Effect of dietary iodine on autoimmune thyroiditis in the BB Wistar rats

Diabetes-prone BB Wistar rats were fed a modified AIN-76 diet providing the following amounts of iodine for 10 wk: 0.2 mg/kg diet (recommended amount); 1.0 mg/kg; 2.0 mg/kg; or 3.0 mg/kg. The thyroids were examined for gross and microscopic changes and sera were assayed for antibodies to triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroglobulin (Tg). The body weights and food consumption of the rats fed 0.2 mg of iodine/kg were significantly lower than those of the animals fed higher amounts. Urinary iodine excretion reflected dietary intakes. The thyroids from animals fed 2.0 and 3.0 mg/kg were significantly (P less than 0.01) larger than those from animals fed 0.2 mg/kg. One rat fed 0.2 mg/kg and 2 rats in each group fed 2.0 and 3.0 mg/kg had extensive lymphocytic thyroiditis. Three rats fed 1.0 mg/kg, 6 fed 2.0 mg/kg and 6 fed 3.0 mg/kg had enlarged thyroids. Two rats fed 0.2 mg/kg, 2 fed 2.0 mg/kg and 6 fed 3.0 mg/kg had detectable Tg antibodies. These data suggest that high iodine intakes increase Tg antibodies, which may be associated with an increase in autoimmune thyroiditis in these animals.     

地佐辛复合不同剂量布托啡诺用于下肢术后静脉镇痛的研究

目的比较地佐辛复合不同剂量布托啡诺用于下肢术后静脉镇痛的临床效果。方法择期骨科手术患者90例,美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄20～55岁,按随机数字表法分为A、B、C三组,每组30例,术毕按三种方案施行患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）。每组用地佐辛0．2mg／kg分别复合布托啡诺0．14,0．16,0．18mg／kg加0．9％氯化钠稀释至100ml。在术后2,4,8,12,24h观察并记录视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、Ramsay评分、PCIA给药次数、不良反应,计算出综合满意度。结果B组和C组PCIA方案能达到满意的镇痛效果,B、C组在术后4,8,12hVAS和Ramsay评分均优于A组（P〈0．05）,A组在术后4,8h按压PCIA次数多于B、C组（P〈0．01）,C组嗜睡人数多于A组和B组。B、C组满意度高于A组（P〈0．01）。结论地佐辛0．2mg／kg复合布托啡诺0．16mg／kg可以较好地用于下肢术后静脉镇痛。     

三磷酸腺苷静脉注射治疗阵发性室上性心动过速37例临床观察

目的探讨三磷酸腺苷（ATP）终止阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）的有效剂量、有效性和安全性。方法选择在本院门诊及住院治疗的阵发性室上性心动过速患者37例,以三磷酸腺苷初始剂量0.2 mg/kg不稀释弹丸式快速静脉推注,如无效,5分钟后再以0.3 mg/kg同样方法应用。结果应用ATP初始剂量0.2 mg/kg后,36例阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）复律成功;另一例于0.3 mg/kg再用后复律,总成功率100%,室上速平均终止时间（36.2±15.7）秒。不良反应有胸闷（59.4%）,头昏（40.5%）,窦性停搏（13.5%）,室性异搏（10.8%）,Ⅱ°及以上房室传导阻滞（8.1%）,呼吸困难（5.4%）,无晕厥及死亡病例,且反应轻微均为一过性。结论三磷酸腺苷静脉注射终止阵发性室上性心动过速疗效好且可重复应用,价廉易得,且安全性高。     

不同硒水平饲料对大鼠肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和脱碘酶活性的影响

为了解不同饲料硒水平对大鼠肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和脱碘酶活性的影响及确定它们发挥最佳活性时的最低饲料硒水平。５４只体重为５０～６０ｇ的雄性断孔Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分成９组，分别喂以９种含硒水平为０．０１，０．０２，０．０３，０．０４，０．０５，０．０６，０．１，０．２和５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的不同饲料。实验持续２０周。９组动物２０周的体重增长除５ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料组与０．１、０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料组之间有差异外，其余均没有显著性差异。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性随着饲料硒水平的升高而升高，当饲料硒含量为０．１，０．２和５ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料时，活性达到最高。因此它发挥正常活性范围的最低饲料硒需要量为０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ。９个组脱碘酶的活性（ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ．ｇ）在０．０５至０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料时活性最高，在５ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料时酶活性降低，发挥最佳活性最低饲料硒需要量为０．０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

