森田疗法与睡眠脑电

森田疗法是由森田正马(1920)创立的日本独特的精神疗法,已被证实对焦虑症治疗有效。下面介绍森田疗法与睡眠脑电的进展。1多导睡眠图多导睡眠图(Polysomnogram,PSG)又称睡眠脑电。现行正规PSG监测除脑电图外,应包括心电图、肌电图、眼动图、胸式和腹式呼吸张力图、鼻及口通气量     

失眠症睡眠脑电的研究进展

本文综述了近年来有关失眠症患者睡眠脑电图研究的新进展。     

失眠症睡眠脑电的研究进展

本综述了近年来有关失眠症患睡眠脑电图研究的新进展。     

三唑仑对失眠症患者睡眠脑电的影响

目的应用多导睡眠图(PSG)探讨三唑仑对失眠症患者睡眠脑电活动的影响.方法对28例失眠症患者连续进行4夜PSG描记,其中第3、4晚上睡前予0.5mg三唑仑,观察用药后PSG的变化.正常对照组33名,作2夜适应和基础PSG监测.结果失眠症患者服用三唑仑后夜间PSG显示睡眠效率提高[基线睡眠值(86±9)%,第3晚服药后(91±8)%,第4晚服药后(92±4)%,F值6.143,P＜0.01],觉醒时间减少[同前,(39±17)min,(29±8)min,(23±7)min,F值13.211,P＜0.01],S1减少[同前,(31±18)%,(23±11)%,(16±6)%,F值9.707,P＜0.01],S2增加[同前,(45±17)%,(59±18)%,(60±6)%,F值10.104,P＜0.01],睡眠潜伏期缩短[同前,(35±18)min,(28±17)min,(21±11)min,t值4.947,P＜0.05].结论短半衰期催眠药三唑仑不仅能改善患者对睡眠的主观评价,还对夜间睡眠脑电有影响.     

Quisi:睡眠脑电的一种新技术

简便、快速、易学、带给病人更多的方便,是现代脑电生理技术的重要概念.传统多导睡眠图(PSG)繁琐,比较费时费钱,最近德国PMR研究所从普及方面考虑,研究出了一种新的睡眠脑电检测分析技术-Quisi(源于希腊语"好睡眠",已获全欧洲许可证-CE标记,有专利).Quisi是近年来对睡眠分析技术方面的一大进步,并在很短的时间里应用于欧洲一些国家及德国本土.     

森田疗法中体温节律和脑诱发电位的研究

森田疗法 (192 0年 )是由森田正马创立的日本独特的精神疗法 ,已被证实对神经症 ,特别是对森田神经质治疗有效。有关森田疗法体温节律等神经生理学方面的研究则较少 ,从精神生理学角度 (psychophysiological)研究森田疗法的第一人是远藤[3] ,研究题目是“神经质性失眠的精神生理学研究”。远藤认为由于神经症患者一遇困境就紧张 ,并把注意力转向自己 ,所以夸大入睡时间和过低估计自己的睡眠时间引发焦虑。不过远藤的研究中限于观察患者一个晚上的表现 ,并没深究森田疗法绝对卧床期 (absolutebedrestcondition)的表现。1　森田疗法体温节律方…     

森田疗法

森田疗法是由日本的森田正马于1920年左右创始的,以后在以高良、野村、铃木为首的森田学派继承人的努力下,使这一疗法得到推广、普及,并在临床上取得好的治疗效果。目前正活跃在日本精神病学界,并为欧美精神疗法专家所注目与采用。森田疗法究竟是一种什么样疗法?本文试简略地加以介绍。     

睡眠剥夺与脑内的基因表达

睡眠十分重要，并且有着非常精细的自稳调节，研究发现觉醒时间的延长总是伴随着睡眠时间和（或）强度补偿性地增加。睡眠的自稳调节现象表明一旦剥夺睡眠，脑的生理、生化或分子学过程便会发生显著变化，揭示这些变化可以为我们了解睡眠功能提供重要线索。     

Shoma Morita, founder of Morita therapy, and haiku poet Shiki: origin of Morita therapy.

A hypothesis that Shiki's struggle for life probably influenced the creation of Morita therapy is presented. Although Morita had no personal acquaintance with Shiki, they did have three common friends in Terada, Wakao and Katori. Considering this, as well as the renown of Shiki's works, Morita likely knew much of Shiki and may have been deeply impressed by his approach to life. Several essential concepts of Morita therapy such as absolute bed-rest, anguish and deliverance, "Arugamama," "Jijitsu Yuishin," desire to live, and the importance of keeping a diary can be found in Shiki's lifestyle and in his literary theory.     

