Impact of symptomatic recurrence on oncological outcomes in patients with primary high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of symptomatic recurrence on oncological outcomes in patients with primary high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 428 patients with primary high-risk NMIBC who underwent TURBT from November 1993 to April 2019. Of the 428 patients, 140 had experienced recurrence at any site and were divided into 2 groups: patients who had experienced recurrence detected by the surveillance (asymptomatic group) and patients who had experienced recurrence detected by a symptom-driven investigation (symptomatic group). Background-adjusted multivariable analyses with the inverse probability of treatment weighting method were performed to evaluate the impact of symptomatic recurrence on cancer-specific survival and overall survival after first recurrence in patients who had experienced recurrence. Moreover, multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictive factors of symptomatic recurrence in the entire cohort.ResultsMedian age and follow-up periods were 72 (interquartile range [IQR] 64–79) years and 55 (IQR 29–96) months, respectively. Of the 140 patients who experienced recurrence, 106 (76%) were diagnosed by the surveillance (asymptomatic group) and 34 (24%) were diagnosed by a symptom-driven investigation (symptomatic group). In the background-adjusted multivariable analyses with the inverse probability of treatment weighting model, symptomatic recurrence was significantly associated with shorter cancer-specific survival along with shorter overall survival after first recurrence. In the multivariable analysis, only tumor grade was selected as a significant predictive factor of symptomatic recurrence after TURBT.ConclusionsSymptomatic recurrence was significantly associated with poor oncological outcomes in patients with primary high-risk NMIBC. Patients with grade 3 tumors may require more intensive surveillance after TURBT.     

Systemic dissemination of tumor cells during transurethral resection in patients with bladder tumor and its clinical relevance: A follow up study

ObjectiveTumor cells are shed during transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and form the basis for use of single dose immediate chemotherapy instillation to reduce recurrences. Systemic dissemination of these cells along with the irrigation fluid is also possible but not consistently proven. In this study, we evaluated such dissemination of tumor cells into the circulation during TURBT and its clinical impact.MethodsPatients with primary presentation of bladder tumor who underwent TURBT were included. Peripheral venous blood samples before and after TURBT were analyzed for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using flow-cytometry. A CD45 negative cell with positive expression of cytokeratin 18, 19, and EpCam was defined as CTC. The CTC counts, pre and post TURBT, were compared and correlated with final histopathology. The patients were also followed up for any local and/or systemic recurrences.ResultsNine (16.98%) out of 53 patients developed a measurable rise in CTCs after TURBT. All of these patients had high grade and muscle invasive disease. Overall, a measurable rise in CTCs was seen in 9 out of 17 (52.94%) patients with muscle invasive disease. There was no difference in the clinico-pathological stage or the status of cystectomy and/or chemotherapy between those who did or did not show a rise in CTCs. On follow up, 7 patients with muscle invasive disease developed local and/or systemic recurrences and the rise in CTCs was not found to be associated with adverse oncological outcomes.ConclusionsThis study confirms the hypothesis of inadvertent dissemination of tumor cells into the circulation during TURBT, especially in patients with high grade and muscle invasive disease. The long-term oncological impact of such dissemination remains to be confirmed.     

Presence of detrusor muscle in bladder tumor specimens—predictors and effect on outcome as a measure of resection quality

