急性脑梗死患者脑白质疏松与血尿酸水平的关系

目的：探讨急性脑梗死患者脑白质疏松（LA）与血尿酸（UA）的关系。方法选择急性脑梗死患者97例,以头MRI-T2加权像评估是否有白质损害,其中有白质病变（AL）组59例,无白质病变（非LA）组38例。于48 h内进行抽血检验血尿酸水平,并分别以胆碱能通路高信号评分量表（CHIPS评分）及改良Scheltens量表对LA组进行评分。观察2组UA水平差异及UA与LA组脑白质疏松评分的关系。结果 LA组血尿酸含量（356.42±81.18）μmol/L,高于非LA组（292.97±95.98）μmol/L,2组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。血尿酸与CHIPS评分呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）,与Scheltens评分呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）。结论血尿酸水平与急性脑梗死患者的脑白质疏松有关,血尿酸水平越高,脑白质疏松程度越重。     

脑白质疏松症与脑梗死关系的临床研究

目的研究脑白质疏松症（LA）与脑梗死的临床关系。方法 124例脑梗死患者根据是否合并LA分为LA组（n=64）和非LA组（n=60）,分析2组患者的血管病危险因素,在不同阶段对两组患者的神经功能缺损程度以及认知功能进行评分并进行比较。结果高血压病史、既往脑卒中病史和心脏病病史是LA的危险因素;LA组患者发病第3、6和第9个月的神经功能缺损评分明显减少（P〈0.05）;发病初期,第6个月及以后的评分差值比较中,2组评分差值存在显著差异,LA组的MMSE评分差值明显小于非LA组（P〈0.05）。结论脑白质疏松症可加重脑梗死后期的神经功能缺损程度及认知功能障碍。     

伴腔隙性脑梗死的脑白质疏松症与糖尿病的相关性

目的:研究伴腔隙性脑梗死患者脑白质疏松症的严重程度与糖尿病的相关性。方法:选择2013年8月-2015年8月在本院神经内科住院患者,经头颅核磁确诊为腔隙性脑梗死合并脑白质疏松患者200例为研究对象,伴腔隙性脑梗死的脑白质疏松症合并糖尿病患者为试验组,伴腔隙性脑梗死的脑白质疏松症非糖尿病患者为对照组,研究两组脑白质疏松的严重程度与糖尿病的相关性。结果:试验组的白质疏松严重程度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。脑白质疏松Fazekas评分分值与糖尿病患者血糖升高呈正相关。结论:伴腔隙性脑梗死的脑白质疏松的发生与糖尿病有一定相关性。     

脑白质疏松症合并脑梗死的临床研究

目的探讨脑白质疏松症（LA）合并脑梗死的临床特点。方法根据是否合并LA,将160例脑梗死患者分为LA组76例,非LA组84例,对两组患者卒中危险因素、神经功能缺、意识障碍、死亡率进行对比分析。结果LA组的危险因素中,高血压、缺血性脑血管病史和心脏病史比非LA组高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;LA组的神经功能缺损程度评分差值明显小于非LA组（P〈0．01）;急性期LA组的意识障碍重于非LA组,在发病3个月内其改善的程度也明显差于非LA组;LA组的死亡率比非LA组明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论高血压、缺血性脑血管病史和心脏病史是LA的独立危险因素,LA合并脑梗死的预后较差。     

缺血性脑白质病的MR扩散加权成像及波谱研究

目的:通过MR扩散加权成像(DWI)及MR波谱(MRS)分析脑白质疏松症(LA)的表观扩散值(ADC)和不同代谢产物比值的变化,探讨LA中脑白质缺血过程中出现的病理、生化改变与MR功能成像改变之间的关系。方法:30例经常规MRI检查诊断为LA患者,及30例年龄相匹配正常脑白质表现的患者作为对照组,进行DWI检查,分析病变不同区域ADC值的变化,同时对LA患者进行MRS分析N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)/肌酸(Cr)、胆碱复合物(Cho)/肌酸(Cr)比值的变化,比较不同位置和不同程度病变在ADC值和代谢变化中的差异。结果:LA患者病灶区(双侧侧脑室枕角、体部旁脑白质)ADC值升高与对照组差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01),相应病灶区的NAA/Cr均值明显降低,Cho/Cr均值升高,与正常白质比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),而枕角的NAA/Cr均值低于体部,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:磁共振功能成像能够反映脑白质疏松症发展过程中的微观结构变化和局部代谢的异常。     

