布洛芬分散片的研制

目的 :研制布洛芬分散片。方法 :以崩解时间为指标比较了不同崩解剂的作用 ,以正交试验设计确立最佳处方 ,并与普通片进行了体外溶出度的比较。结果 :崩解剂以交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮效果最优 ,最佳处方崩解时间为 89.4s ,溶出速度远大于普通片。结论 :所研制的布洛芬分散片溶出迅速。     

布洛芬分散片的制剂工艺研究

目的：布洛芬分散片处方筛选并对优选处方崩解度，分散性均匀性及体外溶出度进行实验，方法：用正交设计法，崩解剂，粘合剂，辅助粘合剂的各类及配比为因素，在3个水平上拟合，以崩解时限为指标用L9（3^3）进行实验。结果：优选处方中崩解剂为CMS－Na60g/L，辅助崩解剂MCC150g/L，粘合剂为10g/L PVP（300g/L乙醇水溶液）。结论；按最优处方组成制备分散片均在50s内完全崩解，分散均匀性达到中国药典（2000年版）关于分散片的要求。体外溶出度明显优于普通片。     

匹卡米隆分散片的制备及质量研究

目的：制备匹卡米隆分散片并评价其质量。方法：以崩解时间为指标，筛选崩解剂的种类和用量，采用正交试验设计优化最佳处方和制备工艺，通过初步稳定性考察认证处方组成的合理性。结果：优化处方组成：主药匹卡米隆50?mg、磷酸氢钙120?mg、崩解剂羧甲基淀粉钠和低取代羟丙基纤维素分别为16?mg，粘合剂2%聚维酮K30水溶液适量。采用内外加法联合使用低取代羟丙基纤维素和羧甲基淀粉钠，片剂崩解效果最好。最佳处方崩解时间为95?s，10?min溶出百分率明显高于普通片（P＜0.05），初步稳定性试验结果表明，加速和室温留样6个月制剂质量稳定，各项指标符合质量标准要求。结论：匹卡米隆分散片处方组成合理，工艺稳定，体外溶出速率明显优于普通片。     

羟甲基烟酰胺分散片的研制

目的：研制羟甲基烟酰胺分散片。方法：以崩解时间为指标。比较几种崩解剂的作用，以正交试验设计确立最佳处方，并与普通片进行体外溶出度比较。结果：崩解剂以低取代羟丙纤维素(L-HPC)效果最优，最佳处方崩解时间为78．9S，溶出速度远大于普通片。结论：所研制的羟甲基烟酰胺分散片溶出迅速。     

布洛芬滴丸剂的研制及体外溶出度

采用滴制法制备了布洛芬滴丸剂 ,筛选了滴丸剂的处方和工艺 ,并考察其体外溶出度。结果表明以崩解剂羧甲基淀粉钠作为基质 (用量为 2 0 % )的布洛芬滴丸溶出速度最快 ,10ｍｉｎ溶出就达 99.4% ,大大高于市售布洛芬片的38 9% (Ｐ <0 .0 1)。布洛芬滴丸剂的研制及体外溶出度@栾立标 @朱家璧     

托伐普坦分散片的工艺研究

目的 探讨托伐普坦分散片的制备及影响其分散时限和体外溶出度的因素.方法 采用正交试验设计方案,以崩解时限为考察指标,对托伐普坦分散片进行处方筛选,最后考察可能影响分散时限以及溶出度的因素.结果 按优化处方制备的分散片崩解时限短,分散较快.结论 制备的分散片崩解较快,影响片剂崩解时限的主要因素为PVPP的用量,压片的力度对其也有影响.     

鱼腥草素钠分散片的处方筛选

目的：利用均匀设计法及相关分析拟研制鱼腥草素钠分散片,研究其最优处方和制备工艺。方法：以不同处方配比的崩解剂、粘合剂、填充剂、润滑剂为载药辅料,以分散片的外观、片重、硬度、崩解时限、分散均匀性及溶出度等作为考察指标,采用均匀设计法及相关分析筛选最优处方并进行溶出度试验。结果：最佳分散片处方为CMS-Na、L-HPC、PVPP为联合崩解剂,MCC为填充剂,5%L-HPC醇溶液为粘合剂,硬脂酸镁、滑石粉和微粉硅胶为润滑剂。结论：鱼腥草素钠分散片的外观、片重差异、崩解时限、分散均匀性、含量等均符合要求。采用上述处方可制备出优良的鱼腥草素钠分散片,满足速释的要求。     

黄芩苷分散片处方优化及溶出度的研究

目的优选黄芩苷分散片的处方和工艺,并对其溶出行为进行考察。方法以崩解时限为考察指标,采用正交试验设计筛选出最佳处方,测定其体外溶出度。结果优选黄芩苷分散片最佳制剂工艺,淀粉为填充剂,PVPP为崩解剂,5%PVP乙醇溶液为黏合剂,硬脂酸镁为润滑剂,湿法制粒压片制得,3 min内完全崩解,30 min体外溶出度大于90%。结论所制分散片崩解迅速,工艺简单,可行。     

影响阿司匹林分散片质量的因素考察

目的：考究影响阿司匹林分散片的影响。方法：改变崩解剂、润滑剂、压力等因素,设计多个处方,以崩解时间、分散均匀性为指标进行考察。结果：崩解剂、润滑剂的种类、用量、压片的压力等对分散片的质量有影响。结论：应用国产辅料和设备亦可制备出符合要求的分散片。     

维拉帕米脉冲控释片的设计和制备

目的：针对高血压、心绞痛常在凌晨发作的特点,研制夜间服药、凌晨释放的维拉帕米(VR)脉冲控释片。方法：全面考察影响药物释放滞后时间的因素。选用3种强崩解剂的不同用量,考察片芯崩解剂对时滞的影响。通过均匀设计实验考察外层包衣的组成和片剂的硬度,多元回归筛选最优处方,并考察不同溶出条件对控释效果的影响。结果：片芯所用的3种崩解剂以羧甲基淀粉钠的崩解性能较好,用量设计在25％左右。外层包衣处方中PEG 6000增加,氢化蓖麻油(HCO)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)用量减少,硬度减小,释放滞后时间减少。由此确定释放滞后时间为3和5h的两个基本处方。结论：VR压制包衣片在体外溶出实验中能实现脉冲释药,并能通过调节辅料用量实现不同控释效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.