CT引导下仰卧位骶髂置钉术治疗骨盆后环损伤

<正>骨盆的生物力学研究发现,骨盆后部结构对骨盆的稳定作用占60%,前部占40%[1]。亦有研究表明在整个骨盆负载中后环占70%(压应力)。骨盆后环是承载和负重的必经之路,所以骨盆骨折应重点解决骨盆后环的力学稳定性。自2005年10月～2008年2月,笔者采用仰卧位CT引导下经皮自髂骨至S1椎体     

骶髂螺钉固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆后环骨折的疗效分析

目的评价骶髂螺钉治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折的临床疗效。方法采用骶髂螺钉治疗42例不稳定型骨盆骨折。应用Tornetta复位情况评价表评估复位情况,应用Majeed骨盆骨折评分系统评价疗效。结果 42例均获随访,随访时间为4~34个月,平均15个月。闭合复位骶骨钉内固定骨盆骨折后环不稳术后分疗效满意。结论掌握骶骨置钉技巧,应用骶骨钉固定骨盆骨折后环不稳,手术操作简单、疗效好、适于基层医院广泛开展。     

骨盆后环损伤3D打印导板辅助骶髂螺钉固定

[目的]探究应用3D打印导板辅助骶髂螺钉固定在骨盆后环损伤中的临床价值。[方法]回顾性分析2020年1月—2023年2月收住本院创伤骨科病区中心的45例骨盆后环损伤患者的临床资料,依据术前医患沟通结果,21例采用3D导板辅助,24例采用徒手置钉。比较两组围手术期、随访和影像资料。[结果]导板组手术时间[(84.8±2.6) min vs (113.3±2.2) min, P<0.001]、螺钉置入时间[(40.9±0.4) min vs (65.3±1.6) min, P<0.001]、导针调整次数[(0.8±0.7)次vs (4.0±0.9)次, P<0.001]和X线曝光时间[(35.2±0.8) s vs (77.3±1.4) s, P<0.001]均显著优于徒手组。随访时间平均（24.1±7.5）个月。导板组患者完全负重活动时间[(85.6±2.7) d vs (95.1±0.6) d, P=0.046]显著早于徒手组。与术后1个月相比,末次随访时,两组患者VAS评分、髋伸屈和内外旋ROM、Majeed评分均显著改善（P<0.05）。术后1个月,导...     

CT引导下空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗骶髂复合体损伤

目的　探讨在CT引导下经皮微创技术置入松质骨拉力螺钉内固定治疗骶髂关节复合体损伤的可行性。方法　选择 36例Tile -Mueller分类B型和C型骨盆骨折患者 (同时存在旋转和垂直不稳定 )前环复位用重建钢板固定后 ,在CT引导下经皮微创技术置入拉力螺钉复位固定骶髂关节。结果　 36例在CT引导下经皮置入骶髂关节螺钉成功 ,经近 2年随访该方法固定牢靠 ,无并发症 ,功能恢复满意。结论　CT引导下经皮置入空心拉力螺钉是治疗骶髂关节复合体损伤的最好方法之一     

CT引导下置入螺钉治疗骶髂关节脱位

目的:探讨CT引导下置入螺钉治疗骶髂关节脱位的方法。方法:选择旋转垂直不稳定的典型C型(Tile分型)骨盆骨折12例,行CT扫描定位第一骶椎,后在CT引导下置入导针,根据CT测量和导针置入长度选择适合长度的半螺纹松质骨螺钉拧入,在CT扫描下可见患侧骶髂关节逐步合拢,最后复位。结果:12例骶髂关节均复位,10例获得随访,时间8~15个月,按疗效评定标准,优7例,良2例,可1例。患者功能恢复良好。结论:该方法为采取微创技术进行骨折治疗提供了新思路,手术操作简单、出血少、损伤少、固定牢靠。     

CT引导下经皮骶髂螺钉固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折

目的 评价CT引导下应用经皮骶髂螺钉固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折的安全性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析在CT引导下经皮骶髂螺钉固定治疗19例Tile C型骨盆骨折.结果 术后螺钉位置良好,均无医源性血管、神经损伤,骨不连及螺钉移位现象.根据Majeed评定:优15例,良4例.结论 CT引导下经皮骶髂螺钉固定技术是一种治疗T...     

