胶质瘤组织中CD105与Ki-67表达的相关性

目的探讨胶质瘤组织中CD105与Ki-67表达的相关性。方法对58例胶质瘤和10例正常脑组织标本采用免疫组织化学方法检测CD105和Ki-67蛋白表达情况,并分析其相关性。结果①正常脑组织CD105蛋白表达阴性,而各级胶质瘤组织均有CD105蛋白阳性表达。高倍视野(×200倍)下Ⅰ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织CD105标染的微血管密度(CD105-MVD)分别为(6.33±2.97)个/视野、(10.69±2.88)个/视野、(19.13±5.14)个/视野和(25.13±5.51)个/视野,随病理分级提高逐渐增高(r=0.834,P<0.01),且不同级别胶质瘤间差异显著(P<0.01)。②Ⅰ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织Ki-67标记指数(Ki-67LI)分别为(4.20±1.30)%、(5.32±2.08)%、(9.88±3.24)%和(22.25±6.68)%,随病理分级升高逐渐增高(r=0.872,P<0.01),与正常脑组织比均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。除Ⅰ、Ⅱ级胶质瘤间无明显差异(P>0.05)外,其他各级别胶质瘤间均相差显著(P<0.01)。③CD105-MVD与Ki-67LI呈显著正相关(r=0.699,P<0.01)。结论胶质瘤组织中CD105-MVD与Ki-67LI有显著相关性,提示其可作为判断胶质瘤恶性程度的指标。     

胶质瘤中CD105与VEGF表达的相关性

目的探讨胶质瘤组织中CD105与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测58例胶质瘤和10例正常脑组织标本中CD105和VEGF蛋白表达情况,并分析其相关性。结果①正常脑组织CD105蛋白表达阴性,而各级胶质瘤组织均有CD105蛋白阳性表达。高倍视野(×200倍)下Ⅰ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织CD105标染的微血管密度(CD105-MVD)分别为(6.33±2.97)个/视野、(10.69±2.88)个/视野、(19.13±5.14)个/视野和(25.13±5.51)个/视野,且与病理分级呈正相关(r=0.834,P<0.01),不同级别各组间均差异显著(P<0.01)。②VEGF在正常脑组织中表达阴性,而在Ⅰ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织阳性细胞率分别为(15.00±3.39)%、(20.26±9.64)%、(36.19±10.75)%和(55.94±11.69)%,且与病理分级呈正相关(r=0.836,P<0.01)。除Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级胶质瘤间无明显差异外,其余各组间均有明显著差异(P<0.01)。③CD105-MVD与VEGF阳性细胞率呈显著正相关(r=0.671,P<0.01)。结论胶质瘤组织中CD105-MVD与VEGF阳性细胞率有显著相关性,可作为判断胶质瘤恶性程度的指标之一。     

CD105在胶质瘤组织中的表达及其意义

目的探讨CD105在胶质瘤组织中的表达及其意义。方法对58例胶质瘤和10例正常脑组织标本采用免疫组织化学方法检测CD105蛋白表达情况,同时与干细胞相关抗原(CD34)表达情况作对比分析。结果①正常脑组织CD105蛋白表达阴性,而各级胶质瘤组织均有CD105蛋白阳性表达。高倍视野(×200)下Ⅰ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织CD105标染的微血管密度(CD105-MVD)分别为(6.33±2.97)个/视野、(10.69±2.88)个/视野、(19.13±5.14)个/视野和(25.13±5.51)个/视野,随病理分级提高逐渐增高(r=0.834,P<0.01),且不同级别各组间均差异显著(P<0.01)。②胶质瘤及正常脑组织均有CD34蛋白阳性表达。高倍视野(×200)下Ⅰ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织CD34标染的MVD(CD34-MVD)分别为(10.60±4.72)个/视野、(16.65±4.40)个/视野、(28.53±7.72)个/视野和(38.95±7.98)个/视野,随病理分级升高逐渐增高(r=0.571,P<0.05),除Ⅰ级胶质瘤与正常脑组织[(9.80±3.52)个/视野]及Ⅱ级胶质瘤间CD34-MVD无明显差异(P>0.05)外,其他不同级别胶质瘤各组间差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。③CD105-MVD较CD34-MVD与胶质瘤病理分级具有更紧密的联系(u>1.96,P<0.05)。结论CD105优于CD34,可作为胶质瘤特异性血管内皮细胞标记物并用于测定肿瘤血管生成。     