ObjectivesTo identify predictors of the absence of detrusor muscle in bladder tumor specimens and analyze its effect on clinical outcome as an indicator of resection quality.MethodsThe bladder cancer database of a tertiary medical center was queried for patients who underwent complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) between 2008 and 2009. Study end points were absence of detrusor muscle in the surgical specimen and its association with disease recurrence/progression.ResultsDetrusor muscle in the surgical specimen was found in 265 of the 332 study patients (79%). The likelihood of finding muscle increased with higher clinical stage (Odds Ratio [OR]-1.8), higher tumor grade (OR-3), larger tumor size (OR-3.2), multifocal disease (OR-1.7), and nonpapillary morphology (OR-2.3). History of bladder cancer, surgeon's experience, and tumor location in the bladder had no effect. In the whole study population, neither tumor recurrence nor disease progression was associated with absence of detrusor muscle. In patients with T1 tumors, absence of detrusor muscle in the specimen was associated with higher early recurrence rate but not worse long-term outcome.ConclusionsAbsence of detrusor muscle in TURBT specimens is not determined by the technical difficulty of the procedure or surgical experience. Surgeons are more prone to obtain deep muscle in large, nonpapillary-appearing tumors, likely reflecting efforts to attain accurate staging in these cases. The presence or absence of detrusor muscle may serve as a surrogate of resection quality in patients with T1 tumors, but its general applicability to the overall population of patients undergoing TURBT remains questionable.     

Segunda resección en pacientes con tumores vesicales ta-t1

ObjetivesTo study the incidence of “residual/recurrence” tumor after a second bladder resection (2nd TUR)Methods40 patients with new or recurrent superficial bladder tumor underwent repeat transurethral resection within 3 months after the initial resection. 37 patients were staged as Ta-T1. We study the incidence of tumor after the 2nd TUR both macroscopicaly detected or included in the bladder scar. We also study the influence of possible factors as the time between both resections, stage, grade, number of tumor size, localization in the bladder, primary or recurrent tumor and tumor patternResultsAfter the 2nd TUR we found tumor in 14 of 37 (37,8%) Ta-T1 bladder tumors. Among the 14 tumors, 10 (71,5%) were macroscopicaly visible tumors and 4 cases the tumor were found after resection of the bladder scar of the first resection. We did not find relation between the presence of tumor in the 2nd TUR and any of the variablesConclusionsAfter a TUR of superficial bladder tumor the complete removal of tumor is not always achieved. The early 3 months cystoscopy may not find residual tumor. Although we have found tumor in 37,8% in the 2ªTUR we can not recommend routine 2nd TUR in superficial bladder cancer     

A large amount of distilled water ineffective for prevention of bladder cancer cell implantation at the time of transurethral resection

A previous study indicated that distilled water could prevent bladder tumor cell implantation in an in vitro assay. We investigated whether a large amount of distilled water irrigation prevented recurrence of superficial bladder cancer in the clinical setting and then we estimated whether cancer cell implantation at the time of transurethral resection is a major mechanism of recurrence. Between May 2000 and January 2002, 22 patients with primary, superficial bladder carcinoma who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent bladder washout with 1,000 ml distilled water immediately after TURBT, and then intravesical irrigation with 3,000 ml water for three hours. Control patients were randomly chosen from those who previously underwent TURBT in our hospital and had similar prognostic factors. The 1- and 2-year recurrence-free rates in the patients undergoing distilled water irrigation were both 45% and those in the control patients were 65% and 45%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups. This result indicates that distilled water was ineffective in preventing recurrence of superficial bladder tumor.     

Is a restaging TURBT necessary in high-risk NMIBC if the initial TURBT was performed with blue light?

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether a restaging transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is necessary in high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) if the initial TURBT was performed using blue light (BL) technology.Methods and materialsUsing the multi-institutional Cysview registry between 2014 and 2021, all consecutive adult patients with known NMIBC (Ta and T1 disease) who underwent TURBT followed by a restaging TURBT within 8 weeks were reviewed. Patients were stratified according to their initial TURBT, BL vs. white light (WL), and compared to determine rates of residual disease and upstaging. Univariate analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests, with P < 0.05 considered significant.ResultsOverall, 115 patients had TURBT for NMIBC followed by a restaging TURBT within 8 weeks and were included in the analysis. Patients who underwent BL compared to WL for their initial TURBT had higher rates of benign pathology on restaging TURBT, although this was not statistically significant (47% vs. 30%; P = 0.08). Of patients with residual tumors on restaging TURBT, there were no differences in rates of Ta (22% vs. 26.5%; P = 0.62), T1 (22% vs. 26.5%; P = 0.62), or CIS (5.5% vs. 13%; P = 0.49) when the initial TURBT was done using BL compared to WL. Rates of upstaging to muscle invasive disease were also not different when initial TURBT was performed using BL compared to WL (3% vs. 4%; P = 0.78).ConclusionsTURBT using BL does not reduce rates of residual disease or risk of upstaging on restaging TURBT in Ta or T1 disease. Thus, a restaging TURBT is still necessary even if initial TURBT was performed using BL.     