CT引导下空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗骶髂复合体损伤

目的 探讨在CT引导下经皮微创技术置人松质骨拉力螺钉内固定治疗骶髂关节复合体损伤的可行性。方法 选择36例Tile—Mueller分类B型和C型骨盆骨折患者(同时存在旋转和垂直不稳定)前环复位用重建钢板固定后，在CT引导下经皮微创技术置人拉力螺钉复位固定骶髂关节。结果 36例在CT引导下经皮置人骶髂关节螺钉成功，经近2年随访该方法固定牢靠，无并发症，功能恢复满意。结论CT引导下经皮置人空心拉力螺钉是治疗骶髂关节复合体损伤的最好方法之一。     

CT引导下微创导向器在经皮骶髂关节螺钉固定中的初步应用

 目的 探讨CT引导下微创导向器辅助经皮骶髂关节螺钉固定的准确性。方法 2011年 1月至 5月, 采用 CT引导下微创导向器辅助经皮骶髂关节螺钉固定治疗骶髂关节骨折脱位患者 8例, 男 5例, 女 3例;年龄 26~56岁, 平均 32岁;均为垂直不稳定骨盆骨折。术前对 6例骶髂关节移位超过 2 cm的患者行股骨髁上骨牵引, 牵引重量为体重的 1/8~1/7。在 CT操作台的计算机屏幕上进行定位、测量最佳进针轨道后, 在患侧臀部标记定位。根据 CT扫描确定的进针角度调节导向器角度, 沿导向器前 端套筒打入克氏针, 并顺克氏针拧入 7.3 mm的空心螺钉。结果 8例患者均一次操作成功。手术时间 10~20 min, 平均 14 min。术后即刻行 CT扫描, 确认所有螺钉均位于术前预计的位置并完全位于骨内无 穿出, 骶髂关节形态恢复满意并得到确切固定。所有患者术中均未诉患侧下肢麻木或放射样疼痛, 术后患肢无一例发生血管、神经并发症。结论 导向器可避免 CT引导下骶髂关节螺钉固定时术者仅凭感觉判断进针角度而造成的偏差, 提高了CT引导下骶髂关节螺钉置入的准确性、安全性和简便性。     

骶髂关节复合体损伤应用骶髂螺钉内固定的研究现状

骶髂关节复合体(Sacroiliac complex)，包括骶髂关节(Sacroiliac joint，SIJ)、SIJ周围韧带、骶棘韧带、骶结节韧带及骨盆底的肌肉和筋膜，Harrison等提出SIJ整体系统。SIJ是躯干与下肢负荷传递的枢纽，占整个骨盆功能的60％，治疗效果对骨盆功能的恢复有决定意义。高能损伤的骨盆骨折多合并SIJ骨折脱位，损伤骶髂复合体。许多下腰痛由单侧或双侧SIJ综合征引起，亦称为SIJ功能紊乱；妊娠后妇女因SIJ半脱位或全脱位，易患妊娠相关性骨盆痛。骶髂螺钉固定在生物力学上优于外固定，等同于骶骨棒和张力带钢板固定，能达到与完整骨盆相似的生物力学结果。     

经皮长骶髂螺钉内固定治疗TileC型骶骨骨折

目的探讨经皮长骶髂螺钉内固定治疗TileC型骶骨骨折的可行性、有效性以及技术要点。方法2例TileC型骨盆骨折骨牵引至骨折竖直方向复位满意后行骨折复位内固定术,自骶骨伤侧行经皮长骶髂螺钉固定骶骨骨折．以重建钢板固定耻骨上支骨折。结果术中无重大血管、神经损伤,术后无感染、严重双下肢静脉血栓形成、双下肢不等长及内固定失效,骨折均顺利愈合。Matta评分和Majeed功能评分结果均为优。结论经皮长骶髂螺钉内固定治疗TileC型骶骨骨折是一种有效且相对安全的骶髂螺钉固定方式。     