人脑胶质瘤中CD15、Ki-67的表达及其临床意义

目的研究细胞粘附分子CD15及Ki-67抗原在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组化S-P法检测例正常脑组织和858例人脑胶质瘤组织中CD15和Ki-67的表达。结果CD15和Ki-67在正常脑组织中均不表达,而在各级别的人脑胶质瘤中均有表达差异极显著,(P<0.01)。CD15和Ki-67的表达在高级别胶质瘤中均显著高于低级别胶质瘤(P<0.01),且CD15和Ki-67的表达呈显著正相关(P<0.05,r=0.462)。结论Ki-67可以作为评估胶质瘤细胞增殖的良好指标,CD15和Ki-67的表达可为判断胶质瘤的恶性程度和临床病理分级提供有意义的依据。     

Stathmin在脑胶质瘤血管内皮细胞中的表达及意义

目的 观察Stathmin及CD105在脑胶质瘤血管内皮细胞中的表达,探讨其在脑胶质瘤血管形成中的作用. 方法 用SP免疫组化法检测10例正常脑组织和78例脑胶质瘤血管内皮细胞中Stathmin和CD105蛋白表达,并通过检测肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)分析肿瘤血管形成.结果 正常脑组织血管内皮细胞中Stathmin和CD105均无表达,脑胶质瘤血管内皮细胞中二者均呈高表达;随着胶质瘤病理级别的增高,Stathmin和CD105表达上调,MVD值增高,Stathmin-MVD和CD105-MVD与脑胶质瘤病理分级均成正相关(r=0.912,P<0.05;P<0.936,P<0.05);且Stathmin-MVD和CD105-MVD之间也存在正相关(r=0.996,P<0.05). 结论 Stathmin与CD105在脑胶质瘤血管内皮细胞中均呈高表达,在肿瘤微血管形成过程起重要作用.     

人脑胶质瘤中PCNA、Ki-67和Mitosin/CENP-F的表达研究

目的 检测PCNA、Ki-67和Mitosin/CENP-F在人脑胶质瘤的表达,探讨它们与胶质瘤恶性生物学行为的关系.方法 应用免疫组化S-P法检测70例不同病理分级、不同组织学分型人脑胶质瘤和24例非肿瘤脑组织中PCNA、Ki-67和Mitosin/CENP-F的表达.结果 (1)70例脑胶质瘤标本中,PCNA、Ki-67和Mitosin/CENP-F的增殖标记指数(LI)分别为(44.02±29.37)%、(17.01±17.68)%和(36.80±27023)%;对照组24例非肿瘤脑组织中Ki-67不表达,PCNA LI和Mitosin/CENP-F LI为(12.11±19.81)%和(9.06+8.27)%,两组比较具有显著差异(P<0.01).(2)PCNA、Ki-67和Mitosin/CENP-F的表达与胶质瘤患者的年龄、性别无关,与病理分级和组织学分型相关(P<0.05).结论 人脑胶质瘤中PCNA、Ki-67和Mitosin/CENP-F的LI与胶质瘤的病理分级和病理分型密切相关,均可作为判断胶质瘤恶性程度的重要指标.     

动态对比增强磁共振在脑胶质瘤病理级别中的诊断价值

目的探讨动态对比增强磁共振(DCE-MRI)在界定脑胶质瘤病理级别中的诊断价值。方法回顾分析南阳市第二人民医院2014-11—2016-09经临床或者病理证实为脑胶质瘤患者39例,男25例,女14例,年龄14~70(46±12)岁。病理分级Ⅱ级19例,Ⅲ级11例,Ⅳ级9例。采用免疫组化的方法对每例手术样本进行CD105-微血管密度(CD105-MVD)检测。采用Mann-Whitney U-test对不同级别胶质瘤的Ktrans、Ve和CD105-MVD进行差别验证。采用Pearman相关性分析Ktrans和Ve与CD105-MVD的相关性。结果 Ktrans、Ve和CD105-MVD在低级神经胶质瘤(LGG)和高级神经胶质瘤(HGG)之间有显著的统计学差异(P=0.001、P0.001、P0.001)。病理分级Ⅱ级的Ktrans、Ve和CD105-MVD明显低于Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级。在高级别胶质瘤中Ktrans与CD105-MVD,Ve与CD105-MVD均呈正相关(P0.001、P0.001)。结论 DCE-MRI在无创评估部分神经胶质瘤的MVD中具有一定的作用,值得普及。     