Impact of substratification on predicting oncological outcomes in patients with primary high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor

ObjectivesTo validate the substratification of high-risk in the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines and to develop the simplified substratification to improve usefulness and predictive accuracy on oncological outcomes in patients with primary high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).Materials and methodsWe retrospectively evaluated 428 patients with primary high-risk NMIBC who underwent TURBT from November 1993 to April 2019. First, the efficacy of the EAU highest-risk on intravesical recurrence-free survival (RFS) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC)-free survival was evaluated with univariate analyses. Second, we developed our simplified substratification based on multivariate analysis for intravesical RFS (lower- and higher-risk). We compared predictive accuracy on oncological outcomes using the receiver operating characteristic curve between the EAU and the simplified substratifications.ResultsMedian age and median follow-up periods were 72 years and 51 months, respectively. The EAU highest-risk was not associated with shorter intravesical RFS and MIBC-free survival (P = 0.054 and P = 0.350, respectively). In multivariate analysis, tumor size, grade 3, and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with shorter intravesical RFS, and we developed the simplified substratification including those 3 factors. Of 428 patients, 89 (21%) were substratified into the simplified higher-risk. The predictive accuracy of the simplified substratification on intravesical recurrence, MIBC and metastasis progression, and cancer-specific mortality was significantly superior to the EAU substratification.ConclusionOur simplified substratification might contribute to improving predictive accuracy on intravesical recurrence, MIBC and metastasis progression, and cancer-specific mortality in patients with primary high-risk NMIBC who underwent TURBT.     

Diagnostic performance and predictive capacity of early urine cytology after transurethral resection of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: A prospective study

ObjectivesTo prospectively evaluate the value of early urine cytology (EUC) after the primary transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for the prediction of positive biopsy findings on repeat TURBT.MethodsAfter approval of institutional review board, patients who underwent TURBT for NMIBC between February 2014 and July 2018 were included in the study. Patients with concomitant Carcinoma in Situ (CIS), upper tract urothelial tumors, biopsy proven muscle invasion, or low-risk NMIBC (single, primary, Ta, and G1 tumor) were excluded. Forty-eight hours after primary TURBT, EUC was retrieved and patients were scheduled for repeat TURBT 2 to 6 weeks later according to the predetermined protocol. The primary outcome was to determine the role of positive EUC to predict positive biopsy findings on repeat TURBT.ResultsDuring the study period, 198 patients fulfilled the study inclusion criteria of which 49 (25%) had recurrent NMIBC. Primary TURBT pathology results showed T1 stage in 195 (98.5%) patients and high-grade malignancy in 158 (79.8%). Intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC were defined in 49 (25%) and 149 (75%) patients, respectively. EUC was positive in 114 patients; of whom 78 (68.4%) showed positive biopsy findings on repeat TURBT (P = 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values of EUC for biopsy findings at repeat TURBT were 90% (95%CI: 87–94), 75% (95%CI: 71–79), 89% (95%CI: 85–94), and 68% (95%CI: 62–74), respectively. On mean (±SD) follow-up of 42(±13) months, tumor recurrence was encountered in 101 (53%) patients. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, EUC was significantly associated with tumor recurrence (HR = 4.6, 95%CI: 2.37–8.9, P < 0.001).ConclusionsPositive EUC after primary TURBT for NMIBC is significantly associated with positive repeat TURBT for malignancy. EUC is an independent predictor of tumor recurrence. EUC might be implemented after primary TURBT to help refining indications of repeat biopsy and planning of further intervention.     