Iliosacral screw fixation of the posterior pelvic ring using local anaesthesia and computerised tomography

Various techniques have been used for the fixation of the posterior pelvis, each with disadvantages specific to the technique. In this study, a new protocol involving the placement of posterior pelvic screws in the CT suite is described and evaluated. A total of 66 patients with unstable pelvic ring injuries was stabilised under local anaesthesia with sedation. The mean length of time for the procedure was 26 minutes per screw. There were no technical difficulties or misplaced screws and no cases of infection or nonunion. All patients stated that they would choose to have the CT scan procedure again rather than a procedure requiring general anaesthesia. The charges for the procedure were approximately 1840 pounds sterling (2800 dollars) per operation. CT-guided placement of iliosacral screws is a safe, feasible, and cost-effective alternative to radiologically-guided placement in the operating theatre in selected patients.     

仰卧位经皮骶髂置钉固定术治疗骨盆后环损伤

目的 探讨仰卧位经皮骶髂置钉固定术治疗骨盆后环损伤的可行性、手术方法及疗效.方法 在10具尸体操作的基础上,2004年10月至2007年10月对14例骨盆后环损伤行仰卧位经皮骶髂置钉固定术.男7例,女7例;年龄28～75岁,平均41.6岁.Tile B型损伤4例,C型损伤10例.患者仰卧位,于"C"型臂X线机透视下以髂前上棘上2 cm与腋后线交点及髂前上棘与髂后上棘连线中、后1/3交点为进钉点,若两点距离较大,则在透视下确定最佳进钉点.进钉角度为向前20°～30°角,向尾端倾斜5°～15°.经皮骶髂置入一枚直径7.2 mm空心钛螺钉固定.术后摄骨盆正位、骶骨侧位X线片,并行骶髂关节CT扫描,观察螺钉在S1椎体的位置.结果 14例均获随访,平均随访16个月.术后3个月骨盆骨折均临床愈合.14例共置入15枚空心钛螺钉,未发生与置钉有关的并发症.随访期间无神经损伤、螺钉松动及断裂现象,无骨盆畸形及骶髂部疼痛.Majeed疗效评定标准优良率为92.9%.结论 采用体表双定位法,可提高仰卧位骶髂置钉固定术的安全性;仰卧位经皮骶髂置钉固定术治疗骨盆后环损伤方便、可行.     

锁定加压钢板在骨盆后环损伤中的临床应用

目的探讨锁定加压钢板在骨盆后环损伤中的临床应用。方法应用锁定加压钢板治疗5例骨盆后环损伤患者,其中男4例,女1例;年龄27～49岁,平均35.6岁。致伤原因:撞伤2例,挤压伤2例,坠落伤1例。按照AO骨盆环损伤分型:B1型1,B2型2例,B3型1例,C1型1例。骨盆后环损伤按照Denis分型:Ⅰ区4例,Ⅱ区1例。结果5例患者获3～12个月(平均5.8个月)随访。手术时间30～80min,平均50min,术中无输血,出血100～400mL。所有患者术后无神经损伤,切口均一期愈合。腰骶及下肢活动、感觉均正常。无会阴部感觉障碍。结论锁定加压钢板治疗骨盆后环损伤操作简单、创伤小,并发症少,是治疗骨盆后环损伤的有效方法之一。     