朱砂与氯化汞、硫化汞神经及肾毒性的比较研究

[目的]比较氯化汞、硫化汞以及朱砂对大鼠学习记忆行为以及肾脏功能的影响,探讨朱砂与其他两种汞化合物在引起神经毒性以及肾毒性方面的异同. [方法]连续30 d经口灌胃给予大鼠氯化汞(0.2 mg/kg;1 mg/kg;5 mg/kg)、硫化汞(10 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg;1 000 mg/kg)和朱砂(10 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg;1 000 mg/kg),通过Morris水迷宫以及穿梭箱实验观察大鼠空间以及事件性学习记忆行为的变化,同时通过测定血清肌酐以及尿素氮观察肾脏功能的变化. [结果]大鼠连续30 d经口摄入1 000 mg/kg的朱砂影响大鼠事件性学习记忆行为,表现为主动回避次数减少(P＜0.05),被电击次数以及逃避潜伏期显著增加(P＜0.05),但氯化汞和硫化汞各剂量均朱观察到显著的改变.氯化汞5 mg/kg组由于影响蛋白质代谢而使血清肌酐和尿素氮有明显降低,朱砂和硫化汞诱导的肾损伤标志物的变化与氯化汞类似.[结论]朱砂可以导致大鼠事件性学习记忆行为改变,其肾脏毒性可能与氯化汞具有类似机制.3种形式的汞化合物均没有影响大鼠的空间性记忆.     

PRIOR EXPOSURE TO MK-801 SENSITIZES RATS TO ETHANOL-INDUCED CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION

Pretreatment with an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist,dizocilpine [(+)MK-801; six daily injections of 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg,i.p.] significantly enhanced subsequent 1.5 g/kg ethanol-inducedconditioned taste aversion (CTA). In a control experiment, dizocilpine(0.05–0.2 mg/kg) produced only a marginal CTA. Thus, pre-exposureto low, non-aversive doses of MK-801 may sensitize rats to theaversive stimulus effects of ethanol.     

硒激活Nrf2对镉致小鼠肝脏氧化损伤保护作用的研究

摘要:目的　研究硒对镉暴露小鼠肝脏转录因子（Nrf2）表达的影响及其保护作用的机制。方法　60只ICR小鼠随机分为5组,对照组采用去离子水灌胃（10 ml/kg）,镉暴露组用氯化镉（7 mg/kg）灌胃,硒处理组分别采用不同浓度的亚硒酸钠（0.05、0.1、0.2 mg/kg）灌胃后用氯化镉（7 mg/kg）灌胃,30 d后颈椎脱臼处死。光镜下观察肝脏形态学变化,测定血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、活性氧（ROS）,蛋白印迹法（Western blot）检测肝脏Nrf2表达水平。结果　光镜观察镉暴露组小鼠肝脏结构形态有明显损伤,而硒处理组（0.2 mg/kg）小鼠肝脏形态损伤不明显。镉暴露组AST、ALT、MDA、ROS均高于对照组,有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,硒处理组（0.2 mg/kg）AST、MDA、ROS低于单独镉暴露组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。镉暴露组和硒处理组肝脏Nrf2的表达量均高于对照组,其中硒处理组Nrf2（0.1、0.2 mg/kg）的表达量明显高于镉暴露组（P＜0.05）。结论　硒可通过抑制ROS和上调Nrf2蛋白表达,对镉暴露小鼠肝脏的氧化损伤具有保护作用。     

On the content of arsenic, lead, copper, zinc, tin and iron in bottled fruit, strained fruit pulp and bottled jam produced in Poland

One hundred and fifty-three samples of bottled fruit, strained fruit pulps and jams contained in glass jars were analysed for heavy metals. All arsenic concentrations were less than the limit of detection of 0.04 mg/kg as were all tin concentrations for which the limit of detection was 8 mg/kg. The concentrations of the lead were all below 0.2 mg/kg for bottled fruit and 0.3 mg/kg for stained pulps and jams. In bottled fruit 98% of samples contained less than 3 mg/kg of copper, 98% less than 5 mg/kg of zinc and 97% less than 10 mg/kg of iron. In strained pulps all samples contained less than 2 mg/kg of copper and less than 5 mg/kg of zinc, 41% of samples contained less than 20 mg/kg of iron. In jams all samples contained less than 2 mg/kg of copper and less than 5 mg/kg of zinc, 96% samples contained less than 20 mg/kg of iron.     