La probabilidad de detección de tumor residual en la segunda resección transuretral del cáncer de vejiga urotelial PT1 según los factores de riesgo

ObjectiveTo analyze the predictive factors for residual tumors in the second resection after the initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) in patients with pT1 tumors and to develop a simple method to predict the probability of residual tumor detection.Material and methodsPatients with pT1 bladder cancer who underwent a second resection within 2 to 6 weeks after the initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor were included in our retrospective study. The patients’ demographics and the tumor characteristics of the initial and second resections were recorded.ResultsA total of 144 patients were included in our analysis with a 53-month follow-up. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, tumor grade, concomitant carcinoma in situ, macroscopic appearance of the tumor (solid vs papillary), and presence of a variant histology, were significant risk factors for residual tumor. In the multivariate analysis, tumor grade was the only independent predictor of residual tumor at second transurethral resection (OR: 5.62, 95% CI: 1.228–25.708, p = 0.026). According to our findings, the patients with the highest risk have a 90.9% residual tumor detection probability at the second resection, and the patients with the lowest risk have 25.4%ConclusionsTumor grade, macroscopic appearance of the tumor (solid vs papillary), and concomitant carcinoma in situ, were important predictors of residual tumors at second resection of primary pT1 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients. We were able to calculate the probability of residual tumor which helped us determine risk adapted strategies according to these probabilities.     

Simultaneous Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Hazardous or A Safe Timesaver?

PurposeWe evaluated the effect of simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (TURP) on recurrences at the bladder neck and prostatic urethra.Material and MethodsDuring the 10-year study period 51 patients fulfilled the entry criteria of past simultaneous TURBT and TURP, histologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and benign prostatic hyperplasia, a preserved bladder and a minimal followup of 12 months. Their records were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 28 with single (group 1) and 23 with multiple (group 2) bladder tumors.ResultsDuring the 12 to 120 months of followup (mean 37.3) the average tumor recurrence rate was 68.6%, that is 53.6% in group 1 and 86.9% in group 2. Recurrences appeared within an average of 14.9 months, that is within 18 (range 4 to 36) in group 1 and 13.5 (range 3 to 36) in group 2. Tumor recurrence was at the bladder neck and/or prostatic urethra in 11 of the 51 cases (21.5%). Average time to recurrence at the prostatic fossa was 23.8 months, that is 27 (range 13 to 46) in group 1 and 21.6 (range 4 to 60) in group 2. Only 1 patient had a single recurrence in the prostatic fossa, while the others also had synchronous and metachronous recurrences at other bladder sites. Tumor progression to invasiveness was diagnosed in 3 of the 51 patients (5.9%).ConclusionsOur data indicate that simultaneous TURBT and TURP do not negatively affect tumor recurrence at the bladder neck and prostatic urethra.     

T1G3期膀胱肿瘤经尿道二次电切的临床疗效分析

目的探讨二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（TURBT）治疗T1G3期膀胱肿瘤患者的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2011年12月在我院初次行TURBT治疗病理诊断为T1G3期膀胱肿瘤、并规律进行丝裂霉素膀胱灌注的49例患者资料。其中行二次TURBT治疗的患者19例（观察组）,未行二次电切的患者30例（对照组）。观察两组间肿瘤复发率差异、残余肿瘤存在与否,以及肿瘤病理分期、分级的变化。结果二次电切后发现5例（26．3％）有残余肿瘤,3例（15．9％）有肿瘤分期的升高,其中1例改行根治性膀胱切除术。随访8～18个月（平均15个月）,观察组有3例（15．9％）肿瘤复发,对照组13例（43．3％）肿瘤复发。结论二次TURBT可切除残存肿瘤,更准确了解肿瘤分期情况,是确定患者是否应行根治性膀胱切除的重要依据,并可明显降低肿瘤的复发与进展。     

