Amniotic fluid levels of S100B protein in normal and trisomy-21 foetuses

Background: The human chromosome 21 has been shown to contain the gene for the β subunit of the S100B protein. The present case-control study was aimed at investigating whether overproduction of S100B protein is detectable in the amniotic fluid of foetuses with trisomy-21. Methods: Measurements of S100B in amniotic fluid samples from 14 pregnant women with trisomy-21 foetuses were compared with those obtained from 182 physiological pregnancies. S100B was measured in the samples using an immunoluminometric assay (LIA-mat Sangtec 100). Results: Our results showed that S100B protein amniotic fluid levels were significantly higher in trisomy-21 foetuses (0.83±0.21 μg/l) than in controls (0.51±0.22 μg/l) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present finding supports the notion that the expression of S100B is increased in trisomy-21 foetuses; it also constitutes a prerequisite basis for a possible involvement of the protein in pathogenic processes associated with trisomy-21, and/or for its potential employment as a diagnostic tool.     

尿S100B蛋白对早产儿缺血缺氧脑病早期诊断的临床价值

目的　探讨尿S10 0B蛋白对早产儿缺血缺氧脑病早期诊断的临床价值。方法　利用ELISA方法动态检测缺血缺氧脑病早产儿产后 72h4个不同时间点尿中S10 0B蛋白水平的变化 ,并与正常对照组比较 ,分析尿S10 0B蛋白的动态变化。结果　轻度、中度和重度 3组间比较尿S10 0B水平在第一次尿 (time 0 )没有显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,在其余 3个时间点比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,且尿S10 0B蛋白含量与脑损伤程度成正比 ,尿S10 0B蛋白水平越高 ,脑损伤越严重 ,预后越差。结论　S10 0B蛋白是一种神经胶质标志蛋白 ,检测早产儿产后 72h内尿S10 0B蛋白水平动态变化 ,可作为早产儿缺血缺氧脑病早期诊断既敏感又特异的指标 ,对判断脑损伤的严重程度以及预后评估有重要临床意义。     

Arterial cord blood lutein levels in preterm and term healthy newborns are sex and gestational age dependent

Objective

Lutein is an antioxidant carotenoid exerting a key role in eye health, but no reference curve in the perinatal period is available.

Design and methods

We conducted a prospective study on the distribution of lutein and its metabolite 3′-oxolutein in arterial cord blood of preterm (n = 40) and term (n = 76) newborns according to gestational age, sex and delivery modalities.

Results

Lutein and 3′-oxolutein concentrations peaked at the beginning of third trimester (P < 0.01, for both) being higher in the preterm than in term group. From 36 weeks onwards, lutein and 3′-oxolutein levels progressively decreased reaching the lowest levels at term between 41 and 42 weeks (P < 0.01, for both). Lutein and 3′-oxolutein significantly (P < 0.01, for all) correlated with each other (R = 0.33) and with gestational age at sampling (R = 0.31 and R = 0.38 for lutein and 3-oxolutein, respectively) (P < 0.001, for all). Indeed, lutein and 3′-oxolutein concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05, for all) in female than in male and significantly lower (P < 0.01, for both) in newborns delivered by caesarean section when compared to vaginal delivery.

Conclusions

Since macula densa and retina are sites of lutein accumulation, the present findings open-up a new cue on the potential role of lutein in the prevention of the retinopathy of prematurity.     

监测窒息新生儿血清BDNF、S100B及aEEG动态变化及对脑损伤预测价值

目的探讨监测窒息新生儿血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、S100B蛋白及振幅整合脑电图（aEEG）动态变化,分析其对脑损伤的预测价值。 方法选择2019年6月至2021年3月上海交通大学附属苏州九龙医院收治的103例窒息新生儿（窒息组）和39例健康足月新生儿（对照组）,其中窒息组新生儿又被分为轻度窒息组（1/5 min Apgar评分＜7分,脐动脉血气分析pH＜7.2,65例）和重度窒息组（1/5 min Apgar评分＜5分,脐动脉血气分析pH＜7.0,38例）。于受试儿出生后6 h、24 h、3 d检测血清BDNF、S100B水平,行aEEG检查分析脑电波背景活动,窒息新生儿出生后第7天行颅脑MRI检查。二元Logistic回归分析BDNF、S100B、脑电波背景活动与窒息新生儿脑损伤的关系。受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析BDNF、S100B、脑电波背景活动鉴别窒息新生儿脑损伤的价值。 结果轻度窒息组和重度窒息组患儿出生后6 h、24 h、3 d血清BDNF、S100B水平呈先增高后下降的趋势（P＜0.05）,重度窒息组出生后6 h、24 h、3 d血清BDNF、S100B水平高于轻度窒息组和对照组（P＜0.05）。出生后6 h、24 h、3 d脑电波背景活动与窒息程度呈正相关（r_s=0.776、0.895、0.735,P均＜0.05）。本组103例窒息新生儿发生脑损伤41例,出生后24 h的高BDNF、高S100B、脑电波背景活动重度异常与窒息新生儿脑损伤的发生有关（P＜0.05）。联合出生后24 h的BDNF、S100B、脑电波背景活动诊断窒息新生儿脑损伤的曲线下面积为0.911,高于单独诊断的0.696、0.697、0.707（P＜0.05）。 结论出生后24 h血清BDNF、S100B水平升高,aEEG脑电波背景活动严重异常与窒息新生儿脑损伤的发生有关,监测血清BDNF、S100B及aEEG有助于评估窒息新生儿脑损伤风险。     

