可拆缝线小梁切除术全过程滤过试验的意义

目的观察在巩膜瓣可拆缝线小梁切除术全过程滤过试验的应用及效果。方法在64例（78眼）巩膜瓣可拆缝线小梁切除术全过程中应用滤过试验。即小梁切除、巩膜瓣缝合、结膜缝合后，经前房穿刺口各进行1次前房注水。通过全过程滤过试验来检验滤过情况并加以调整。观察术后前房深度，眼压，滤过泡。结果术后无发生持续性浅前房者。术后第7天眼压在11．7～18．0mmHg之间。术后7～14天，全部病例拆除可拆缝线，眼压在9．8—14．8mmHg之间。追踪观察6月，形成功能性滤过泡66眼（84．62％）。结论在巩膜瓣可拆缝线小梁切除术全过程应用滤过试验，可以有效预防术后浅前房的发生，充分发挥可拆缝线的作用，提高手术的质量和安全性。     

改良巩膜瓣小梁切除与传统小梁切除的疗效观察

目的　了解小梁切除术中改良巩膜瓣、不同缝合方式在术中、术后的优缺点。方法　 90例 116眼青光眼患者随机分为 3组 :传统术式组 30例 4 2眼 ;可拆褥式缝线组 30例 4 0眼 ;L形巩膜瓣小梁切除组 30例 34眼。比较 3组术后浅前房、眼压和滤过泡情况。结果　浅前房发生率传统术式组 2 6 18% ,可拆褥式缝线组 7 5 % ,L形巩膜瓣切除组2 94 % ,改良巩膜瓣组与传统术式组比较有非常显著性差异(P <0 0 1) ;随诊眼压传统术式组 (14 6 5± 4 30 )mmHg(1kPa =7 5mmHg) ,可拆褥式缝线组 (13.87± 3.6 0 )mmHg ,L形巩膜瓣切除组 (15 .5 8± 3.2 0 )mmHg ,3组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;随诊功能性滤过泡传统术式组 76 % ,可拆褥式缝线组 93% ,L形巩膜瓣切除组 96 % ,传统小梁切除组与改良巩膜瓣小梁切除组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　采用巩膜瓣可拆褥式缝合与L形巩膜瓣小梁切除可大大降低术后浅前房的发生率 ,并能理想地控制眼压 ,提高术后视功能     

丝裂霉素C联合可拆式缝线小梁切除术治疗难治性青光眼

目的　了解可拆式缝线是否能减少丝裂霉素 C(MMC)小梁切除术后并发症。方法　MMC联合可拆式缝线小梁切除术治疗 16例 ( 2 1眼 )难治性青光眼 (RG)。术后 1天、1月及 1年 ,检查纪录术眼前房深度、眼压、滤过泡情况。结果　本组病例 ,术后早期Ⅱ度浅前房占 9.5 2 % ,持续性低眼压 14 .2 9%。术后 1年 ,保持功能性滤过泡者 76.19%。全部手术眼均无伤口漏和滤过泡漏。以眼压≤ 2 1.0 5mmHg为手术成功标准 ,手术成功率为 80 .95 %。结论　MMC可提高RG术后眼压控制率 ,而联合可拆式缝线 ,可有效控制术后滤过水平 ,减少术后并发症     

改良可调整缝线在小梁切除术中的应用

目的：探讨小梁切除术中应用改良可调整缝线的方法和疗效。方法：对65例70眼原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者行小梁切除术,术中对巩膜瓣采用改良可调整缝线缝合。观察术后眼压、前房、滤过泡、可调整缝线松脱等情况。结果：所有患者随访时间6～24（平均11）mo。可拆除缝线拆线时间1～14（平均7.4）d。拆线前眼压13.30～28.46（平均16.86）mmHg,拆线后眼压8.40～16.57（平均10.50）mmHg,二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。70眼均无拆线并发症和滤过泡渗漏。术后70眼中Ⅰ度浅前房3眼,Ⅱ度浅前房2眼,浅前房发生率7%。70眼末次随访眼压9.00～16.80（平均11.45）mmHg,70眼形成扁平滤过泡55眼,微小囊样滤过泡15眼,功能性滤过泡100%。结论：改良可调整缝线在小梁切除术中安全、术后有效,可有效控制术后房水滤过水平,有利于远期眼压的控制和功能滤过泡的形成。     