大面积（直径≥3 cm）膀胱肿瘤患者TURBT术后膀胱复发的危险因素分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨大面积（直径≥3 cm）膀胱肿瘤患者经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（transurethral resection of the bladder tumors，TURBT）后复发的危险因素。方法 回顾性统计2008年1月到2014年9月在本科就诊的107例大面积膀胱癌患者,其中男性75例，女性32例，平均年龄67.8岁（22～90岁），行TURBT及膀胱灌注化疗，定期门诊复诊随访。根据随访期间是否复发将上述患者分为复发组和未复发组，比较两组患者在年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟史、肿瘤数量（单发或多发）、肿瘤形态（是否有蒂）、肿瘤分期和分级及是否维持膀胱灌注化疗等指标的差异，并利用单因素和多因素logistic回归统计学方法，探索大面积膀胱肿瘤TURBT术后膀胱复发的独立危险因素。结果 所有患者均成功随访。其中75例出现膀胱癌复发，32例未复发。两组患者在年龄、性别组成、BMI、吸烟史、肿瘤分期和分级及是否膀胱灌注上的差异无统计学意义。而复发组中多发、宽基底肿瘤的患者数量比例显著高于未复发组（50.7%和25.0%, 93.3% 和25.0%，P<0.05）,多因素logistic回顾分析结果显示：肿瘤多发（95%CI：1.32～9.39,P=0.012）、宽基底（95%CI：1.50～19.84，P=0.010）是大面积膀胱肿瘤TURBT术后膀胱复发的独立危险因素。结论 与单发和有蒂肿瘤相比，多发、宽基底的大面积膀胱肿瘤TURBT术后膀胱复发的风险更高。因此，对于临床上具备上述特征的患者，有必要采取更加积极的治疗策略。     

Management of superficial recurrences in an irradiated bladder after combined-modality organ-preserving therapy: Weiss C,Wittlinger M,Engehausen DG,Krause FS,Ott OJ,Dunst J,Sauer R,Rödel C,Department of Radiation Therapy,University of Erlangen,Erlangen, Germany.

PURPOSE: Standard treatment for superficial bladder cancer is transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by intravesical therapy. Little is known about the biologic behavior and treatment response of superficial disease within an irradiated bladder. We specifically analyzed patients who developed superficial recurrence after TURBT and radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1982 and 2006, a total of 531 consecutive patients with invasive bladder cancer were treated by using various bladder-sparing protocols at our institution. Of these, 389 (76%) achieved a complete response after TURBT and radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy. During follow-up, 68 of 389 patients (17%) developed a superficial local relapse (相似文献   

Does grossly complete transurethral resection improve response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy?

IntroductionThere is controversy regarding the benefit of a grossly complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in patients prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Advocates for this approach suggest a higher response rate to NAC, while others suggest this can increase the surgical risk for no clear benefit.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our institutional radical cystectomy (RC) database from 2011 to 2018 for patients who received an adequate course of cisplatin-based NAC for nonmetastatic MIBC. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with complete response [ypT0] or no residual muscle invasive bladder cancer [ypT < 2] following NAC based on clinicopathologic characteristics and grossly complete or incomplete TURBT.ResultsA total of 167 patients received NAC followed by RC for MIBC during the study period and 100 patients were included in the analysis due to known status of the completeness of TURBT—of these 49 patients underwent complete resection while 51 patients underwent incomplete resection prior to NAC. There were no significant differences in baseline clinicopathologic characteristics between patients who had complete vs. incomplete TURBT. At the time of RC, the overall ypT0 rate was 24% (n = 24), while the overall rate of ypT < 2 was 45%. On logistic regression, there was no association between completeness of TURBT and ypT0 or ypT < 2. Age, histology, and organ-confined disease were not significantly associated with response to NAC. Only smoking status (current or prior history) was negatively associated with ypT0 on univariable and multivariable analysis (odds ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval: [0.14–0.91], P = 0.031).ConclusionWe found no association between response to cisplatin-based NAC and completeness of TURBT in a cohort of MIBC patients. The study is limited by its retrospective nature and lack of ability to predict response to NAC based on TURBT tissue evaluation.     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术后补救性动脉介入化疗治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效分析