S100 proteins as cancer biomarkers with focus on S100B in malignant melanoma

Although histochemical staining of the S100 protein family has been used for many years in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma, recent studies suggest one of the proteins comprising the S100 family, S100B, has particular utility in many aspects of the clinical management of malignant melanoma. This protein has been shown to be of use in staging malignant melanoma, in establishing prognosis, in evaluating treatment success and in predicting relapse. S100B is an independent prognostic factor and pretreatment circulating S100B concentrations predict duration of survival in melanoma patients. Survival is significantly longer in melanoma patients with normal S100B levels compared to those with elevated levels. Circulating S100B levels very sensitively detect metastatic growth of malignant melanoma, particularly in stage IV disease where S100B is certainly superior to other laboratory parameters. S100B concentrations reflect tumor mass. Serum S100B levels predict efficacy of treatment. Decreasing S100B concentrations reflect response to therapy while increasing S100B concentrations indicate tumor progression. Circulating S100B has a role to play in the decision to switch treatment regimens.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者肺动脉压与血清S100B蛋白和细胞因子及降钙素原的关系

目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）患者肺动脉压（PAP）与血清S100B蛋白和细胞因子及血浆降钙素原（PCT）的关系。方法采用前瞻性对照研究方法,选择2012年1月至2013年8月山西医科大学附属医院/长治市人民医院重症医学科和呼吸科收治的AECOPD患者80例、COPD稳定期（SCOPD）患者80例,选择100例健康体检者作为健康对照。常规检查血常规、血浆PCT水平;心脏彩色超声检测PAP;采用放射免疫分析法测定血清S100B蛋白;采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定白细胞介素（IL-18、IL-1β）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平;并对各指标进行线性相关性分析。结果各组受试者性别、年龄匹配,与健康对照组比较,SCOPD组与AECOPD组白细胞计数（WBC）、中性粒细胞比例（PMN）、PAP、PCT、S100B蛋白、IL-18、IL-1β和TNF-α均明显增加〔WBC（×109/L）：0.84±0.22、1.94±0.64比0.73±0.12, PMN：0.70±0.09、0.85±0.08比0.54±0.05,PAP（mmHg,1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa）：39±5、47±8比24±5,PCT （μg/L）：0.41±0.08、6.35±2.14比0.11±0.01,S100B（μg/L）：0.081±0.017、0.101±0.028比0.041±0.011,IL-18（ng/L）：162±19、181±27比112±19,IL-1β（ng/L）：55±12、75±14比34±10,TNF-α（ng/L）：67±17、89±18比35±17,均P＜0.05〕,且AECOPD组较SCOPD组增加更为显著（均P＜0.01）。血清S100B蛋白与PCT、IL-18、PMN及PAP均呈显著正相关（r值分别为0.36、0.41、0.39、0.35,均P＜0.05）;血浆PCT与PMN及PAP也呈显著正相关（r值分别为0.41、0.37,均P＜0.05）。结论血清S100B蛋白水平可能与血浆PCT、细胞因子及PAP变化有明显的相关性。     

血浆S100B蛋白在缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿的诊断评估

目的 探讨血浆S100B蛋白对缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)新生儿脑损伤的临床意义.方法 选择54例临床诊断为HIE的新生儿在出生12 h时抽血检测S100B、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)及脑型肌酸激酶同功酶(creatine kinaes BB isozyme,CK-BB),与47例非HIE的窒息新生儿和22例健康新生儿进行对照比较.评价敏感性和特异性,绘制ROC曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积.结果 出生12 h时HIE患儿血浆S100B、NSE和CK-BB阳性率显著高于窒息组和对照组(均P<0.01),S100B对HIE的敏感性为88.89%,特异性为82.61%,之和高于NSE及CK-BB.S100B的ROC曲线下面积最大(面积:0.950;95%可信区间0.918-0.983),临床诊断效能高于NSE及CK-BB.结论 HIE患儿出生12 h时血浆S100B、NSE和CK-BB均能预示HIE患儿的脑部损伤,S100B阳性率最高,三指标联合检测,有助于HIE的早期诊断和病情判断.     

