90例青年人脑出血病因和危险因素分析

目的探讨青年人脑出血的病因和危险因素。方法选择90例15～44岁的脑出血患者，分析其发病原因、出血部位和危险因素。结果病因为高血压病32例，动静脉畸形13例，白血病5例，海绵状血管瘤4例，动脉瘤3例，Moyamoya病3例，脑静脉血栓形成3例，脑肿瘤3例，其他3例，原因不明21例；出血部位分别是基底节出血32例，脑叶出血24例，其他部位出血34例；最常见的危险因素是高血压病（35．6％）和高甘油三酯血症（33．8％）。结论高血压病和脑血管畸形是青年人脑出血的常见病因，出血部位有助于病因诊断；高血压病、高脂血症是常见危险因素。     

青年脑出血的病因、出血部位和危险因素分析

目的探讨青年脑出血的病因、出血部位和危险因素。方法对111例15-40岁急性脑出血患者的病史、家族史、神经影像学、发病时心电图、血压、血糖等项进行调查分析。结果青年脑出血以31-40岁居多,平均发病年龄30.3岁。发病原因:高血压病35例、脑血管畸形29例、Moyamoya病8例、肾性高血压4例、妊娠高血压3例、原因不明32例。结论高血压病、脑血管畸形是青年脑出血的主要原因,高血压、吸烟、饮酒等是促发青年脑出血的常见危险因素。有高血压或脑卒中家族史者应加强自我保健。     

青年人脑出血25例临床分析

目的：探讨青年人脑出血的病因和临床特点。方法：回顾性分析２５例青年人脑出血患者的临床资料。结果：青年人脑出血病因较多,高血压病是常见原因,占６８％,高血压所致脑出血部位多在内囊附近。结论：高血压病是引起青年人脑出血的重要危险因素,不能排除高血压病同时与脑血管畸形或动脉瘤存在的可能性。     

青年人脑出血25例临床分析

目的：探讨青年人脑出血的病因和临床特点。方法：回顾性分析25例青年人脑出血患者的临床资料,结果;青年人脑出血病因较多,高血压病是常见原因。占68％,高血压所致脑出血部位多在内囊附近,结论：高血压病是引起青年人脑出血的重要危险因素,不能排除高血压病同时与脑血管畸形动脉瘤存在的可能性。     

青年脑出血患者的危险因素分析

目的 探讨青年脑出血患的危险因素。方法 对163例青年脑出血患(≤45岁)的病史(高血压、血管畸形、糖尿病、心脏病、血脂异常及家族史)以及嗜好(吸烟、饮酒)进行回顾性分析。结果 高血压为青年脑出血的主要危险因素，占56．4％，血管畸形次之，占46．O％，而糖尿病和心脏病并非青年脑出血的主要危险因素。吸烟饮酒史在青年脑出血中比例高达66．9％。结论 高血压是青年脑出血的主要危险因素，脑血管畸形居第二位，低胆固醇血症、吸烟、饮酒及家族史与脑出血的发病有一定关系。     

青年脑出血的病因及危险因素分析

目的探讨青年脑出血的危险因素及病因。方法回顾分析我院2008-01—2014-01收治的青年脑出血患者的临床资料。结果青年脑出血共779例,男性多于女性。病因从高到底依次为高血压、不明原因、血管畸形、妊娠/产褥期、瘤卒中、血液系统疾病、烟雾病和系统性红斑狼疮。危险因素为高血压、血脂异常、饮酒、心脑血管病家族史、吸烟、糖尿病和既往卒中史。18~31年龄组与32~45年龄组比,脑血管畸形发病比例明显增高(P0.05)。32~45年龄组与18~31年龄组比较,高血压脑出血比例明显增高(P0.05)。结论年龄增长脑出血比例增加,男性多于女性;高血压是主要病因,其次是脑血管畸形;高血压史、吸烟饮酒、血脂异常可能与青年脑出血有关。     

青年人卒中102例临床分析

目的:分析青年人卒中的临床特点、病因、病灶及其规律。方法:回顾性分析12年间15～40岁发病在3小时～7天以内的102例急性脑血管病患者,男性58例(56.86％),女性44例(43.14％),分梗死和出血两组进行诸项脑血管病危险因素及发病时血脂、血糖、血粘度、心电图、头CT及MR等项调查。结果:青年人卒中以31～40岁居多(86.27％),平均发病年龄34.5岁,病灶部位以脑叶梗死(44％)、基底节出血(42.3％)多见。病因:梗死组和出血组均以高血压、动脉硬化为最多(41.1％),红细胞压积增高,甘油三脂并胆固醇增高,全血粘度增高梗死组比出血组明显;血糖增高,心电图异常、出血组比梗死组异常率高。梗死组其它病因尚有风心病、围产期心肌病和脑囊虫病所致的脑梗死。出血组则有肾性高血压、内分泌性高血压和脑血管畸形所致脑出血。两组均有相当数量的原因不明性,青年人卒中约占38.2％。结论:高血压、动脉硬化仍然是青年人缺血性和出血性卒中的主要原因,高血压、高脂血症、吸烟、饮酒等脑血管病危险因素是促发青年人动脉硬化的主要原因。脑囊虫病、围产期心肌病,内分泌性高血压等导致卒中不可忽视。     