硼卡钠对辐射损伤小鼠的抗氧化作用

目的 研究硼卡钠(BSH)对辐射损伤小鼠的抗氧化作用,探讨硼卡钠辐射防护作用的抗氧化机制。方法 将BALB/c小鼠按体重随机分为正常对照组、照射对照组、阳性药组(WR2721,200 mg/kg)、BSH低剂量组(20mg/kg)、BSH中剂量组(40 mg/kg)、BSH高剂量组(80 mg/kg),每组7只。各组动物腹腔注射,给药体积均为0.2 ml/20g;正常对照组和照射对照组给予生理盐水;阳性药组照射前连续给药2d,每天1次,其余各组照射前24h给药1次。用⁶⁰Co γ射线对小鼠进行一次性全身照射,照射剂量为6 Gy,剂量率为0.8 Gy/min。照射后第14天采集小鼠外周血并分离血清,分别检测血清SOD活性和MDA含量。结果 BSH低、中、高剂量组小鼠外周血血清SOD活性均显著高于照射对照组(P < 0.05);血清MDA值,低剂量组显著低于照射对照组(P < 0.05),中、高剂量组非常显著低于照射对照组(P < 0.01)。结论 BSH具有显著的抗氧化作用,提示BSH的抗氧化能力是其抗辐射作用的机理之一。     

对苯二胺对小鼠骨髓细胞致突变的影响

[目的]探讨对苯二胺(PPD)对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)致突变的影响。[方法]选择健康的昆明种小鼠50只,随机分为5组,每组10只。PPD高剂量组(215.00mg/kg),次高剂量组(107.50mg/kg),中剂量组(53.75 mg/kg),低剂量组(26.88mg/kg),采用腹腔注射0.2ml法染毒,每天1次,连续2d;给对照组注射生理盐水0.2ml。染毒后,测定并计算小鼠PCE的微核率;用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE)测定骨髓细胞的彗星细胞数和彗尾长度。[结果] PPD可致小鼠PCE微核率明显增加,引起拖尾细胞数相应增加。且都存在剂量-反应关系。[结论]PPD对小鼠PCE具有较强的致突变性。     

纳米硒对肉鸡生长和抗氧化的影响

目的:研究纳米硒和亚硒酸钠对肉鸡生长和抗氧化的影响。方法:岭南黄雌雄混合雏780羽按试验要求分为13组,每组4个重复,每个重复15羽。将纳米硒和亚硒酸钠两种硒源分别以0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、1.0mg/kg六个硒水平添加到基础日粮中,配制成12种试验日粮,基础日粮作对照。结果:(1)亚硒酸钠在0.2～0.5mg/kg添加水平肉鸡生长处于高峰平台,1.0mg/kg硒添加水平肉鸡生长显著低于0.2～0.4mg/kg硒添加水平。纳米硒添加1.0mg/kg,肉鸡生长仍然保持在高峰平台。硒添加浓度在0.1～0.3mg/kg时,亚硒酸钠和纳米硒对肉鸡生长无显著差异;硒添加浓度在0.4～1.0mg/kg时,纳米硒组肉鸡生长显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05)。(2)硒添加浓度在0.1～0.4mg/kg时,两种硒对GSH-Px活性和全血硒无显著差异(P>0.05);在0.5和1.0mg/kg硒水平上,纳米硒组GSH-Px活性和全血硒显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05)。(3)硒添加浓度在0.1～0.3mg/kg时,两种硒源对T-AOC、MDA和活性氧的影响无显著差异;硒浓度在0.4～1.0mg/kg硒时,纳米硒组T-AOC显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05),MDA和活性氧显著低于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05)。结论:纳米硒用于肉鸡的Weinberg剂量-效应的最适剂量范围宽于亚硒酸钠,高剂量添加时比亚硒酸钠具有更强的营养生物学作用,对肉鸡的安全性更高。     

