Qualitative and quantitative studies on impurities in G004, a potential hypoglycaemic agent, using liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry

G004, 1-(4-(2-(4-bromobenzenesulphonamino) ethyl) phenylsuphonyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl) urea, is being developed as a potential hypoglycaemic agent. In this study, the related compounds in the bulk drug substance of G004 were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. An unknown compound in the drug, which has never been reported, was isolated using preparative liquid chromatography and characterized as 1-(4-(2-(2-bromobenzenesulphonamino) ethyl) phenylsuphonyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl) urea using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Moreover, a reversed-phase liquid chromatography method was developed for quantification of both the major impurities and the main constituent. The proposed method was validated and applied during impurity studies and quality control analysis of the bulk drug and laboratory-prepared samples of G004.     

阿哌沙班中3个杂质的合成研究

目的设计并合成阿哌沙班中的3个杂质。方法以2-氯-2-[2-(4-甲氧基苯基)亚肼基]乙酸乙酯和5,6-二氢-3-(4-吗啉基)-1-[4-(2-氧代-1-哌啶基)苯基]-2(1H)-吡啶酮为起始原料,经过环合和水解反应得到目标化合物1,化合物1分别经过水解和取代反应得到目标化合物2和3。结果合成了目标化合物,并利用MS、~1H-NMR和~(13)C-NMR确证了结构:目标化合物1~3的质量分数分别为99.3%、99.1%、99.2%。结论 3个杂质的合成和纯化为阿哌沙班的杂质研究奠定了物质基础。     

2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑)-(Z)-2-羟亚胺基乙酸乙酯的合成

以乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料，经溴化、肟化、环合，制得２ （２ 氨基 ４ 噻唑） （Ｚ） ２ 羟亚胺基乙酸乙酯，各步反应中间体无需分离纯化，操作简单，总收率４５％．     

2-(2-苄氧羰基氨基噻唑-4-基)-5-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧羰基)-2-戊烯酸的合成

对头孢布烯的关键中间体2-(2-苄氧羰基氨基噻唑-4-基)-5-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧羰基)-2-戊烯酸(1)的合成工艺进行了研究。选用国内易得的(2-氨基噻唑-4-基)乙酸甲酯(2)作为起始原料,经过氨基保护、M ichae l加成-消除和选择性酯化三步反应制得目标化合物1,反应总收率63.0%。该工艺操作简单,生产成本低,适合工业化生产。     

Selective inhibition of 2 -adrenergic receptors by 1-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-3-isopropylamino-2-propanol

1-(2,4-Dimethylanilino)-3-isopropylamino-2-propanol (RB₂) was synthesized and evaluated for its selective β₂-receptor blocking property. RB₂ was found to antagonize selectively vasodepressor β₂-response.of isoprenaline without affecting the cardio accelerator β₂-response. As an antagonist of β₂-receptor, RB₂ was found to be equipotent to 1-(4′-nitrophenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol (INPEA), used as a standard β-receptor antagonist for comparison.     

Synthesis of 5-chloro-3-[4-(3-diethylaminopropoxy)benzoyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran as a β-amyloid aggregation Inhibitor

An efficient synthesis of 5-chloro-3-[4-(3-diethylaminopropoxy)benzoyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran (8), a potent beta-amyloid aggregation inhibitor, is described. 5-Chloro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran (3) was obtained by the one-pot synthesis of 4-chlorophenol with omega-(methylsulfinyl)-p-methoxyacetophenone (1) under Pummerer reaction conditions, and it was followed by the desulfurization of the resultant 5-chloro-3-methylthio-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran (2e). Acylation of benzofuran 3 with 4-(3-bromopropoxy)benzoyl chloride (6) gave the ketone 7, which was converted into compound 8 by the treatment of diethylamine.     