中青年脑梗死与脑出血临床对比分析

目的 探讨中青年脑梗死与脑出血的病因、危险因素、临床特点的异同,为中青年脑血管疾病的防治提供理论依据.方法 回顾性分析中青年脑梗死130例与108例青年脑出血患者临床资料.结果 (1)中青年脑梗死以动脉粥样硬化、高血压、血管炎为主要病因,分别占36.9%、21.5%、20.8%;中青年脑出血以高血压、脑血管畸形、动脉粥样硬化为主要病因,分别占32.4%、24.1%、16.7%.(2)2组病人的病变部位均以基底节区和脑叶最常见,其次为脑干、丘脑.结论 中青年脑梗死与脑出血的病因差异显著;中青年脑梗死与脑出血危险因素相同;中青年脑梗死临床治疗和预后较脑出血好.     

青年脑出血137例临床分析

目的探讨青年人脑出血的病因,危险因素及预后.方法对137例青年脑出血患者(≤45岁)的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果有明确病因者106例(77.37%),病因不明者31例(22.63%),其中先天性脑血管畸形51例(37.23%),高血压41例(29.93%),先天性脑动脉瘤5例(3.65%),脑静脉血栓形成4例(2.92%),脑胶质瘤并出血2例(1.46%),线粒体脑肌病2例(1.46%),抗凝治疗1例(0.73%).主要危险因素有:饮酒、吸烟、家族史.经治疗基本痊愈103例(75.18%),显著进步21例(15.33%),死亡13例(9.49%).结论青年人脑出血的病因以脑动静脉畸形和高血压最常见,大多数患者预后良好.     

不同部位脑出血的危险因素临床研究

目的探究不用部位脑出血的危险因素。方法选择2012-01—2014-12在我院接受治疗的脑出血患者175例为观察组。依据CT检查结果分为基底节出血58例(A组)、丘脑出血62例(B组)和其他脑叶出血55例(C组)。再随机选择同期在我院接受体检的健康志愿者70例为对照组。对比2组基本资料,并分别进行Logistics回归分析得到相应的危险因素。结果通过Logistic回归性分析,发现不同部位脑出血危险因素为:基底节脑出血的危险因素是年龄、饮酒、吸烟、高血压、SBP、DBP、TC以及HDL;丘脑部位的危险因素是饮酒、吸烟、高血压、SBP、DBP以及HDL;脑叶部位的危险因素是饮酒、吸烟、SBP、DBP以及TC。结论不同部位脑出血危险因素有所不同,主要是吸烟、饮酒及血压偏高。临床上需根据危险因素进行相应的预防,减少脑出血给患者带来的伤害。     

Intracerebral hemorrhage in young people: analysis of risk factors, location, causes, and prognosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The frequency of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) in people aged 31 years (odds ratio, 3.48), and those with ICH that resulted from arteriovenous malformations were aged <20 years (odds ratio, 2.80). The final outcome was considered favorable in 60%. CONCLUSIONS: ICHs in young people are mainly lobar in location and result from vascular malformation. Hypertension causes most cases in which the ICH is located in the basal ganglia. Mortality and morbidity in the acute phase are low and are related to hypertension as the cause of ICH.     

Stroke in young adults in Japan]

The details of stroke in young adults remain unknown in Japan. We performed a multicenter survey to establish a stroke data bank for young adults in Japan. We collected clinical data of 7,245 acute stroke patients admitted to 18 hospitals in Japan. In patients admitted within the first 7 days of stroke, patients aged = < 50, = < 45, and = < 40 accounted for 8.9%, 4.2%, and 2.2%, respectively. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and non-valvular atrial fibrillation were significantly more frequent in the non-young than in the young, but smoking habits and patent foramen ovale were more frequent in the young than in the non-young. Brain infarction was the most predominant stroke subtype in the non-young, but not so in the young (62.6% vs. 36.7%, p < 0.01). Brain hemorrhage (20.8% vs. 32.1%, p < 0.01) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (7.3% vs. 26.1%, p < 0.01) were more frequent in the young. Causes of brain infarction and hemorrhage were often atypical in the young (2.8% vs. 25.1%, p < 0.001 and 4.6% vs. 20.2%, p < 0.0001, respectively). Causes of stroke in the young was often atypical, such as cerebral arterial dissection, Moyamoya disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, arteriovenous malformation, et al. Because causes and underlying risk factors of stroke in young adults were quite different from those in older patients, we need to establish the data bank and to explore optimal measures of the diagnosis and management for young stroke patients.     

