亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因C677T、β-纤维蛋白原基因G448A多态性与缺血性卒中遗传易感性的关系

目的 探讨亚甲基四氧叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MqHFR)基因C677T、β-纤维蛋白原(β-fibrinogen,β-Fg)基因C0448A多态性与缺血性卒中遗传易感性的关系.方法 采用寡核苷酸芯片技术对88例缺血性卒中患者及与其配对的88名对照者进行单核苷酸多态性位点检测和分析.结果 缺血性卒中患者组MqHFR基因T纯合基因型、杂合基因型和T等位基因频率分别为17.0%、50.0%和42.05%.对照组为11.4%、36.4%和29.55%,两组间MTHFR基因C677T基因型频率(P=0.034)和等位基因频率(P=0.014)分布有显著差异,β-Fg基因杂合基因型和A等位基因频率分别为27.3%和15.91%,对照组为25.0%和14.77%.多元logistic回归分析显示,M31-IFR基因C677T CT基因型与缺血性卒中发病有关(优势比为2.181,95%CI 1.138～4.181;P<0.05);β-Fg基因G448A与缺血性卒中无显著相关性,其与MTHFR基因C677T位点无协同作用.结论 MTHFR基因C677T位点突变可能足缺血性卒中发病的遗传因素之一.     

MTHFR基因多态性与脑卒中的相关性

目的探讨河南豫北地区汉族脑卒中人群中N5,N10亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T基因多态性。方法应用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性技术对151例脑卒中患者和151名健康对照人群进行HFR/C677T基因多态性分析,并对MTHFR/C677 T位点进行单倍型分析;同时检测两组同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果两组FR/C677T基因型和等位基因频率有显著差异(P0.05),脑卒中组Hcy水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 MTHFR T/T基因型可能与脑卒中相关。     

MTHFR基因多态性与法洛四联症的相关性研究

目的探讨5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性与法洛四联症(TOF)的关系。方法选择136例TOF患儿(观察组)和277例健康儿童(对照组),应用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性结合直接测序法对两组MTHFR基因C677T位点多态性进行检测,分析两组基因型频率分布及各基因型与TOF的关系。采用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行分析。结果 MTHFR基因C677T突变基因型TT在观察组发生率显著高于对照组,P<0.05(χ2=11.89);T等位基因携带者患TOF的风险高于C等位基因携带者(OR=0.553,95%CI为0.412 3～0.741 4)。结论MTHFR基因多态性与TOF存在明显相关性,MTHFR基因可能是TOF的遗传易感基因。     

N5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与蒙古族原发性高血压病的关系

目的探讨N5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)C677T位点突变与蒙古族高血压病患者之间的关系.方法采用Sequenom系统检测110例高血压病患者及115例健康对照组MTHFR基因多态性.结果蒙古族高血压人群MTHFR基因TT基因型频率及T等位基因频率(0.15,0.32)与正常人群(0.10,0.29)相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05);单纯收缩压增高人群MTHFR基因型TT基因型及T等位基因频率(0.23,0.40)高于正常人群,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论MTHFR C677T位点TT基因型及T等位基因突变增加蒙古族人群单纯收缩压增高的危险性,可能是单纯收缩期高血压病的易感基因.     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因C677T多态性与HBV感染后疾病转归的关系

目的:探讨MTHFR C677T多态性对HBV感染后疾病转归的关系. 方法:采用TaqMan SNP基因分型和基因测序的方法检测152例健康对照人群、161例感染HBV后自愈者、173例慢性乙型肝炎患者、138例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者以及181例HBV相关性肝癌患者的MTHFR基因C677T位点的基因型及等位基因的分布及其差异. 结果:805例研究对象的基因型分布为CT基因型占47.09%、TT占30.43%、CC占22.48%;等位基因频率:C为46.02%,T为53.98%,此结果明显不同于以往报道.等位基因和基因型分布在各肝病组无统计学差异.分析不同性别在各组中的分布特征表明,男性患者TT在各组中显示风险降低,特别在肝硬化组TT和CT的OR值最低(与自愈组比较:0.675,95%CI:0.308-1.479;0.510,95%CI:0.248-1.050);而在女性的自愈、慢乙型肝炎和肝硬化组,TT和CT显示风险度增加,特别在肝硬化组OR值最高(与自愈组比较:3.542,95%CI:0.885-14.171;3.167,95%CI:0.821-12.211),具有统计学差异(P=0.022).同时,在女性肝癌组却显示风险度降低(0.638,95%CI:0.213-1.904;0.500,95%CI:0.175-1.432). 结论:本研究显示MTHFR C677T多态性在中国天津汉族人中显示了较高的TT基因型频率,同时提示MTHFR C677T多态性在HBV感染后疾病发展的过程中发挥重要作用.     

N5，10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与蒙古族原发性高血压病的关系

目的探讨N5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)C677T位点突变与蒙古族高血压病患者之间的关系。方法采用Sequenom系统检测110例高血压病患者及115例健康对照组MTHFR基因多态性。结果蒙古族高血压人群MTHFR基因TT基因型频率及T等位基因频率(0.15,0.32)与正常人群(0.10,0.29)相比差异无显著性(P>0.05);单纯收缩压增高人群MTHFR基因型TT基因型及T等位基因频率(0.23,0.40)高于正常人群,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论MTHFR C677T位点TT基因型及T等位基因突变增加蒙古族人群单纯收缩压增高的危险性,可能是单纯收缩期高血压病的易感基因。     