4-[2-(N-甲基,N-(2-吡啶基)氨基)-乙氧基]苯甲醛的合成方法改进

目的:改进罗格列酮的关键中间体4-[2-(N-甲基,N-(2-吡啶基)氨基)-乙氧基]苯甲醛的合成方法。方法:以2-[N-甲基,N-(2-吡啶基)氨基]乙醇为原料,分别与对氟苯甲醛发生威廉森成醚反应(以乙腈作溶剂,KOH作去酸剂)及与对羟基苯甲醛发生脱水缩合反应,合成目标化合物。结果:得到目标化合物,其结构经1HNMR和MS验证。结论:两种改进的合成方法操作简便,适于工业化生产。     

2-(4-氯-3-甲基苯基)-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5(2H,4H)-二酮的合成

对硝基邻甲苯胺经重氮化、氯代、还原、闭环、水解、脱羧6步反应得到2-（4-氯-3-甲基苯基）-1,2,4-三嗪-3,5（2H,4H）-二酮,总收率约40%。     

Two new aromatic compounds from the resin of Styrax tonkinensis (Pier.) Craib

Two new aromatic compounds, trans-(tetrahydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxofuran-3-yl)methyl benzoate (1), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxopropyl benzoate (2) and one new natural product, 4-((E)-3-ethoxyprop-1-enyl)-2-methoxyphenol (3) together with five known aromatic compounds have been isolated from the resin of Styrax tonkinensis (Pier.) Craib. Their structures were determined by physical and spectroscopic methods.     

Two new phenol derivatives from Stereum hirsutum FP-91666

Two new phenol derivatives, 2-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-4-methoxyethyl-phenol (1) and 5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)cyclohex-4-en-1-one (2), together with eight known compounds consisting of phenol derivatives (3 and 4), niacinamide (5), and five ergosta type compounds (6–10), were isolated from solid fermentation products of Stereum hirsutum FP-91666. Two new structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR and 2D NMR, and HR-EI-MS experiments.     

1-(5-硝基吲哚-2-羰基)-4-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪的制备

地拉韦定(delavirdine)是由美国Pharmacia&Upjohn公司研制的非核苷HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs),临床与其它抗HIV药联合使用,用于治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征[1].1-(5-硝基吲哚-2-羰基)-4-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪(1)是其重要中间体.文献[2-4]以5-硝基吲哚-2-羧酸(2)和1-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪(3)为原料,在1-(3-二甲胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDC)作用下缩合制得.EDC价昂,后处理用氯仿作提取溶剂,且需通过柱色谱纯化,不适于规模化生产.     

新型5-HT2A选择性配体N-取代哌啶-4-苯硫醚和砜类衍生物的合成及其生物活性

目的为寻找新型的5-HT_2A受体选择性配体,设计合成了一系列二芳烷基哌啶类化合物的含硫衍生物。方法以2,3-二甲氧基硫酚为原料,经烃化、氧化和水解等反应合成3个N-取代哌啶-4-苯硫醚和砜类化合物,所有目标化合物结构均经元素分析、¹HNMR谱、质谱和红外光谱确证,并测定其对5-HT_2A,5-HT_2C,5-HT₆和5-HT₇受体及其他一些中枢神经递质受体的体外亲和力。结果3个目标化合物(2a-2c)及5个中间体均为新化合物。体外受体竞争结合试验结果表明2a-2c均有较高的5-HT_2A受体选择性。结论此类化合物对5-HT_2A受体的选择性较高,值得进一步研究。     

The reaction of (E)-2,4-pentadienoic acid with aqueous bromine re-evaluation of the product

The reaction of (E)-2,4-pentadienoic acid with aqueous bromine was reinvestigated to affirm the formation of (E)-5-bromo-4-hydroxy-2-pentenoic acid, whose structure was confirmed by the spectroscopic methods as well as the chemical modification.     

The production of skeletal muscle atrophy and mammary tumors in rats by feeding 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide

Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of a food additive, 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2) was examined by its oral administration to Wistar rats for 18 months. Male rats given 0.4% AF-2 diet developed ataxia of the hind foot around 4 months of feeding, and severe atrophy of skeletal muscles of the whole body was seen in 31 of 43 rats after 12 months. In female rats, mammary tumors developed in 78% of the animals given 0.4% AF-2 diet. Multiple papillomas were observed in the forestomach.     