目的：探讨补救性髂内动脉化疗存经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术（transurethralresectionofbladdertumor,TURBT）后证实为肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者中的治疗价值。方法：对34例TURBT患者术后基底部活检及病理结果证实为肌层浸润性的膀胱肿瘤患者行补救性髂内动脉化疗3次。方案为顺铂80mg、表柔吡星50mg、5-氟尿嘧啶1g（或羟基喜树碱30mg）。观察患者肿瘤复发率,Kaplan—Meier法计算总体生存率,肿瘤特异性生存率,无肿瘤复发生存率,并绘制生存曲线。结果：术后经3次补救性髂内动脉化疗及常规膀胱灌注后,29例患者得到保留膀胱（保留膀胱率85．3％）,肿瘤复发13例（肿瘤复发率38．2％）。其中,浅表性复发7例,行TURBT治疗;浸润性复发5例,行全膀胱切除术;骨转移l例,行全身化疗。总体生存率：3年69．78％,5年62．03％。肿瘤特异性生存率：3年77．43％,5年68．83％。无肿瘤复发生存率：1年93．10％,2年70．23％．3年46．82％。结论：补救性动脉介入化疗是TuRBT术后基底部活检及病理结果证实为肌层浸润性的膀胱肿瘤的良好选择。     

Evaluation of tissue and urinary survivin expression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

IntroductionApproximately 70% of bladder cancers are non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC), and respond well to endoscopic transurethral resection. However, 70% of these patients experience tumor recurrence. As the tendency for local recurrence and/or progression extends over the lifetime, patients with superficial bladder cancer must undergo life-long surveillance. Combination of cystoscopy and urine cytology is considered the “gold standard” for this surveillance. However, they suffer from drawbacks where cystoscopy is an invasive procedure and urine cytology shows limited ability to detect low grade bladder tumors. Therefore, new non-invasive tests with high sensitivity and specificity that are easy to perform are needed not only for initial diagnosis but also in surveillance for recurrent tumors.ObjectiveTo investigate the magnitude investigate the magnitude of survivin expression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and its possible value as a non invasive diagnostic tool.Patients and methodsFrom March 2010 to October 2010, 68 patients with known history of NMIBC who were scheduled for follow-up cystoscopy in the department of Urology, Alexandria University were included in this study prospectively. All patients underwent cystoscopy under general anaesthesia, and those who were found to have a definite or suspicious lesion(s) in the bladder underwent complete TURBT. Survivin expression was determined in urine and in bladder cancer tissue both by Western blotting and by ELISA.ResultsThe study included 68 patients. Tumor recurrence was detected in 38 patients, of whom, 24 had low grade recurrence. The urinary concentration of survivin was significantly higher in the recurrence group by both detection methods (U = 141, P = 0.018 and χ² = 10.46, P = 0.001 for ELISA and WB respectively). Survivin by ELISA showed higher sensitivity and specificity (84.4% and 100%) than that by WB (55.3% and 93.3%). In tumor tissue, by both methods, survivin was detected in higher levels than in urine but there was no significant correlation between urinary and tissue levels neither in the whole recurrence group nor in the low grade subgroup.ConclusionUrinary survivin is a useful marker for non-invasive detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer recurrence. Its detection is better using ELISA technique than WB and there is no correlation between its expression in tissue and urine.     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术前载药栓塞微球经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌

目的观察经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除(TURBT)术前以载药栓塞微球(DEB)行经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的效果。方法将40例肌层浸润性膀胱癌(T2～3期)患者分为观察组和对照组,每组20例。对观察组于DEB-TACE后行TURBT,对照组仅行TURBT;对比2组TURBT术中出血量及术后导尿管置留时间。术后随访24个月,记录术后6个月、24个月患者无复发生存率及总生存率,统计无复发生存时间。结果 2组均顺利完成手术,术中及术后未见严重不良反应。观察组TURBT术中出血量及术后导尿管置留时间均少于对照组(P均0.05);其术后6个月、24个月无复发生存率及总生存率均高于对照组(P均0.05);观察组中位无复发生存时间21.5个月,对照组12.5个月(P=0.058)。结论术前行DEB-TACE可减少TURBT术中出血量,抑制肌层浸润型膀胱癌复发,延长患者生存期。     

