA, HEIDA, EDDS, and ASDA were reviewed for their corrosion mechanisms and corrosion rates to the most common tubulars used in the oil and gas industry. In some cases, these chelating agents were implemented as corrosion inhibitors as well. The degradation of APCA was divided into three major categories: thermal-, bio-, and photo-degradation. The influence of temperature, microorganisms, and light play an important role during and post-treatment. To fully understand these degradation mechanisms, literature from several industries including medical, mining, toxicology, hydrometallurgy, materials, environmental sciences, mineral sciences, and electrochemical sciences was examined and elucidated. This paper provides a unique perspective of design considerations with the application of the frequently used APCAs. This review connects literature from several industries and can provide an important step-change in the overall understanding of APCAs from the initial design phase to their final disposal and treatment.

In this review, we discuss how chelating agents and their products can cause corrosion and how it goes through the oilfield cycle including thermal, photo, and biodegradation.     

Performance demonstration of gas-assisted gravity drainage in a heterogeneous reservoir using a 3D scaled model

Gas-assisted gravity drainage (GAGD) is an effective method for oil recovery. Gravity increases the stability of the Gas–Oil Contact (GOC), thus delaying gas breakthrough and promoting crude oil production. Studying the effects of fluid and reservoir parameters on the stability of GOC could help understand the mechanism of GAGD. In this study, a series of high-pressure GAGD tests were conducted on a 3D heterogeneous scaled model established according to the heterogeneity of the oil reservoir. During the tests, GOC was monitored with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to study the effects of gas injection rate, gas type, and gas injection direction on GOC and oil recovery factor (RF). The results showed that N₂-GAGD achieved the most stable GOC, the largest sweep volume but a poor RF. CO₂-GAGD achieved the best RF of 63.33% at the injection rate of 0.15 m d⁻¹ under 15 MPa. CO₂ and CH₄ could interact with crude oil and reduce the advancing rate and transverse swept area of GOC. CO₂ and CH₄ could lead to a higher RF as they reduce the viscosity of crude oil, cause swelling when dissolved, and have low tension. Therefore, the effects of gas dissolution, swelling, and viscosity reduction must be considered in addition to those of gravity, viscous force, and the capillary force so that RF could be increased while ensuring the stability of the displacement front. Accordingly, a new non-dimensional number N_new was proposed with comprehensive considerations of gravity, viscous force, capillary force, gas–oil viscosity ratio, the viscosity reduction by gas, and reservoir properties. Finally, a prediction model was proposed, which could accurately predict the RF of heterogeneous reservoirs applying GAGD.

Gas-assisted gravity drainage (GAGD) is an effective method for oil recovery.     

磁性附着体衔铁的耐腐蚀性研究

背景：磁性附着体的衔铁长期暴露于口腔复杂的环境中易受各种因素的影响而发生缓慢腐蚀。目的：就衔铁耐腐蚀性能研究方法及影响因素的研究进展作一综述。方法：由第一作者检索Ovid、Science Direct数据库2001-01/2011-12及中国期刊网全文数据库2003-01/2011-12有关磁性附着体及衔铁耐腐蚀性、牙科金属耐腐蚀性的文章,英文检索词为＂magnetic attachment或keeper或dentalmetal＂and＂corrosion或anticorrosion＂,中文检索词为＂磁性附着体,衔铁,牙科合金,腐蚀＂。排除重复性研究及Meta分析,共保留30篇文献进行综述。结果与结论：腐蚀电化学实验及表面形貌研究是是目前普遍的研究方法,腐蚀凝胶法作为一种新的简便易行的检测方法,可用于横向比较研究,微电极技术及Kelvin探针技术不失为一种研究细微局部腐蚀情况的新方法。衔铁应用形式、衔铁本身的合金成分及衔接的根帽合金种类、制作加工工艺、是否加有防护涂层以及患者的口腔情况等都会影响衔铁在口腔内的腐蚀情况。但是目前针对衔铁耐腐蚀性的研究还比较欠缺,主要着重于衔铁本身,而对衔铁根帽等复合结构耐腐蚀性影响的研究还是一片空白,需进一步研究探索。