五种活检术在肺部块影诊断中的对比研究

目的 探讨五种活检方法在肺部块影诊断中的价值.方法 选择门诊及住院患者经肺部平片及/或CT检查结果诊断为肺部块影1 180例,应用经纤支镜肺活检,X线引导下、B超引导下、CT引导下肺穿刺活检及开胸肺活检术进行检查,并对有关资料进行分析研究.结果对中央型肺部块影应用CT引导下肺活检诊断阳性率显著高于纤支镜检查及X线引导下肺活检组(P＜0.05).纤支镜活检阳性率显著高于X线引导下肺活检组(P＜0.05); 对周围型肺部块影应用CT引导下肺活检阳性率显著高于纤支镜活检、X线及B超引导下肺活检组(P＜0.05).X线引导下肺活检阳性率显著高于纤支镜检查组(P＜0.05).开胸肺活检诊断阳性检率为100%.结论应用纤支镜肺活检对中央型肺部块影诊断阳性率较高、费用低、并发症少,易作为首选检查;对于周围型肺部块影应用CT引导下穿刺肺活检阳性率高、并发症少,宜作为首选检查.开胸肺活检创伤大,费用高,患者不易接受,故可在其它方法不能确诊情况下选用.     

不同肺组织活检术在肺部块影诊断中的价值比较

对肺部X线片或CT检查显示为肺部块影的680例门诊和住院患者采取4种途径取肺活检组织，486例经纤维支气管镜肺活检，58例X线引导下肺活检，116例CT引导下肺活检，20例开胸肺活检。对4种途径的阳性率进行对比分析，提示对中央型肺部块影，宜将经纤维支气管镜肺活检作为首选方法；对周围型肺部块影以CT引导下穿刺肺活检作为首选方法。     

经纤支镜肺活检对肺部周围性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨无X线引导经纤支镜肺活检对肺部周围性病变的诊断价值。方法对常规纤支镜检查无异常发现的208例肺部周围性病变患者,用胸片和/或CT片进行定位,在无X线引导下进行经纤支镜肺活检。结果全组确诊率80·3%,并发症发生率9·1%。结论无X线引导经纤支镜肺活检是一种简便、安全、准确率较高的诊断肺部周围性病变的肺活检方法。     

CT引导经皮肺活检诊断早期周围型肺癌的价值

目的　评估CT引导经皮肺活检对早期周围型肺癌的诊断价值。方法　 46例周围型肺癌的医学记录被回顾 ,2 0例行纤维支气管镜检查并行刷检和 (或 )活检 ,3 8例行CT引导经皮肺活检 (包括 12例纤支镜检查未见异常者 ) ,9例 (包括 3例CT引导经皮肺活检和 6例纤支镜检查 )因诊断不明确行胸廓切开术 ,所有标本送做细胞学、组织学和微生物学检查。结果　CT引导肺活检病理确诊率 92 .1%( 3 5 3 8例 )显著高于纤支镜检查 10 .0 %( 2 2 0例 ) (P <0 .0 1) ,9例手术全部明确诊断肺癌。CT引导肺活检并发症仅 2例发生少量气胸 ,未做特殊处理 ,发生率 5 .3 %( 2 3 8) ,按肺癌TNM临床分期 :CT引导肺活检确诊肺癌有手术指征为 91.4%( 3 2 3 5例 )而纤支镜确诊 2例均为晚期肺癌。结论　CT引导肺活检是一种安全、并发症低、正确率高和小的侵入性方法 ,并可迅速诊断早期肺癌     

X线透视引导下经纤维支气管镜检查对肺孤立性病变的诊断价值

目的:比较有和无X线透视引导下经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)检查对肺孤立性病灶的诊断率。方法:236例有孤立性肺结节和肿块(SPN/M)的患者分为两组:Ⅰ组(166例)在X线透视引导下行经纤支镜肺活检,Ⅱ组(70例)根据影像学解剖定位,无X线透视引导下行经纤支镜肺活检,比较两组的诊断阳性率,分析影响阳性率的相关因素。结果:Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组经纤支镜检查的阳性率分别为71.1%和52.9%(2χ=3.96,P<0.05)。两组中病灶直径>4cm亚组患者纤支镜诊断阳性率均明显高于直径<2 cm亚组(2χ=6.76,P<0.01和2χ=9.08,P<0.005)。在直径≤2cm和2.1~4 cm的肺恶性病灶患者中,Ⅰ组纤支镜检查的阳性率均明显高于Ⅱ组(2χ=4.06,P<0.05和2χ=4.72,P<0.05)。位于距离肺门较远的肺外周区和中间区的恶性和良性病灶,Ⅰ组的阳性率要明显高于Ⅱ组(2χ=4.67,P<0.05和2χ=8.28,P<0.005)。结论:对于直径在2~4 cm范围,位于肺外周和中间区的SPN/M,选用X线透视引导下经纤支镜肺活检有助于提高诊断阳性率。     

