Prevalence of overweight and obesity in China: Results from a cross-sectional study of 441 thousand adults, 2012–2015

ObjectivesObesity has become a global health public problem. The study aims to examine the latest prevalence of overweight and obesity in China.MethodsData came from the China Hypertension Survey (CHS), a nationally representative cross-sectional study among residents aged ≥18 years from October 2012 to December 2015. Overweight and obesity were defined as 25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m² and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² according to the WHO classifications, respectively.ResultsThe data of 441 306 participants were analyzed. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 28.1% and 5.2% respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity varied considerably across provinces. The prevalence of overweight was the highest in Beijing, which was 2.8 fold of the lowest in Guangxi (40.9% vs. 14.6%). The prevalence of obesity was the highest in Tianjin, which was 9.4 fold of the lowest in Hainan (12.2% vs. 1.3%). There was a striking north-south gradient with the prevalence higher in Northeast and Northwest China and lower in Southeast China. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that sex, age, education, smoking, marital status and family history of cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with overweight and obesity.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are highly prevalent among Chinese adults, and their prevalence varies greatly among different population subgroups and provinces. National and provincial obesity control and prevention strategies should be public health priorities in China.     

Updated trends in suicidal ideation among U.S. adults, 2005–2012

ObjectiveProvide a recent update in the trends of suicidal ideation among adults in the United States from 2005 to 2012.Methods: Data from four 2-year cycles (2005–2012) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used (analyzed in 2015). Suicidal ideation was assessed via self-report.ResultsFor the entire sample, as well as across age-groups, gender and race-ethnicity, there was no statistically significant change in “any suicidal ideations” from 2005–2006 to 2011–2012 (2.95% in 2005–2006 to 3.24% in 2011–2012; P-trend_linear = 0.75). However, significant changes in suicidal ideations occurring nearly every day were observed. A linear trend (P = 0.03) was present for the entire sample and for men; among the entire sample, the prevalence of having suicidal ideations nearly every day increased from 0.19% in 2005–2006 to 0.52% in 2011–2012. However, a quadratic trend was present for non-Hispanic white women (P = 0.03) and Mexican American women (P = 0.001).ConclusionSuicidal ideation occurring nearly every day has increased for men, but recent decreases have been observed for women of non-Hispanic white and Mexican American race-ethnicity. Continued outreach efforts, particularly among men, are needed to help prevent the development of suicidal ideations into suicidal behavior and occurrence.     

Secular trends in salt and soy sauce intake among Chinese adults, 1997–2011

Salt and soy sauce are the main ways of sodium intake in Chinese dietary. In this study, we used the data of the China Health and Nutrition Surveys to describe the secular trends of salt and soy sauce intake among Chinese adults from 1997 to 2011. Trends were tested by multiple linear regression models. During the past 14 years, the consumption of sodium, salt and soy sauce intake values decreased significantly across the six study periods (p?p?相似文献   

Estimates of obesity trends in Brazil, 2006–2009

Objective  

This study investigates the prevalence and trends of obesity among Brazilian adults, from 2006 to 2009, according to socio-demographic variables.     

Changes in iodine status among US adults, 2001–2012

Urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) in the US have been reported to be stable since 1988–1994, although those in selected subgroups remained low. We aimed to investigate iodine status among adults (≥20 years) by two different criteria of assessing iodine deficiency in population. Utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2001–2012, we conducted linear logistic regressions adjusting for covariates. The prevalence of <50?μg/L UIC was higher in women than in men; increased from 11.6% (2001–2004) to 13.2% (2009–2012) at the national level and in young adults, non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and non-users of iodine-containing supplements (all, p?<0.05); the adjusted odds ratios (95%CI) in young adults (1.54 [1.11–2.15], p =?0.0007) and NHBs (1.70 [1.15–2.52], p =?0.0078). Median UICs confirm women and NHBs being in borderline iodine status. Recognizing the critical consequence of iodine deficiency particularly in women and NHBs, regular monitoring of iodine status is important for public health in the US.     