2-（5-氨基-1，2，4-噻二唑-3-基）-2-（Z）-甲氧亚氨基乙酸S-苯并噻唑硫酯的合成

2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)-2-(Z)-甲氧亚氨基乙酰胺与2-巯基苯并噻唑为原料,哌啶为溶剂,在三乙胺催化下反应制得头孢菌素中间体2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)-2-(Z)-甲氧亚氨基乙酸S-苯并噻唑硫酯,收率约76%。     

布洛芬的醛肟转化制备法工艺改进

醛肟转化法用氢氧化钠加氯化钾代替氢氧化钾制备布洛芬,找到最佳条件,工艺简易。布洛芬粗晶折纯收率可达97.3%,成品质量也有所提高。     

1－（2，6－二甲基苯氧基）－2－（3，4－二甲氧基苯乙氨基）丙烷盐酸盐对兔血小板胞浆游离钙浓度的影响

１－（２，６－二甲基苯氧基）－２－（３，４－二甲氧基苯乙氨基）丙烷盐酸盐对兔血小板胞浆游离钙浓度的影响夏敬生，罗湘，曾繁典（同济医科大学临床药理研究室，武汉４３００３０）１－（２，６－二甲基苯氧基）－２－（３，４－二甲氧基苯乙氨基）丙烷盐酸盐［１－（...     

6-取代苯基-3(2H)哒嗪酮的合成、抗惊活性及其构效关系的研究

本文报道了14个6-取代苯基-4,5-二氢-3(2H)哒嗪酮和15个6-取代苯基-3(2H)哒嚎酮的合成及其抗电惊活性。其ED₅₀值表明,以2′,4′-二氯苯基-3(2H)哒嗪酮的抗惊作用为最强。构效分析表明,苯环上的取代基对化合物的抗惊活性有明显影响,吸电子取代基和疏水性参数值较大的取代基有利于提高化合物的抗惊活性。     

Nitric oxide scavenger carboxy-PTIO potentiates the inhibition of dopamine uptake by nitric oxide donors

2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO) has been increasingly used as nitric oxide (NO) scavenger. Carboxy-PTIO reacts with NO to form nitric dioxide and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl (carboxy-PTI). In rat C6 glioma cells expressing human dopamine transporter, carboxy-PTIO paradoxically potentiated the inhibition of [(3)H]dopamine uptake by two NO donors, diethylamine/NO and (Z)-1-[N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)-amino]/NO. Further examinations revealed that carboxy-PTI concentration-dependently reduced dopamine uptake, indicating that the formation of carboxy-PTI may account for the failure of carboxy-PTIO to abolish NO elicited effects. These results suggest that caution should be taken in interpreting data obtained using carboxy-PTIO and probably other NO scavengers.     

LC-MS/MS法研究1-[1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基]-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐在大鼠体内的代谢产物

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对大鼠灌胃1-［1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基］-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐(编号P91024)后粪便、尿液、胆汁和血浆中的主要代谢产物进行研究。通过比较给药样品和空白样品的全扫描总离子流色谱和选择离子扫描色谱图差别寻找I相代谢产物；根据其一级和二级质谱图，确定I相代谢产物的分子结构。完全提取I相代谢产物后的样品溶液，再用葡糖醛酸酶酶解，得II相结合物的苷元部分，采用与I相代谢产物鉴定同样方法寻找和鉴定II相代谢产物苷元的结构，进而确证II相代谢产物的分子结构。从大鼠粪便中鉴定出P91024的2个I相代谢物，从胆汁中鉴定出1个I相和5个II相代谢产物，从尿液中鉴定出1个I相和3个II相代谢产物，从血浆中鉴定出4个I相和1个II相代谢产物；并分别分析推测出它们的结构。P91024在大鼠体内被代谢转化为多种产物，利用LC-MS/MS可以快速寻找和鉴定。