难治性青光眼MMC联合可拆式缝线小梁切除术

目的观察小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C(MMC)联合可拆式缝线的治疗效果和并发症。方法MMC联合可拆式缝线小梁切除术治疗17例(22眼)难治性青光眼,术后追踪6～24月,平均10月。结果术后早期无1例出现浅前房,7眼由于拆线过早出现滤过过盛而致浅前房,无低眼压性黄斑水肿或滤过泡渗漏(31.82%)。术后早期均为Ⅰ型或Ⅱ型有功能滤过泡;随访10月有功能滤过泡15眼(68.18%)。术后早期眼压低于6mmHg的2眼,6mmHg～21mmHg的20眼,随访10月眼压在6mmHg～21mmHg的13眼,2眼需经局部降眼压药物控制,手术完全成功15眼(68.18%)。随访10月视力提高或不变14眼,8眼视力下降乃由晶状体浑浊加重或视神经损害所致。结论MMC可提高难治性青光眼术后眼压控制率,而联合可拆式缝线,能减少术后并发症。     

复合式与单纯小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床对比观察

目的比较复合式小梁切除术和单纯小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床疗效。方法将70例(84眼)青光眼患者随机分为2组:复合式小梁切除术组35例(41眼),单纯小梁切除术35例(43眼)。复合式小梁切除术组术中联合应用丝裂霉素C和可调节缝线,其他手术操作步骤与单纯小梁切除术组基本相同。比较分析2组术后前房形成、眼压、滤过泡等情况。结果复合式小梁切除术组2眼(4.88%)在拆除可调节缝线后出现浅前房,单纯小梁切除术组有12眼(27.91%)发生浅前房,2组浅前房发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者出院时眼压均控制在21mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)以下;术后6个月时,复合式小梁切除术组眼压<21mmHg共38眼(92.68%),单纯小梁切除术组共29眼(67.44%),2组眼压控制率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者出院时均形成功能性滤过泡;术后6个月时,复合式小梁切除术组37眼(90.24%)形成功能性滤过泡,单纯小梁切除术组30眼(69·77%),2组功能性滤过泡形成率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论复合式小梁切除术可有效减少术后浅前房的发生,在控制远期眼压和功能性滤过泡形成方面疗效显著,提高了手术成功率。     

巩膜瓣可调整缝线预防小梁切除术后浅前房的作用

目的观察巩膜瓣可调整缝线在预防青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房中的作用。方法对60例(89眼)青光眼患者,在手术显微镜下,做穹隆部或角膜缘为基底结膜瓣,常规的梯形巩膜与小梁切除术。在巩膜瓣两侧做可拆缝线。球结膜切口连续紧密缝合。术后观察眼压、前房深度、结膜滤过泡、眼内组织反应与并发症。当手术后前房形成稳定或眼压回升大于10mmHg时,拆除巩膜调整缝线。术后平均随访时间6个月。结果术后第一天前房形成良好74只眼,术后巩膜瓣缝线松解时间5-30天,平均11天,缝线松解后,结膜滤过泡明显增大。60例患者术后随访眼压3-18mmHg,平均(9.1±2.75)mmHg与术前眼压相比,差异非常显著,所有患者随访中均未应用抗青光眼药物治疗,呈现血管少、弥散而微隆起的功能性结膜滤过泡。结论巩膜瓣可调整缝线能促进青光眼小梁切除术后早期前房的形成,减少前房形成迟缓所致的并发症。有利于小梁切除术后长期滤过作用,提高青光眼手术的安全性和有效性。     