Effectiveness of a single dose of Japanese encephalitis vaccine among adults,Assam, India, 2012–2018

BackgroundJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remains the major etiology of encephalitis throughout Asia. In India, the state of Assam alone contributes more than one-third of the national burden of JE. Between 2011 and 2014, a single dose of JE vaccine SA 14-14-2 (LAJEV) was administered among adults aged 15–65 years residing in Sivasagar and Dibrugarh districts of Assam, India. We monitored the trend of JE incidence between 2009 and 2018 using JE surveillance data, estimated the long-term effectiveness of the single dose of LAJEV and estimated the coverage of JE vaccine in two districts.MethodsWe compared the JE vaccination status of laboratory-confirmed hospitalized JE patients (case) and age, sex and locality matched healthy individuals (controls) to estimate the effectiveness of single dose of JE vaccine. We used surveillance data for 2009–2018 to calculate the incidence of JE among adults. We conducted a community-based survey to estimate the coverage of JE vaccine in the two districts.ResultsA total of 452 laboratory-confirmed JE case-patients and 904 matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study between 2012 and 2018. The effectiveness of a single dose of JE vaccine over the 7-year period was 77.0 (95% CI: 67.0–83.0). Vaccine effectiveness decreased from 91% (95% CI: 73.0–97.0) in first year of vaccination to 71% (95% CI: 21.0–90.0) at six years post-vaccination. The incidence of adults JE cases declined from 10.5 per 100,000 in the pre-vaccination period to 5.7 per 100,000 in the years following vaccination. The coverage of vaccine among adults in two districts was 40.1% (36.8–43.5).ConclusionsA single dose of JE vaccine offered adequate protection for at least six years. Conducting mass vaccination campaigns periodically would further reduce the incidence of JE in endemic districts in Assam.     

The effect of immigrant generation and duration on self-rated health among US adults 2003–2007

Global self-rated health (SRH) is increasingly a key indicator in the assessment of immigrant health. However, evidence of the impact on SRH of generational status, duration of residence in the US, and socioeconomic status (SES) among immigrants and their offspring is limited and inconsistent. We overcome limitations in existing research on this topic by using a uniquely large and diverse data source, the March Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey (CPS; 2003–2007) (n = 637,209). As a result, we are able to disaggregate results by race/ethnicity, account for country of origin, and consider the role of multiple dimensions of SES. We find that overall first-generation immigrants in the US have lower odds of poor/fair SRH compared to the third-generation. This association is particularly strong for blacks and Hispanics but not significant for Asians. Among first-generation Asians and Hispanics, longer duration of residence is positively associated with poor/fair SRH. Finally, socioeconomic gradients in SRH tend to be less pronounced among the first-generation (versus the third) and, within the first-generation, among recent arrivals (versus those with longer durations). Our results highlight the importance of explicitly accounting for multiple immigration-related variables and their interactions with race/ethnicity and SES. Otherwise, studies may misestimate SRH differences by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. The continued growth of the US immigrant population and the second-generation underscore the need to examine patterns in immigrant health systematically.     

The immigration effect on obesity and overweight in Israeli Jewish male adolescents born 1970–1993

PurposeThe aim of the study was to assess the relationship between age of arrival of male pediatric immigrant populations in Israel and their risk for subsequent high-weight morbidity at adolescence.MethodsThe study analyzed a pooled cross section of 89,744 foreign-born male Jewish study participants, who were born in the former Soviet Union or Ethiopia (1970–1993) and immigrated in childhood to Israel. Each participant's body mass index was measured at approximately 17 years of age. Odds ratios were calculated for obesity and overweight according to age on arrival to Israel. A total of 52,503 Israel-born participants with origins in those same countries were measured at the same age and used as references. A total of 52,258 native Israelis without known immigrating ancestry were also used for comparison. The risk stratification accounted for possible socio-demographic confounders and birth year.ResultsForeign-born immigrants had decreased risk for obesity and overweight relative to Israeli-born immigrants when measured at the age of 17 years. However, those who arrived in Israel during infancy and early childhood (before the age of 3 years) had greater risk for high weight compared with those immigrating during late childhood and adolescence.ConclusionsAlthough generally protective against obesity and overweight relative to native, these beneficial effects of immigration are diminished for those arriving in early childhood rather than later in adolescence.     

Age-specific trends in health-related quality of life among US adults: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2016

Quality of Life Research - Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important indicator of population health, yet no age-specific trend analyses in HRQoL have been conducted with a nationally...