人脑胶质瘤金属硫蛋白表达及其意义

目的 为研究金属硫蛋白(MT)在人脑各级胶质瘤中表达及生物学意义。方法 利用免疫组化方法检测46例胶质瘤手术标本中金属硫蛋白及Ki-67的表达水平,比较MT的表达与胶质瘤级别、患者预后的关系及其与Ki-67相关性。结果 随着胶质瘤级别的增高,MT和Ki-67的表达率逐渐升高。MT在脑胶质瘤中的表达率分别为Ⅰ级33.3％,Ⅱ级42.9％,Ⅲ级66.7％,Ⅳ级81.8％,低恶性度组(Ⅰ～Ⅱ)与高恶性度组(Ⅲ～Ⅳ)胶质瘤中MT的表达有显著性差异(P<0.05)。胶质瘤中的MT LI与Ki-67 LI呈正相关性(r=0.832.)。结论 MT在胶质瘤的生长中扮演重要角色,其在胶质瘤中的不同表达对判断胶质瘤的病理分级、患者预后及显示胶质瘤的恶性演进具有一定的意义。     

血管内皮生长因子和Ki-67在人脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及相关性

目的 研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和Ki-67抗原在人脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及二者的相关性.方法 应用免疫组化S-P法检测30例正常脑组织和60例人脑星形细胞瘤(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级28例,Ⅲ级20例,Ⅳ级12例)中VEGF和Ki-67的表达.结果 VEGF和Ki-67在正常脑组织中均不表达,而在各级别的人脑星形细胞瘤中均有表达,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).VEGF和Ki-67的表达在高级别星形细胞瘤中均明显高于低级别星形细胞瘤,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且VEGF与Ki-67的表达呈正相关(r=0.310,P<0.05).结论 VEGF和Ki-67的表达可为人脑星形细胞瘤的恶性程度和临床病理分级提供重要的依据.     

胶质瘤VEGF、VEGF-C和VEGFR-3表达对间质血管生成及肿瘤细胞增殖的影响

目的 探讨胶质瘤血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)和血管内皮生长因子受体-3(VEGFR-3)表达变化,以及对肿瘤细胞增殖和间质血管生成的影响.方法 收集2000-2009年手术切除WHO Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级胶质瘤标本各20例,采用组织微阵列技术及免疫组织化学染色(SPAB法)观察不同级别胶质瘤组织中VEGF、VEGF-C、VEGFR-3和Ki-67抗原的表达及CD31阳性血管密度.结果 60例胶质瘤组织中肿瘤细胞及间质血管内皮细胞VEGF、VEGF-C和VEGFR-3阳性表达率分别为88.33%(53/60)和100%(60/60)、100%(60/60)和16.67%(10/60)、100%(60/60)和21.67%(13/60),不同级别组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级及Ⅳ级组的VEGF阳性肿瘤细胞密度分别为(17.65±9.00)、(37.30±18.54)和(83.40±22.98)个/0.05 mm2;VEGF-C阳性肿瘤细胞密度为(38.00±17.82)、(79.30±5.23)和(102.00±13.07)个/0.05 mm2;VEGFR-3阳性血管密度(3.65±2.01)、(10.50±3.98)和(14.60±7.29)血管数/4 HF;Ki-67抗原阳性肿瘤细胞密度(9.30±3.48)、(31.15±9.44)和(60.15±13.60)个/0.05 mm2;CD31阳性血管密度(6.75±2.24)、(10.35±2.98)和(14.30±3.51)血管数/4 HF,各组之间以上5种指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),且彼此间均呈显著性正相关关系(r=0.663～0.910,P＜0.01).结论 胶质瘤细胞普遍过表达VEGF和VEGF-C,而胶质瘤间质血管内皮细胞则普遍过表达VEGFR-3,三者表达水平均随着肿瘤级别的升高而相应增加;由此形成的旁分泌环通过诱导间质血管生成促进肿瘤细胞增殖,在胶质瘤的发生、发展过程中起着重要作用.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.