纤支镜针吸活检术对肺癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断价值观察

目的：探讨纤支镜针吸活检术对肺癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法：对我院21例经CT诊断怀疑为肺癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移的患者，未应用CT引导，经纤支镜针吸活检。结果：21例患者中经纤支镜检查确诊肺癌17例（包括活检、刷检、针刺确，其中有9例淋巴结经常规纤支镜检查针吸活检阳性），阳性率80．95％。结论：纤支镜针吸活检术对肺癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断对病人痛苦少，损伤小，费用低，诊断阳性率高。     

纤维支气管镜在肺癌诊断中的临床意义

目的：通过分析纤维支气管镜的耐受性、并发症、纤支镜下表现及病理类型,探讨纤支镜检查在肺部肿瘤诊断上的价值。方法：经鼻腔插入纤支镜,直视下或电视透视下对病灶行活检、毛刷,并行检后痰检查。结果：咳嗽、痰血在中央型较多,周围型多无症状。小细胞癌、鳞癌以粘膜上型为主,腺癌以粘膜下型为主,或直视下无异常发现。活检阴性的病灶主要位于上叶及下叶背段。常规纤支镜(TBB)较经支气管镜肺活检(TBLB)的活检、刷检阳性率高(P＜0.05)。结论：纤支镜检查操作方便、病人痛苦小、安全性大、阳性率高,对影像学阴性的肺部肿瘤而言,纤支镜是唯一能获得诊断和正确定位的可靠检查方法。     

纤维支气管镜、X线及CT在支气管结核诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨纤维支气管镜、X线及CT在支气管结核诊断中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性总结了我院150例经上述检查确诊的病例，以探讨各种方法对支气管结核的诊断价值。结果男女比例为1：1．59，15-35岁者占43．3％，36-60岁者占37．3％，右侧(86例)多于左侧(62)例，临床表现以咳嗽为主，占94．7％，25，3％和21．3％行纤支镜确诊前分别误诊为肺癌和肺炎；X线表现有肺不张者26．7％，肺浸润者39．3％，10．7％有肺门增大或块影，8．7％有肺内团块或结节，X线胸片阴性者8．7％；CT见气管支气管改变者49．3％；纤支镜下表现以内芽增殖型和炎性浸润型最多，分别占35．3％和26．0％，其次是溃疡坏死型占21．3％和瘢痕狭窄型占17．3％，很多病例有上述多种改变；纤支镜活检阳性率90．6％，刷检阳性率为23．9％。结论支气管结核在临床X线、CT和纤支镜下有一定特征，但很难与许多其它肺部疾病区别，CT较胸部X线更能发现气管支气管病变，纤支镜是确诊支气管结核的主要手段。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围小结节病变的诊断价值

目的 评价CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围小结节病变的临床诊断价值。方法 将CT检查发现的59例肺周围小结节痛变患者行cT引导经皮肺穿刺活检，其中49例作纤支镜检结合痰细胞检查。结果 经皮肺穿刺活检恶性病变的阳性预测值为100％（31／31），良性病变的阳性预测值为84．0％（21／25）：检查阳性率明显高于纤支镜检结合痰细胞学检查，差异非常显著（P〈0．01）；取材满意率94．9％。结论 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围小结节病变的诊断准确性较高，并发症轻。     

支气管内膜结核65例临床分析

目的探讨支气管内膜结核（EBTB）临床特点与早期确诊方法。方法总结65例经纤支镜证实的EBTB的临床、X线／CT表现和纤支镜下特征。结果纤支镜刷检及活检阳性率显著优于临床表现、胸部X线／CT（P〈0．01）。结论纤支镜对EBTB的诊断与治疗有较大价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.