Morita therapy over history]

At Sansei Hospital in Kyoto we performed Morita Therapy not only for Japanese clients but also foreign clients from several countries, like Germany, Switzerland, U.S.A., China, Korea, India and Indonesia. We could treat those foreign clients using Morita Therapy with good success although they came from various cultural backgrounds. One of the characteristic Approaches of Morita Therapy was that it avoided the conceptualization of self-consciousness and self image as a subjective fiction established by abstract and logical thinking. Secondary Morita Therapy moves clients to deal with activities in real life. These 2 approaches help clients not to be involved in symptom development or fixation mechanisms and break through self-centeredness. At the first stage of Morita Therapy, namely in the bed rest period clients can experience his psychic state as if he were a just born baby. The founder of Gestalt Therapy, Frederick S. Perls experienced by himself Morita Therapy. During bed rest therapy he behaved as if he were a baby. This behavior came out not from conscious abstract and logical thinking but from spontaneous "pre-conscious" state of mind. Morita called this "Jun-na-kokoro" (Pure mind). Morita knew that neurotic symptoms come out from those abstract and logical thinking which could lead to fixation of symptoms so that therapy principle might be the de-centralization of self and the pure mind experience which is found in our daily life and also in daily life of foreign people from various cultural backgrounds.     

Morita therapy in cultural context]

East is characterized by concepts of transcendence of ego structure, equality of mind to body and psychic structure of emptiness or nothingness. West is on the other hand characterized by concepts of ego strength, superiority of mind to body and psychic structure of fullness. Namely in the East ego is not strengthened but dispersed into relationships of a person with other persons, animated and in-animated others. There is no differentiation between mind and body. Also there is a traditional way of reaching a psychic state of emptiness or nothingness which is found in Zen-Buddhism. However in the West nothingness or emptiness has only negative meaning. West has also linear way of thinking that one lives by developing oneself towards God as progress whereas East has circular way of thinking like Nietzches word, "Eternal repeat of the sameness". Such traditional concepts of Eastern culture are reflected on our Japanese language. For example we would like to omit subject and object and propose to go to drink something, tea or coffee. We would like to keep the ambiguity in our expression so that we could avoid harming the others who actually wanted to go with us. Morita Therapy is based on the Eastern culture and has such cultural backgrounds. Indicated are the patients who have a tendency to be hypochondriacal and called "shinkeishitu". These patients have namely strong fear of death and also at the same time strong wish to live a full life. However the fear of death predominate and suppress the desire to live a full life which produces several neurotic symptoms like simple phobia, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, etc. For such patients we do absolute bed rest in order to let the patients discern the natural process of their inner self through paradoxical setting of lying down for 7 days that is usually unnatural. Patients are prescribed to lie down in bed except eating, face-washing and keeping hygiene. The bed rest induces at first boredom which would bring about paradoxically desire to live a full life. Also in the following work therapy period patients would not fixate their attention inwards, namely to their symptoms but learn to pay attention towards outwards even though they have still symptoms. In the body action we could acknowledge changes of our inner perception that is also possessed by other persons, other animated creatures and in-animated creatures as a form of "Inter-perceptivity". We do not only perceive the atmosphere established between us and others but also between us and outer nature. Patients learn that anxiety is not to be eliminated but to be accepted as it is. So we just accept and do "nothing" to eliminate anxiety. We address that Morita Therapy is not only indicated for "shinkeishitu" personality but also for other anxiety based disorders, such as cancer patients, traumatized patients, etc.     

The effectiveness of in-patient Morita therapy

This study reports a followup survey of all 1287 Morita therapy patients treated over a 12 year period at Suzuki Clinic in Tokyo. Seventy one percent of all questionnaires sent out were completed and returned. Self evaluations by former patients indicated that slightly more than four fifths were improved to the degree that a relatively normal life was possible (regardless of presence or absence of symptoms.) Improvement appeared to continue after discharge (i.e., it appeared to take time to incorporate the Moritist teachings into daily habit patterns) and to occur more rapidly for hypochondriasis and anxiety neurosis than for obsessive neurosis.An earlier version of this report was presented at the VIth World Congress of Psychiatry in Honolulu, 1977. We are grateful to Mr. Haruo Kataoka and Mr. Osamu Karasawa for statistical consultation and to Dr. David Reynolds for editoral advice.     

Morita therapy: 1919 to 1995

Abstract Morita therapy was founded in 1919 by Shoma Morita (1874–1938) and is a systematic psychotherapy based on Eastern psychology. Since its founding 75 years ago, the treatment theory, treatment environment, treatment population and its cultural environment have been examined and modified in some areas. In this review, we first examine Morita theory and discuss the changes that have ocurred in subsequent theories and methodologies. Our discussion presents the founding of Morita therapy and the characteristics of Morita theory; the practice of Morita therapy; Morita therapy from the perspectives of transcultural psychiatry and comparative psychotherapy; subsequent developments and modifications of Morita therapy; and the biological studies of Morita therapy. We attempt to clarify the universality and uniqueness of Morita therapy and provide a new framework for understanding Morita therapy.     

森田疗法的事件相关电位研究

森田疗法是由森田正马(1920)创立的日本独特的精神疗法,已被证实对焦虑症治疗有效.森田疗法治疗步骤:入院的第一周患者主要熟悉病房和接受必要的检查为主,此后依次经过绝对卧床期、轻作业期、重作业期、生活训练期直至出院.住院时间约需1～2月,治疗期间每天写日记.下面介绍事件相关电位的研究.