临床评估同时切除前列腺和膀胱肿瘤对膀胱肿瘤复发的影响(附47例报告)

目的：评估同时切除前列腺和膀胱肿瘤对膀胱肿瘤在膀胱颈部和（或）前列腺窝处复发的影响。方法：回顾性研究47例同时行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术和经尿道前列腺切除术的患者,分为膀胱肿瘤单发组26例和多发组21例,记录随访时间、肿瘤的复发时间、复发位置、复发数量以及肿瘤的进展,综合评价同时切除前列腺搜膀胱肿瘤和膀胱肿瘤复发的关系。结果：所有患者随访1～4年,平均随访2、9年;膀胱肿瘤的平均复发率为68.1%,单发组复发率为53.8％,多发组复发率为85.7％,两组复发率差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）;肿瘤平均复发时间15.1个月,单发组复发时间17.5个月,多发组复发时间12.4个月;在膀胱颈和（或）前列腺窝肿瘤复发10例（21.3%）：在前列腺窝膀胱肿瘤平均复发时间为21.3个月,在单发组为26.O个月,而在多发组为20.6个月。3例患者（6.3％）最后发展为浸润性膀胱癌而行膀胱全切术。结论：同时切除前列腺和膀胱肿瘤是一种比较安全的手术策略,对膀胱肿瘤在膀胱颈和前列腺窝处的复发没有影响。     

COMBINED INTRAARTERIAL CISPLATIN INFUSION AND RADIATION THERAPY FOR INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER

Combined intraarterial cisplatin infusion and radiation therapy were performed as the initial treatment for 23 patients (mean age: 70 years) with invasive bladder cancers (T2 in 17, T3 in 6) who were suitable for total cystectomy. Of these patients, five who had multiple invasive cancers without laterality had their intrapelvic hemodynamics altered by embolizing a contralateral internal iliac artery. Cisplatin (50 mg) was infused into the internal iliac artery through a subcutaneous reservoir twice a week over three weeks while concurrent radiation therapy with 30 Gy, delivered in 15 fractions, was performed. Additional cisplatin infusions were given in six patients. After this combined therapy, total cystectomy and ileal conduit was performed in six patients and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in 17. Two of the patients who underwent total cystectomy were found to exhibit a complete response. Therefore, the overall response rate was 87%, including 13 complete responses and seven partial responses. The complete response rates in patients with clinical stage T2 and T3 disease were 53 and 67%, respectively. The complete response rate was slightly higher in patients with a non-papillary cancer than in those with a papillary one. Toxic reactions included a decrease in bladder capacity in two patients and severe diarrhea due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colitis in one. Other forms of toxicity, including nausea, vomiting, neurotoxicity in the gluteal region, nephrotoxicity and myelosuppression, were tolerable. All but one of the patients are alive. This patient died of distant metastasis and seven other patients had a local recurrence of bladder cancer. One patient who developed invasive bladder cancer reaching the prostatic urethra underwent total cystectomy and ileal conduit. One who had a recurrence at the same site as the previous tumor underwent partial cystectomy. Five patients who had superficial bladder cancer were easily controlled by TURBT. Finally, bladder function was preserved in 65% of all patients in this study at a mean follow-up time of 29 months. We conclude that combined intraarterial cisplatin infusion and radiation therapy is useful for the initial treatment of invasive bladder cancer because this combined therapy provides a favorable quality of life with the preservation of bladder function. Further detailed follow-up is necessary to determine whether this therapy also has a prophylactic effect on the recurrence of bladder cancer.