巩膜瓣可拆缝线及角膜侧切口在小梁切除术中的应用

目的观察巩膜瓣可拆缝线及角膜侧切口对小梁切除术后低眼压、浅前房的影响。方法青光眼95例(145眼)在常规小梁切除术中联合应用巩膜瓣可拆缝线及角膜侧切口,术中全部病例人工形成前房,观察术后前房形成情况、滤过泡形态及眼压水平,根据眼压高低、滤过泡形态及前房深浅决定拆除可拆缝线时间,并将浅前房发生率与行单纯小梁切除术的144例(179眼)作对比。结果小梁切除联合巩膜瓣可拆缝线及角膜侧切口术后12眼发生浅前房,浅前房发生率为8.2％;单纯小梁切除术后,浅前房发生率为18.4％。二者相比有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论小梁切除联合巩膜瓣可拆缝线及角膜侧切口可主动调节房水滤过量,促进功能性滤过泡形成,减少小梁切除术后低压性浅前房的发生。     

改良巩膜瓣可拆除缝线法在急性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术中的应用

目的:观察一种改良式巩膜瓣可拆除缝线法在急性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术中的临床效果。方法:对16例28眼急性闭角型青光眼患者施行小梁切除联合虹膜周边切除术,术中对巩膜瓣采取改良式可拆除缝合。结果:所有患者随访6～12(平均8.7)mo。可拆除缝线拆线时间3～17(平均8.33)d,拆线前眼压12.23～18.86(平均15.25)mmHg,拆线后眼压为10.00～17.30(平均11.96)mmHg,两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),28眼均无拆线并发症出现和滤过泡渗漏;术后28眼中Ⅰ度浅前房1例,Ⅱ度浅前房1例,浅前房发生率7%;28眼末次随访眼压10.00～17.30(平均12.55)mmHg;28眼最终形成扁平滤过泡20例,微小囊样滤过泡8例,功能滤过泡100%。结论:改良式巩膜瓣可拆除缝线法在急性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术中安全、有效,有利于远期眼压的控制和功能滤过泡的形成。     

可调整缝线联合丝裂霉素C在小梁切除术中的应用

目的:分析可调整缝线及丝裂霉素C在小梁切除术中的应用及手术后的效果。方法:对65例65眼各种类型青光眼患者行小梁切除术,术中一次性应用丝裂霉素C联合巩膜瓣可调整缝线,术后随访3mo～1a,观察手术前后的眼压、术后切口对合、前房形成、滤过泡形态及并发症的情况。结果:术后第1d前房形成63眼(96.9%),浅Ⅰ级前房1眼(1.5%),浅Ⅱ级前房1眼(1.5%);术后7～10d出院时眼压平均为13.6mmHg,6mo眼压平均为14.9mmHg,1a眼压平均为16.7mmHg。所有病例术前术后视力不变或略有提高;出院时均有弥散滤过泡形成。可调线依据眼压、前房、滤过情况于术后1～2wk时酌情拆除,必要时辅以眼球按摩辅助滤过形成,眼压可以下降2～8mmHg。结论:可调整缝线、丝裂霉素C联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼安全性高,术后并发症少,疗效确切,操作简便,适合于基层医院开展。     

超声乳化联合前房角分离治疗伴白内障的青光眼

目的：：观察晶状体超声乳化联合前房角分离术对伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼患者的治疗效果。方法：无并发症伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼50例50眼,施行晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术。术后随访3mo,记录并比较术前及术后最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角。各指标均采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,术前及术后3mo的最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角的情况进行比较。结果：术后3 mo的最佳矫正视力较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义( t=8.76, P=0.001);术后3 mo 的眼压为15.63±3.11mmHg,较术前(45.12±5.30mmHg)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=6.27,P=0.000);术后3mo的前房深度为3.57±0.02mm,较术前(1.43±0.25mm)明显加深,差异有统计学意义(t=8.16,P=0.001);术前、术后前房角情况的比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.432,P=0.000;Z=-2.432,P=0.016;Z=-4.379,P=0.000;Z=-4.538, P=0.000)。结论：晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术治疗伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼,能够有效控制眼压,提高视力,是一种安全、有效的手术方法。     