骶髂拉力螺钉固定技术在骨盆后环损伤中的临床应用

目的 探讨应用骶髂拉力螺钉固定技术治疗骨盆后环损伤的适应证、手术方法及疗效。方法 1998年6月～2002年11月，对13例骨盆骶髂复合结构损伤患者采用后侧经骶髂关节的骶髂拉力螺钉固定方法治疗骨盆后环损伤，男10例，女3例；年龄21～49岁，平均37．5岁。通过影像学柱查明确13例患者有15侧骨盆骶髂复合结构损伤。按照AO骨盆环损伤方法分型：B型损伤6例．其中B2型4例，B3型2例；C型损伤7例．其中C1型2例，C2型3例，C3型2例。患者麻醉后俯卧位，行闭合或开放复位后用骶髂拉力螺钉固定。取髂骨翼后侧进钉点，根据S1椎体上缘和骶骨翼走行确定进钉方向。所有操作均在“C”型臂X线机透视下进行。结果 13例患者均获随访．随访时间6个月～4年6个月，平均19．7个月。手术平均时问为70min。13例共置入骶髂拉力螺钉21枚。患者在术后2-3周可持双拐下地行走，3～4个月双下肢可完全负重行走．并逐渐恢复体力劳动，未发生神经损伤及螺钉松动、断裂现象。腰骶及下肢活动接近正常。结论 骶髂拉力螺钉固定技术可使不稳定性骨盆后环损伤患者获得良好的即刻复位和固定，恢复骨盆的稳定性，适用于骶髂关节脱位及骶骨骨折的患者。     

骨盆后环损伤的内固定治疗

目的 探讨手术内固定治疗骨盆后环损伤的临床疗效.方法 对22例骨盆后环损伤患者分别采用微创技术椎弓根螺钉固定、骶髂关节空心螺钉固定及骨盆重建带后方髂髂固定3种方式治疗.结果 22例均随访,时间4~22个月.无切口感染、血管神经损伤及内固定松动或断裂,无骨折不愈合.结论 微创椎弓根螺钉固定、骶髂关节空心螺钉固定及骨盆重建带后方髂髂固定3种方式均为治疗骨盆后环损伤的有效方法,根据骨折类型及患者的情况选择不同的内固定方式,可获满意疗效.     

Posterior screw fixation in rotationally unstable pelvic ring injuries

Objective

Although the stability of the pelvic ring primarily depends on the integrity of the posterior sacroiliac arch, lateral compression fractures with rotational instability are commonly treated by anterior fixation alone. The objective of the present study was to assess the outcome of patients with these fractures treated by posterior iliosacral screw fixation alone.

Methods

Patients with rotationally unstable lateral compression fractures of the pelvic ring (Young and Burgess LC I and LC II or AO/Tile B2) treated by percutaneous iliosacral fixation alone were included. Postoperative complications, need for secondary surgery, malunion, secondary fracture displacement and the time to full-weight bearing were documented.

Results

Twenty-five patients (13 female, 26 male; age: 56 ± 20 years) were treated by percutaneous screw fixation (14 bilaterally, 11 unilaterally). Mean follow-up was 6 ± 4 months, mean time to full weight bearing 9 ± 3 weeks. Revision surgery was necessary in two patients (8%) due to nerve irritation; an additional anterior stabilisation was needed in two other patients (8%) due to secondary dislocation. Wound infection or motor weakness were not encountered, non-union of the posterior arch did not occur. Non-union of the pubic rami, however, occurred in two patients. The presence of malunion of the pubic rami did not affect the time to full weight bearing.

Conclusions

Percutanous iliosacral screw fixation alone is a sufficient technique for the stabilisation of rotationally unstable pelvic fractures with low rates of complications or non-unions. It allows for a minimally invasive treatment thus being a useful option in patients who do not qualify for open anterior fixation.     

Minimally invasive stabilization of posterior pelvic ring injuries through transiliac internal fixator versus Iliosacral screw: A prospective comparative cohort study