青年自发性脑出血的病因及诊治

目的 探讨青年人自发性脑出血的病因及诊断治疗特点。方法分析42例自发性脑出血青年患者(年龄在45岁以下)的临床资料，其均急诊行CT检查，根据病情采取不同的治疗方法，其中手术治疗24例，血管内介入治疗5例，保守治疗13例。结果病因中AVM最常见．其次高血压，部分病因未明。AVM引起的青年自发性脑出血有82．4％(14／17)位于脑叶，高血压性脑出血有66．7％(8／12)位于脑基底节，75％(9／12)的高血压性脑出血患者年龄在40-45岁之间。治愈27例，好转12例，死亡3例。结论青年自发性脑出血最常见的病因是。AVM，AVM所致的脑出血主要位于脑叶。高血压性脑出血主要位于脑基底节，其发病率与年龄有明显的相关性。只要诊断及时，治疗得当．青年自发性脑出血一般预后良好。     

43例青年脑血管病危险因素分析

目的了解青年脑血管病危险因素特征.方法选择43例年青脑血管病患者,并选年龄、性别相匹配的正常人作为对照,对两组人的血压、糖尿病、心脏病、高血脂、吸烟、饮酒、肥胖、脑血管畸形、颈动脉硬化等因素进行问卷调查和对照分析.结果高血压、心脏疾病、颈动脉硬化、糖尿病、吸烟、肥胖、高血脂、脑血管畸形和家族史是青年脑血管病的危险因素,只有脑血管畸形和家族史是年青脑血管患者相对特殊的危险因素.结论高血压、心脏疾病、颈动脉硬化、糖尿病、吸烟、肥胖、高血脂等是该组青年脑血管病患者的常见危险因素,应积极干预以预防脑血管病.     

青年和中老年患者脑出血危险因素及预后的相关性探讨

目的探讨青年和中老年患者脑出血的危险因素及预后。方法选取我院2013-06—2014-06自发性脑出血患者362例,根据年龄不同分为青年组(≤45岁)142例与中老年组(45岁)220例。探讨2组患者脑出血的危险因素。并于治疗结束后1a进行电话随访,随访内容主要包括死亡情况、有无残疾、有无复发脑出血及预后情况。结果高血压是发生脑出血的最主要原因及危险因素,中老年组脑出血患者高血压发生率明显高于青年组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。青年组患者脑出血危险因素主要是高血压与脑部动静脉畸形,中老年组患者脑出血危险因素主要是高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、高NIHSS评分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑出血好发部位为基底核区,其次是丘脑。中老年组预后情况较差,病死率、残疾率较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑出血复发率2组无明显差异(P0.05)。结论高血压是各个年龄阶段造成脑出血的独立危险因素。糖尿病、高血脂与高NIHSS评分是中老年组患者脑出血的危险因素。预后主要与年龄有关,年龄45岁是导致预后差的主要因素之一。     

Risk factors,etiology, and outcome of first‐ever ischemic stroke in young adults aged 15 to 45 – the Athens young stroke registry

Background and purpose: Data regarding stroke in young adults from Greece is scarce. We aimed to evaluate risk factors, etiology, and outcome in a hospital‐based prospective observational study. Methods: Data from a series of 253 first‐ever ischemic stroke patients aged 15–45 were collected over 10 years. Stroke etiology was classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. Comparisons were done between groups stratified by gender and age. The probability of death or composite vascular events during follow‐up was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. We used Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses to determine the effect of different factors on mortality and occurrence of composite cardiovascular events. Results: Although male patients predominate in our cohort (ratio 1.3:1), females outnumber males significantly at ages under 30. Smoking (59.3%) and dyslipidemia (41.1%) were the most frequent risk factors. Small vessel disease was identified as cause of stroke in 17.4%, whereas cardioembolism caused 13.4% of all strokes. No definite etiology was found in 33.6%, whereas other causes of stroke, including dissection (6.7%), were documented in 26.5%. The probability of 10‐year survival was 86.3% (95%CI: 79.1–93.6). The corresponding probability of composite vascular events was 30.4% (95%CI: 19.6–41.2). Stroke severity and heart failure were the main predictors of mortality. At the end of the follow‐up period, most patients (92.7% of survivors) were independent. Conclusion: There are gender‐ and age‐related differences regarding risk factors and causes of ischemic stroke in young patients. Survival and long‐term outcome is generally favorable.     