N5，N10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性及血浆同型半胱氨酸与冠心病的关系

目的研究N5,N10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T多态性、血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与冠心病的关系。方法选取2013年至2015年在我院住院的冠心病患者256例,按年龄分为60岁组(中青年组)107例及≥60岁组(老年组)149例,选取同期行健康体检的人群145例作为对照组,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术和基因芯片分析技术检测MTHFR基因C677T多态性,应用高效液相色谱法测定血浆Hcy水平,分析不同组群之间MTHFR基因C677T多态性的分布及Hcy水平。结果 MTHFR基因分布频率:中青年组CC型、CT型、TT型基因频率分别为26.2%,43.9%,29.9%,C等位基因频率为48.1%,T等位基因频率为51.9%。中青年组CC型、CT型、TT型基因频率分别为35.6%,42.3%,22.1%,C等位基因频率为56.8%,T等位基因频率为43.2%。对照组CC型、CT型、TT型基因频率分别为37.9%,40.1%,21.4%,C等位基因频率为58.3%,T等位基因频率为41.7%。中青年组T等位基因频率明显高于对照组(χ~2=5.10,P=0.015),中青年组Hcy浓度明显高于对照组。老年组T等位基因频率与对照组比较差异无显著性(χ~2=0.147,P=0.382),两组间Hcy浓度差异无显著性。各组的TT基因型者血浆Hcy浓度均明显高于CC和TC基因型者(P0.01),而后两者间差异无显著性。结论 MTHFR基因TT型可导致Hcy水平明显升高,MTHFR基因C677T点突变仅与中青年组冠心病患者相关,与老年组冠心病患者无明显相关,Hcy水平升高及MTHFR基因T等位基因频率增高可能为中青年冠心病患者的危险因素,提示不同年龄阶段的冠心病患者发病的机制可能存在差异。     

MTHFR基因多态性与肺血栓栓塞症的关系

目的探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性与肺栓塞的关系。方法选取肺栓塞患者102例及同期住院或门诊患者及健康体检者120例,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法进行检测两组MTHFR基因C677T、A1298C位点的多态性,比较两组基因型和等位基因分布频率。结果 1在肺栓塞组中,MTHFR C677T位点CC、C/T、TT基因型频率分别为20.6%、31.4%、48%,在对照组中分别为29.2%、39.1%、31.7%,在两组中TT基因型频率差异有统计学意义(P=0.013)。在两组间,T等位基因分布频率差异有统计学意义(P=0.008)。2在肺栓塞组中,MTHFR A1298C位点AA、A/C、CC基因型频率分别为23.5%、31.4%、45.1%,在对照组中分别为31.7%、37.5%、30.8%,在两组中CC基因型频率差异有统计学意义(P=0.029),等位基因C分布频率两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。结论MTHFR基因C677T位点的TT基因型及A1298C位点的CC基因型多态性可能为肺血栓栓塞症的高危因素。     

内皮型一氧化氮合酶和N5，N10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与苏皖地区汉族人群早发冠心病易感性的相关关系

目的 探讨内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)基因第7外显子G894T突变和N5,N10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T突变与苏皖地区汉族人群早发冠心病(PCAD)发病的关系.方法 采用病例对照研究的方法,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片长多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,分别检测131例PCAD患者(PCAD组)和131例年龄、性别相匹配的无冠心病者(对照组)的eNOS和MTHFR基因的单核苷酸多态性,判定其基因型并统计各基因型及等位基因的频率.结果 eNOS基因G894T多态性在PCAD组和对照组中的基因型分布(x2=2.072,P=0.355)和T等位基因频率(x2=0.727,P=0.394)差异均无统计学意义.MTHFR基因C677T基因型在PCAD组CT和TT型分布均高于对照组(x2 =14.290,P=0.001),T等位基因频率亦高于对照组(x2=16.339,P =0.000),差异有显著性(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示,携带MTHFR基因C677TTT基因型是PCAD发病的独立危险因素.结论 eNOS基因G894T多态性可能与苏皖地区汉族人群PCAD发病无关;MTHFR基因677C/T多态性的TT基因型可能增加苏皖地区汉族人群PCAD的患病风险,T等位基因可能是PCAD的遗传易感基因.     

MTHFR基因多态性与河南中部地区汉族人群急性冠脉综合征发生的关联性研究

目的探讨5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性与河南中部地区汉族人群急性冠脉综合征(ACS)发生的关联性。方法招募河南中部地区汉族ACS患者280例作为观察组,选取同期行健康体检的河南中部地区汉族健康受试者286名作为对照组。采用荧光染色原位杂交技术检测两组MTHFR基因C677T、A1298C位点基因型,比较两组受试者各基因型及等位基因分布的差异,采用二元Logistic回归分析MTHFR基因多态性与ACS发生的关联性。结果两组各基因型分布频率均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05)。对照组MTHFR C677T位点CC、CT、TT型分布频率分别为31.82%、47.90%、20.28%,MTHFR A1298C位点AA、AC、CC型分布频率分别为73.78%、21.68%、4.54%;观察组MTHFR C677T位点CC、CT、TT型分布频率分别为16.43%、40.71%、42.86%,MTHFR A1298C位点AA、AC、CC型分布频率分别为69.29%、27.14%、3.57%。两组受试者MTHFR C677T各基因型分布频率及等位基因频率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而MTHFR A1298C各基因型分布频率及等位基因频率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,MTHFR C677T基因型是ACS发生的影响因素(P0.05),以TT型为参照,CC型发生ACS的可能性是TT型的24.4%,CT型发生ACS的可能性是TT型的40.2%。结论 MTHFR基因多态性与河南中部地区汉族人群ACS发生有关,其中C677T位点突变可能是ACS发生的影响因素,而A1298C位点基因多态性与ACS发生的关联性较低。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.