脑梗死患者血浆S100B蛋白测定的临床价值

目的探讨血浆S100B蛋白对脑梗死的诊断价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对39例脑梗死患者于起病第1、3、7、15天血浆S100B蛋白水平进行了动态测定。结果脑梗死患者血浆S100B蛋白在起病第1、3天显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01),第3天患者S100B蛋白水平上升达峰值,峰值浓度与梗死灶大小及临床预后有显著相关性;第15天下降至与正常对照组相同水平。结论S100B蛋白是一种神经胶质标志蛋白,其水平测定对判断脑梗死患者病变的严重程度、评估预后有重要参考价值。     

Increased serum levels of S100B are related to the severity of cardiac dysfunction, renal insufficiency and major cardiac events in patients with chronic heart failure

Objective

To investigate the correlations between S100B and the severity of cardiac dysfunction, renal insufficiency (RI) and prognosis in chronic heart failure (CHF).

Method

Serum levels of S100B, TNF-α, high sensitivity CRP and NT-proBNP were determined in CHF patients with (n = 96) and without RI (n = 146). Patients with RI only (n = 62) and control subjects (n = 64) served for comparison. Patients were followed up for one year.

Results

S100B levels were higher in CHF patients with a further elevation in those with RI (P < 0.01). Serum S100B levels correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume and NT-proBNP in CHF patients, and eGFR in patients with RI (all P < 0.05). Increased S100B levels were associated with major cardiac events (MCE), and were independently associated with the presence of CHF (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased serum S100B levels were associated with the severity of cardiac dysfunction, RI and an adverse prognosis in CHF patients. It represents an independent risk factor for CHF.     

Serum S100B protein is associated with depressive symptoms in patients with end-stage renal disease

Objectives

Depression is associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Increasing evidence indicates that glial pathology and blood–brain-barrier (BBB) dysfunction are involved in the pathophysiology of depression. S100B, a protein expressed in astro- and oligodendroglia in the human brain is considered a biomarker of depression. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between S100B and depressive symptoms in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Design and methods

Seventy-eight Korean patients undergoing chronic HD without significant neurological issues participated in a cross-sectional observation study. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and serum S100B levels were measured using blood samples obtained prior to a mid-week HD session.

Results

The mean age of patients was 59.0 years, and the mean dialysis duration was 51.7 months. About 45% of patients undergoing HD met criteria for depression (BDI-II ≥ 20). Serum S100B levels were significantly higher in patients with depression compared with patients without depression (115.1 ± 45.4 vs. 66.1 ± 35.3 pg/mL, p < 0.001). S100B (r = 0.556, p < 0.001) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; r = 0.422, p < 0.001) and β2-microglobulin (r = 0.391, p < 0.001) levels were positively correlated with BDI-II scores. A multivariate regression analysis showed that both S100B and hs-CRP were significantly associated with BDI-II scores.

Conclusions

The results showed a close association between S100B and depressive symptoms in patients undergoing HD. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are currently unknown and warrant further investigation.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清CKBB、NSE及S100蛋白分析

目的探讨不同程度的新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）患儿血清脑型同工酶（CK—BB）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）以及S100蛋白的变化及临床意义。方法动态观察76例HIE惠儿（根据病情分为轻度、中度和重度3组）治疗5天、10天后血清CK—BB、NSE以及S100蛋白水平,同时选择34例正常健康婴儿作为对照组。结果HIE中度和重度患儿血清CK—BB、NSE以及S100蛋白水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。不同程度纽之间存在显著差异。治疗后,病情越严重其浓度下降越慢。各组之间有差异。结论血清CK—BB、NSE以及S100蛋白可作为新生儿HIE早期诊断、评价脑损伤程度和恢复的敏感指标。     

Influence of anticoagulants on the measurement of S100B protein in blood

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate anticoagulants influence on blood S100B levels. DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood from 18 healthy adult subjects were collected using: no anticoagulants; EDTA; heparin; and citrate. S100B levels were determined using LIA-mat assay. RESULTS: Heparin and citrate increased S100B levels (p<0.001), whereas EDTA had no effect (p=0.24). Heparin samples were highly (r2=0.97, p<0.001), citrate samples were moderately (r2=0.49, p<0.001), and EDTA samples were not (r2=0.22, p=0.059) correlated with serum samples. CONCLUSION: When anticoagulant is required, heparin should be the primary choice.     