环喷托酯在屈光参差儿童散瞳验光中的应用

目的比较分析1%盐酸环喷托酯与1%阿托品对3~12岁屈光参差儿童散瞳验光效果。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象2010年10月~2011年2月在北京同仁医院眼科斜弱视门诊就诊的3~12岁屈光参差儿童40例(80眼)。方法对以上40例患儿按年龄分成3组,即3~6岁组,7~9岁组和10~12岁组。全部患儿均首先用1%盐酸环喷托酯进行散瞳验光,待其瞳孔完全恢复正常(1周后)再行1%阿托品散瞳验光,比较两种方法的验光结果。主要指标屈光值(球镜度数、柱镜度数及轴向)。结果用1%盐酸环喷托酯散瞳验光结果(球镜:+1.18 D±4.90 D,柱镜:+1.47 D±1.16 D,散光轴向:80.50°±38.62°)与用1%阿托品散瞳验光结果(球镜:+1.20 D±4.91 D,柱镜:+1.47 D±1.15 D,散光轴向:80.06°±38.48°)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。在80眼中,球镜值相同或相差≤0.50 D者77眼,符合率为96.25%;柱镜值在69眼中,结果相同或相差≤0.50 D者65眼,符合率为94.20%;散光轴向在69眼中,结果相同或相差≤5°者67眼,符合率为97.10%。三个年龄组间的球镜、柱镜和散光轴向符合率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 1%盐酸环喷托酯可以替代1%阿托品用于3~12岁屈光参差儿童散瞳验光,其结果可以作为配镜的依据。     

Bilateral CNV associated with optic nerve drusen treated with photodynamic therapy with verteporfin

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with optic nerve drusen (OND) treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin. METHODS: A 10-year-old girl with juxtapapillary CNV in the right eye and juxtapapillary and juxtafoveal CNV in the left eye associated with OND underwent PDT with verteporfin in both eyes. RESULTS: Visual acuity increased from 20/160 to 20/25 in the right eye and from 20/1000 to 20/25 in the left eye after two sessions of PDT and 2 years of follow-up. CNV showed no leakage after two PDT sessions in both eyes and no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Subfoveal CNV is an uncommon complication of OND and excellent anatomic and functional results can be obtained with PDT.     

合并成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性渗出性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性。方法 对53例前房内出现成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAUPE）患者及61例前房内无成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAU）患者进行HLA-B27的检测,并结合临床表现加以分析。结果 成型性渗出的AAUPE患者的HLA-B27阳性率为100％,而无成型性渗出的AAU患者的HLA-B27阳性率仅为50.8％。二者有显著差异性（P<0.01）。两组HLA-B27阳性的病人强直性脊柱炎发生率分别为50.0％和42.9％。结论 结果进一步证实了HLA-B27与成型性渗出密切相关的论点。提示检测AAU患者HLA-B27的阳性率,发现成型性渗出裂隙灯检查似与血清法检测同样准确。     

小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗青光眼合并白内障

目的：观察小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除术在原发性闭角型青光眼(包括急性闭角型青光眼与慢性闭角型青光眼)合并白内障患者中的临床治疗效果及对并发症的影响。

方法：选取2014-01/2016-07在我院诊治的青光眼合并白内障患者60例60眼,采用随机数字方法分为对照组(30例30眼)和观察组(30例30眼)。对照组采用小梁切除术治疗,观察组采用小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除治疗,比较两组临床效果及并发症发生率情况。

结果：观察组术后视力与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 观察组术后眼压水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 观察组术后前房深度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 观察组术后并发症发生率为7%,显著低于对照组的23%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者在小梁切除术基础上联合超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗效果理想,并发症发生率相对较低。     