The dietary requirement of juvenile grass shrimp (Penaeus monodon) for vitamin D

Two 8-wk experiments were conducted to determine the adequate level of dietary vitamin D for juvenile grass shrimp (Penaeus monodon). In Experiment 1, purified diets with six levels (0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 and 62.5 mg/kg diet) of supplemental ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol were fed to P. monodon (mean weight 0.19 +/- 0.02 g). In Experiment 2, we used 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg of supplemental cholecalciferol in basal diet fed to the shrimp (mean weight 0.25 +/- 0.03 g). In both experiments, shrimp fed vitamin D-deficient diets grew poorly. In Experiment 1, poorer growth performance was observed in shrimp fed diets containing ergocalciferol compared with those fed the diets containing cholecalciferol. In Experiment 2, weight gain was highest in shrimp fed the diet supplemented with 0.2 mg cholecalciferol/kg diet, followed by the groups fed 0.1 mg/kg, then 0.3 mg/kg, 0.05 and 0.6 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and finally the unsupplemented control group. The differences among these groups were significant (P < 0.05). The feed efficiency ratio and alkaline phosphatase activity generally followed the same pattern as the weight gain. Analysis by brokenline regression of weight gain and alkaline phosphatase activity of the shrimp in Experiment 2 indicated that the adequate dietary cholecalciferol concentration for growing P. monodon is approximately 0.1 mg/kg.     

口服米索前列醇不良反应32例分析

为探讨甲醛对小鼠睾丸生殖细胞的DNA损伤及凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax蛋白在染毒小鼠睾丸细胞中的表达,分别用0．2、2、20mg／k的甲醛小鼠腹腔注射,利用单细胞凝胶电泳检测睾丸生殖细胞的DNA损伤,同时对睾丸生殖细胞采用免疫组化法进行bax及bcl-2蛋白染色,并结合图像分析推测bax及bcl-2的蛋白表达变化。结果显示在甲醛0．2mg／kg的浓度时小鼠生殖细胞有最明显的DNA损伤,3种浓度甲醛处理组bax蛋白表达均明显增多,而bcl-2阳性蛋白表达明显低于阴性对照组,差异有统计学意义。说明甲醛可造成机体内生殖细胞的DNA损伤,还可通过抑制bcl-2、增加bax的表达而诱导细胞凋亡,从而影响生殖细胞。     

DOES THE BLOCKADE OF OPIOID RECEPTORS INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHANOL DEPENDENCE?

We have tested whether the opioid antagonists naloxone (2 mg/kg),naltrexone (2 mg/kg) and diprenorphine (0.2 mg/kg), and theagonist morphine (4–8 mg/kg) given subcutaneously (10min before ethanol for 7 days) modify the ethanol withdrawalsyndrome (audiogenic seizures) following chronic ethanol intoxicationin rats. We found that naloxone, naltrexone and diprenorphinemodified the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. These findings donot rule out the possibility of a biochemical link between theaction of ethanol and opiates at the level of opioid receptors.     

不同产地无花果中微量元素的研究

目的:了解不同产地无花果中微量元素的含量。方法:用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定无花果中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn的含量,石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定Se、Cd、Pd的含量。结果:无花果中铜的含量在16.06～22.61 mg/kg范围内,铁的含量在7.94～38.30 mg/kg范围内,锌的含量在20.80～45.50 mg/kg范围内,锰的含量在10.99～34.33 mg/kg范围内,铅的含量在65.39～416.69μg/kg范围内,镉的含量在11.32～191.41μg/kg范围内,硒的含量在4.91～1648.80μg/kg范围内。结论:无花果中铜的含量应不得超过23mg/kg,铁的含量应不得少于7 mg/kg,锌的含量应不得少于20 mg/kg,锰的含量应不得少于10 mg/kg,铅的含量应不得超过0.5 mg/kg,镉的含量应不得超过0.2 mg/kg,硒的含量应不得少于0.4 mg/kg。     

Modulation of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase by perfluorodecanoic acid in rats: effect of dietary selenium

Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a diet containing 0.4, 0.2 or 1.0 mg of selenium (Se)/kg of diet were injected with a single dose (35 mg/kg) of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in corn oil and killed 2 wk later. Control animals were pair-fed and treated with an equal volume of vehicle. PFDA treatment significantly increased Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx) activity in liver cytosol of rats fed the 0.04 mg of Se/kg of diet but not in rats fed the other diets. The increase in liver cytosolic Se-GSHPx activity in rats fed 0.04 mg of Se/kg of diet paralleled increases in Se content and serum Se-GSHPx activity. Determination of Se-GSHPx by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that PFDA caused a decrease in Se-GSHPx protein in rats fed 0.2 or 1.0 mg of Se/kg of diet but not in rats fed 0.04 mg of Se/kg of diet. Further analysis revealed that the ratio of Se-GSHPx activity to antibody-reactive protein was increased by PFDA in all three groups. The in vitro addition of PFDA directly to the assay mixture for Se-GSHPx activity did not produce any effect. Reduced glutathione was significantly increased by PFDA treatment in all three groups. These data show that PFDA affects the Se content, Se-GSHPx activity and Se-GSHPx protein in rat liver and that the effect is dependent on the dietary/hepatic Se level.     

Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium on DNA damage in fresh and frozen tissues

To determine whether deficiencies of dietary vitamin E and Se can elevate background DNA damage, rats were fed diets deficient in or supplemented with vitamin E (30 and 200 mg/kg diet) and Se (0.2 mg/kg diet) for 8 weeks. DNA damage was measured using the Comet (single-cell electrophoresis) assay and 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in liver, kidneys, and lymphocytes. We found that a deficiency of vitamin E and/or Se for 8 weeks did not significantly increase DNA damage in freshly isolated liver, kidneys, or lymphocytes. However, deficiency of vitamin E and/or Se for 8 weeks markedly increased DNA strand breaks in frozen kidney (-80 degrees C for 72 hours) and in lymphocytes incubated overnight at 37 degrees C, both of which were effectively prevented by supplementation of Se and vitamin E. However, vitamin E at 200 mg/kg did not afford more protection than it did at 30 mg/kg). Little or no significant increase in DNA damage was found in frozen livers. These results indicate that freezing or freeze-thawing of tissues may cause oxidative damage to DNA when the tissues are deficient in a major antioxidant, and that normal levels of vitamin E (30 mg/kg diet) and Se (0.2 mg/kg diet) are sufficient to prevent the damage. Thus, our results caution against the interpretation of DNA data obtained from frozen rat tissues or cells in animal studies with dietary vitamin E or Se deficiencies.     

Effects of various dietary levels of selenium as selenite or selenomethionine on tissue selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in rats

Weanling rats were fed a basal diet or this diet plus 0.2, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg selenium (Se) as either selenite or selenomethionine (SeM). Except at the 0.2 mg/kg Se level, Se accumulated in all tissues at higher levels when SeM was fed than when selenite was given, and the magnitude of difference became more pronounced with increasing levels of dietary Se. This was particularly true for muscle and brain. Se levels in whole blood, testes, kidney and lungs were not significantly different between rats fed 0.2 mg/kg Se as selenite or as SeM, but the Se levels in liver, muscle and brain were higher in rats fed SeM. Although the tissue Se concentrations differed markedly, there were no differences in the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in tissues of rats fed SeM rather than selenite. The percentage of Se associated with GPX was lower in all tissues from rats fed SeM than in those from rats fed selenite. These results indicate that the chemical forms of dietary Se can have a marked influence on biological responses, including bioavailability of dietary Se.     

四氯化碳大鼠灌胃慢性中毒的肝脏病理组织学变化

本文介绍了四氯化碳慢性中毒实验所致的肝脏病理组织学的变化。经光镜和电镜观察的结果表明,0.2mg/kg可致大鼠肝细胞出现脂肪变性、点状坏死,肝细胞内胶原纤维蓄积和细胞间质纤维组织增生。0.02mg/kg为最大无作用剂量。     

Comparative assessment of enteral and inhaled n-butanol in laboratory animals

Enteral and inhaled n-butanol given to albino rats was tested for toxicity in 2 series of subacute 30-day toxicological experiments. Enteral and inhalant administration caused membrano-, hepato-, adrenotoxic effects, and inhalant administration produced neurotoxic ones. The threshold dose was 0.2 mg/kg, the maximum ineffective one was 0.04 mg/kg. The threshold concentration was not established in the experiment. The less than 95% confidence limits of reference points (BMDL and BMCL), which cause a 10%-increase in the frequency of adverse reactions (blood catalase induction), were 0.052 mg/kg with enteral administration and 0.18 mg/m3 (0.076 mg/kg) on inhalation. The comparative toxicity coefficient (BMDLent/BMDLinh = 0.68) for n-butanol suggests that there is no difference in toxicity on different routes of administration.