Cerebral ischemia in young adults

An overview is given over etiology and prognosis of cerebral ischemias until the age of 40. In a time period of 19 years, 168 patients were diagnosed with cerebral ischemia until the age of 40 (91 females, 77 males). The most frequent etiology is premature atherosclerosis in patients with vascular risk factors (up to 50%). Cardiogenic embolism is responsible for 1 to 34% of the cases: cardiac valve diseases and endocarditis being the most frequent sources. In 2 to 19% a vasculitis is diagnosed. While infectious arteritis is especially frequent in countries of the third world, immunovasculitides are common in Europe and the USA. Noninflammatory vasculopathies include spontaneous or traumatic dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia and vascular malformations. A migrainous stroke is especially frequent in female smokers with intake of oral contraceptives. During pregnancy both sinus thrombosis and arterial ischemia occur. Hematologic causes for ischemia are polycythemia, thrombocytosis and genetic diseases (sickle cell anemia, AT3-deficiency). Cerebral ischemia may occur in connection with the ingestion of ergot-derivates. The prognosis of cerebral ischemia in young adults is better than in older stroke-patients.     

Hypertension is a Leading Cause of Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young Adults

Objective: To evaluate the etiology and discharge outcome of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young adults admitted to a comprehensive stroke center. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients with a discharge diagnosis of nontraumatic ICH admitted from 7/1/2011 to 6/30/2016. Data was collected on demographics, clinical history, ICH score, hemorrhage location, do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, likely etiology, and discharge disposition. Categorical data was reported as percentage. Chi-squared test was performed to evaluate association of location of ICH, etiology of ICH, and ICH score with the discharge outcome. Results: Sixty-three patients met the study criteria, with mean age 35.4 ± 6.4 years including 26 (41%) women and 40 (64%) whites. Headache (65%) and change in mental status (48%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Hemorrhage was most commonly seen in the deep structures in 29 (46%) patients followed by lobar ICH in 14 (22%) patients. The most common etiology of ICH was hypertension in 23 (37%) patients, followed by vascular abnormalities in 18 (29%) patients. Forty-two (67%) had good outcome defined as discharge to home (n = 25) or acute inpatient rehabilitation (n = 17). Twenty-one (33%) patients had bad outcome with discharge to skilled nursing facility (n = 6), hospice (n = 1) or died in the hospital (n = 14). Hospital DNR orders were noted in 11 (18%) patients. Higher ICH score (P < .0001) and use of DNR orders (P < .0001) were associated with bad outcome. All 11 patients with DNR orders died in the hospital. Location or etiology of hemorrhage were not associated with discharge outcome. Conclusions: Hypertension, a modifiable risk factor, is a major cause of nontraumatic ICH in young adults. Aggressive management of hypertension is essential to halt the recent increased trends of ICH due to hypertension. Early DNR orders may need to be cautiously used in the hospital.     

Intracerebral hemorrhage in young from a tertiary neurology center in North India

ObjectiveThere is paucity of information on the etiology and predictors of outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young which may have regional and ethnic differences. In this study, we report the etiology and predictors of outcome of ICH in young patients from North India.Methods404 patients with ICH in young (16–50 years) were retrospectively reviewed who were admitted in neurology service of a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. The data were retrieved from the computerized hospital information service. The information about the demography, risk factors, clinical status, laboratory findings, CT/MRI features and angiography (CT, MRI or digital substraction) were noted. The etiology of ICH was ascertained based on clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. Outcome at 1 month was assessed using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 41.6 years and 23.8% were females. Hypertension (57.2%), hypocholesterolemia (33.7%), alcohol (15.8%) and anticoagulant (3.5%) were the important risk factors. The etiology of ICH was hypertension in 320 (79.2%), vascular malformation in 17 (4.2%), coagulopathy in 16 (4%), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in 9 (2.2%), thrombocytopenia in 3 (0.7%), vasculitis in 2 (0.5%) and cryptogenic in 37 (9.2%) patients. The patients with cryptogenic ICH were younger, had better Glasgow coma scale (GCS) on admission and good outcome compared those with known etiology. The most common location of ICH was basal ganglion and thalamus (71.3%). 102 (25%) patients died, 161 (39.9%) had poor and 141 (34.9%) had good outcome. Hypertensive ICH patients had frequent death or disability (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, low GCS score (P < 0.001), large ICH (P = 0.01) and high leukocyte count on admission (P = 0.03) were significantly related to the 1 month mortality.ConclusionHypertension is the commonest cause of ICH in young Indian adults and its outcome is related to volume of ICH, GCS score and admission leukocyte count.