Levodopa-carbidopa with occlusion in older children with amblyopia

PURPOSE: To study the role of levodopa-carbidopa in supplementing occlusion therapy in older children with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: A clinical study was performed on 40 amblyopic children (19 strabismic and 21 anisometropic), 6 to 18 years old (mean age, 10.9 years). They received an average dose of 1.86 mg/kg/day (1.33-2.36 mg/kg/day) of levodopa and carbidopa (4:1 ratio) or a placebo in 3 divided doses over a 4-week period, combined with full-time occlusion. The occlusion was continued for the study duration of 3 months. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity charts and Cambridge low-contrast gratings for contrast sensitivity (CS) were used to assess visual functions. Tolerance and compliance with occlusion and capsule consumption were assessed. RESULTS: Visual acuity of the nonamblyopic eye did not deteriorate during the study in either group. CS decreased by 22 units in the levodopa group and increased in the placebo group by 53 units at the first month. The CS in the levodopa group recovered later by the third month of follow-up. Both the levodopa and the placebo groups showed significant improvement in visual function in the amblyopic eye (P <.001). Overall changes in logarithm of minimum angle of resolution values and CS in the amblyopic eyes were similar in both groups (P >.05). Strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes did not behave differently. Drug tolerance, occlusion compliance, and capsule ingestion compliance were similar between the groups, with no significant side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically, levodopa supplementation does not offer any advantage over occlusion alone. Moreover, the risk of occlusion amblyopia could increase with the use of drugs like levodopa that might affect the plasticity of the visual cortex.     

Phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C in patients with uveitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for the management of uveitic complications. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the records of 23 consecutive eyes with chronic noninfectious uveitis (uveitic group) and 43 nonuveitic eyes (control group) that had received primary phacotrabeculectomy. Mitomycin C was used in all the uveitic eyes. Considering the high preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) of the uveitic group, nonuveitic eyes that had a preoperative IOP of >or=20 mm Hg or that had been given two or more medications were included in the control group. All patients were followed for at least one year. The main outcome measures were postoperative vision, IOP control, complications, and acute uveitis relapse rates. RESULTS: Visual outcome of the uveitic group was similar to the control group. In the uveitic group, the success rate of IOP control (91.3% at one year, 84.8% at two years) was favorable but was significantly lower than in the control group (P = .0423). Complications were comparable between the groups. Primary surgical failure in the uveitic group was associated with the postoperative acute uveitis attack. In the uveitic group, the acute uveitis attack rate showed no change after surgery (P = .283). CONCLUSION: With adequate inflammation suppression, phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C is an effective and safe therapeutic option for the management of secondary cataract and glaucoma in uveitic eyes. A lower surgical success rate of the uveitic group might be attributable to the postoperative inflammation recurrence.     

Epikeratoplasty with nonlyophilized tissue in children with aphakia

We studied 75 epikeratoplasty procedures using nonlyophilized tissue performed by eight ophthalmic surgeons in 70 eyes (47 patients) to correct for aphakia in children less than 8 years of age (mean age, 3.4 +/- 2.1 years). Of the 47 patients in the study, 24 were girls and 23 were boys; 23 patients had bilateral surgery. Seven of the epigrafts required removal; two were not replaced, and five underwent successful repeat epikeratoplasty. Overall, the success rate (that is, the percentage of epigrafts that remained optically and functionally clear throughout the course of this study) for the epikeratoplasty procedure was 89% (62 of 70 eyes) for initial surgery and 96% (67 of 70 eyes) for repeat surgery. The average spherical equivalent was +14.4 +/- 3.7 diopters preoperatively and +0.3 +/- 2.9 diopters one year after the operation. One year after the final surgical procedure, 42 of 56 eyes (75%) were within 3 diopters of emmetropia. In the 29 verbal patients, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 25 (86.2%) one year after the operation.