Influence of anticoagulants on the measurement of S100B protein in blood

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate anticoagulants influence on plasma S100B levels. DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood were collected from 18 healthy adult subjects using: no anticoagulants, EDTA, heparin, and citrate. S100B levels were determined using LIA-mat assay. RESULTS: Heparin plasma and citrate increased plasma S100B levels (p < 0.001), whereas EDTA had no effect (p = 0.24). Heparin plasma samples were highly (r2 = 0.97, p < 0.001), citrate samples were moderately (r2 = 0.49, p < 0.001), and EDTA samples were not (r2 = 0.22, p = 0.059) correlated with serum samples. CONCLUSIONS: When anticoagulant is required, heparin plasma should be the primary choice for measurement of S100 B levels.     

S100B蛋白、NSE与HIE患儿病情严重程度及神经行为功能相关性分析

目的探讨血清S100B蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的相关性。方法选取68例HIE患儿,根据病情分为重度HIE组(20例)、中度HIE组(25例)和轻度HIE组(23例)。以25名健康新生儿作为正常对照组。检测所有对象血清S100B蛋白、NSE水平,并进行新生儿神经行为(NBNA)评分,计算NBNA评分异常率。动态观察HIE患儿出生后24 h、48 h、72 h、7 d的血清NSE及S100B蛋白的变化。结果正常对照组、轻度HIE组、中度HIE组、重度HIE组S100B蛋白、NSE水平及NBNA评分异常率依次升高,NBNA评分依次降低,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。血清S100蛋白、NSE水平与NBNA评分呈负相关(r值分别为-0.243、-0.542,P<0.001),与HIE严重程度呈正相关(r值分别为0.398、0.476,P<0.001)。随着出生时间的延长,重度HIE组、中度HIE组、轻度HIE组血清S100B蛋白和NSE水平均逐渐降低(P<0.001)。轻度HIE组、中度HIE组、重度HIE组同一时间点血清S100B蛋白和NSE水平均依次升高(P<0.001)。结论血清S100B蛋白、NSE水平与HIE病情严重程度、患儿神经行为有关,或可用于HIE的早期诊断和预后评估。     

侧脑室注射S100A4蛋白对局灶性脑梗死大鼠神经功能及脑内S100B表达的影响

目的：观察经侧脑室注射S100A4蛋白对脑梗死大鼠神经功能以及脑内S100B蛋白表达的影响。方法：36只健康成年SD大鼠线栓法成功复制大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞模型（MCA0）,随机分为A、B组各18只,术后第1天A组侧脑室行人工脑脊液注射;B组行S100A4蛋白注射。在MACO术后第1、7及14d时各组各取6只行神经行为学评分,免疫组织化学法检测脑内S100B蛋白的表达情况。结果：B组大鼠在术后第7,14天时神经行为学评分与术后第1天比较有明显下降（1．96±0．49、1．75±0．40与2．94±0．72,P〈0．05）,并低于相同时间点A组大鼠。S100B阳性细胞数在术后第7天2组脑内达到峰值,以后开始减少,2组间比较,B组少于A组（P〈0．05）。结论：侧脑室注射S100A4蛋白可一定程度改善脑梗死大鼠神经行为学功能缺损,减少S100B蛋白在脑内的表达。     

纳洛酮对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的疗效预后及相关因素水平的影响

目的：探讨纳洛酮对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的疗效、预后及其神经营养因子（BDNF）、S100B和神经特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平的影响。方法将该院诊治的80例 HIE患儿随机分为纳洛酮组和对照组,每组各40例。观察纳洛酮对两组患儿的临床疗效、预后,并检测BDNF、S100B和NSE含量水平的变化。结果治疗后,纳洛酮组的患儿的总体有效率为92．50％（37/40）,显著高于对照组的77．50％（31/40）（P＜0．05）;BDNF、N ES和S100B水平均出现不同程度的改变,且纳洛酮组的改善程度显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;此外,对照组患儿的智力发育指数（MDI）和运动发育指数（PDI）亦明显低于纳洛酮组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;但是两组患儿均未出现严重不良反应。结论纳洛酮治疗HIE能显著提高临床疗效,改善预后和脑损伤指标BDNF、S100B和NSE水平变化。