IntroductionLongitudinal sacral fractures are usually a matter of controversy regarding decision-making for reduction, fixation, and approach. Percutaneous and minimally invasive techniques present perioperative difficulties, but with fewer postoperative complications compared to open techniques. The objective of this study was to compare the functional as well as radiological outcomes of the Transiliac Internal fixator (TIFI) versus Iliosacral screw (ISS) fixation of sacral fractures applied percutaneously in a minimally invasive technique.MethodsA Prospective comparative cohort study was conducted in a level 1 trauma center in a university hospital. The study included 42 patients with complete sacral fractures, 21 patients have been allocated to each group (TIFI group & ISS group). The clinical, functional, as well as radiological data, were collected and analyzed for the 2 groups.ResultsThe mean age was 32 (18 -54 years), and the mean follow-up was 14 (12 -20 months). There was a statistically significant difference in favor of the TIFI group regarding a shorter operative time (P = 0.04) as well as less fluoroscopy time (P = 0.01) whereas there was less blood loss in the ISS group (P = 0.01). Both the mean Matta's radiological score, the mean Majeed score as well as the pelvic outcome score were comparable between the 2 groups with no statistically significant difference.ConclusionThis study suggests that both TIFI and ISS through a minimally invasive technique represent valid methods for sacral fracture fixation with a shorter operative time, less radiation exposure in TIFI and less blood loss in the ISS. However, the functional, as well as radiological outcomes, were comparable between the 2 groups.     

Minimally invasive fluoro-navigation screw fixation for the treatment of pelvic ring injuries

Intensive use of intraoperative fluoroscopy is mandatory to achieve good accuracy and avoid neural or vascular injury and may prolong surgical time and increase exposure-related hazards. New methods of percutaneous treatment in conjunction with innovative fluoroscopy-based computerized navigation have evolved in an attempt to overcome the existing difficulties. This report described our experience in applying fluoroscopic surgical navigation technique and evaluated its clinical application to pelvic ring injuries, including its feasibility, merits and limitations. Twenty-two patients with pelvic ring injuries were treated with percutaneous pubic ramus screw and sacroiliac screw techniques under the guidance of a fluoroscopy-based navigation system. A total of forty-four screws were inserted, including twenty-seven pubic ramus screws and seventeen sacroiliac screws. The average operation time and the average fluoroscopy time per screw were 23.6 minutes and 22.2 seconds respectively. Compared to the final position of the screw, the average deviated distance of wire tip was 2.8 mm and the average trajectory difference was 2.6°. A ventral cortex perforation of the sacrum was found in one sacroiliac screw without any clinical symptoms. No superficial or deep infection occurred. No patient sustained recognized neurologic, vascular, or urologic injury as a result of percutaneous screw fixation of pubic ramus fractures, sacroiliac disruptions, or sacral fractures. Our results showed that fluoroscopy-based navigation technique for the pelvic ring injuries could become a safe and effective alterative method for the treatment of pelvic ring injuries in some selected patients.     

经皮微创桥接组合式内固定系统治疗骨盆后环损伤

[目的]介绍桥接组合式内固定系统治疗骨盆后环损伤的手术技术。[方法] 2015年1月～2018年6月,对19例骨盆后环损伤的患者行经皮微创桥接组合式内固治疗,其中12例还行前环有限切开内固定。先取俯卧位或者漂浮体位的前倾体位固定骨盆后环,然后再改为仰卧位后漂浮体位的后仰体位复位固定骨盆前环。于两侧髂后上棘外侧做斜形3～5 cm切口,显露骨折脱位处,牵拉、撬拨、挤压等方法予以骨折复位,再将塑形后的连接棒经皮下隧道穿过,安装连接块,调整至最佳位置,钻孔并拧紧螺钉,穿透双侧骨皮质,利用桥接系统的撑开加压功能辅助进一步复位,至满意后锁定固定系统。[结果] 19例患者均顺利手术,无血管、神经损伤等严重并发症。术后随访时间12～39个月。根据Majeed功能评分,优12例,良5例,可2例,优良率89.47%。影像评估方面,复位质量根据Matta评分标准:优18例,良1例,可0例,优良率为94.74%。[结论]经皮微创桥接组合式内固定系统治疗骨盆后环损伤,操作简单灵活,固定可靠,并发症少。     

Percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation in S1 and S2 for posterior pelvic ring injuries: technique and perioperative complications

Objective  

Percutaneous iliosacral screw placement allows for minimally invasive fixation of posterior pelvic ring instabilities. The objective of this study was to describe the technique for screws in S1 and S2 using conventional C-arm and to evaluate perioperative complications.