脑白质疏松的体素内不相干运动弥散加权成像初步研究

目的探讨应用磁共振体素内不相干运动弥散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)评价脑白质疏松患者白质微循环灌注和水分子扩散运动的价值。方法常规MRI诊断为脑白质疏松(LA)的患者20人,常规MRI检查脑白质正常的对照组10人;对比LA病灶区,LA病灶周围正常白质区和正常对照组白质区的三个参数值,包括:f值(灌注分数);D值(真性扩散系数);D*(假性扩散系数)。结果 LA患者白质病灶区对比病灶周围正常白质,f值和D值增高,具有统计学意义,D*值无明显差异。LA脑白质病灶区对比正常对照组白质,f值增高,但差异无明显统计学意义;D值增高和D*下降,差异具有统计学意义。脑白质疏松病灶周围正常白质与正常对照组白质对比,f值、D值、D*值差异无统计学意义。结论磁共振体素内不相干运动弥散加权成像能够定量评价脑白质疏松症的微观结构变化和微循环灌注的变化。     

糖尿病合并脑白质疏松症患者事件相关电位分析

目的观察糖尿病(DM)合并脑白质疏松症(LA)患者认知功能事件相关电位P300、N400的特征。方法对217例DM合并LA患者(DM合并LA组)、55例单纯DM患者(DM组)和30例健康志愿者(对照组)进行P300、N400、失配性负波(MMN)检测和简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)检查,并对结果进行比较。结果 DM组和DM合并LA组患者MMSE评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),DM合并LA组患者MMSE评分显著低于DM组(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,DM组和DM合并LA组患者事件相关电位P300、MMN和N400潜伏期显著延长(P<0.05,P<0.01),波幅显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);与DM组比较,DM合并LA组患者事件相关电位P300、MMN和N400潜伏期显著延长(P<0.01),波幅显著降低(P<0.05)。随着脑白质损害程度的加重,事件相关电位P300和N400潜伏期显著延长(P<0.01),波幅显著降低(P<0.01)。结论事件相关电位P300、N400检测可客观评价DM合并LA患者的认知功能。     

伴有脑白质疏松的腔隙性脑梗死患者危险因素分析

目的 以有症状的腔隙性脑梗死患者为对象,分析伴有和不伴有脑白质疏松(LA)患者危险因素的差异,探讨LA发生的机制.方法 经头颅MRI证实有症状的腔隙性脑梗死患者268例,分为单纯腔隙性梗死组(LI组)和伴有脑白质疏松组(LA组).对患者的性别、年龄、高血压病史、脑梗死病史等多种危险因素进行单因素分析及Logistic回归分析.结果 LI组138例(51.5%),平均年龄(63.4±11.4)岁;LA组130例(48.5%),平均年龄(71.3±8.9)岁,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).两组年龄、冠心病史、高血压病史、既往脑梗死病史、叶酸浓度[(16.1±8.4)ng/ml,(13.1±5.9)ng/ml]和纤维蛋白原水平[(3.0±0.9)g/L,(3.4±0.8)g/L]均有显著性差异.多因素回归分析最终人选模型的变量是年龄、既往脑梗死史、叶酸和高血压病史.结论 高龄、高血压病史、脑梗死病史和低血浆叶酸浓度对于有症状的腔隙性脑梗死患者是否伴发LA有独立的提示作用,纤维蛋白原可能通过与其他因素一起在LA的形成中发挥作用.     

脑小血管疾病患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平的临床研究

目的:探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与脑小血管疾病(SVD)的关系,了解SVD的危险因素。方法:腔隙性脑梗死患者(LI)96例,根椐腔隙数目分为单发性腔梗组(SLI)和多发性腔梗组(MLI),根据脑白质疏松(LA)有无分为LA组和无LA组;大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(AI)组患者78例和对照组35例,比较各组之间的患者tHcy水平,评价tHcy水平和LI的传统危险因素的关系。结果:脑梗死患者血清tHcy水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),LI组与AI组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);MLI组患者tHcy水平高于SLI,LA组患者则高于无LA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。LI患者tHcy水平与传统危险因素等各指标无相关性。经多因素logistic回归和ROC曲线分析,tHcy(OR=1.335,Az=0.882)是LI的较强的预测指标,同时tHcy(OR=1.063)也是脑白质疏松症的危险因素。结论:高tHcy与LI及其脑白质疏松症有关,是SVD的一个重要的危险因素,至于Hcy在SVD的致病机制有待于进一步研究。     

脑白质疏松(LA)对脑梗死预后影响研究

目的:探讨脑白质疏松(LA)对于脑梗死患者临床预后的影响。方法:脑梗死患者86例根据是否合并LA分为两组:伴LA为(LA+组,31例),不伴LA为(LA-组,55例),比较两组的临床预后。结果:LA+组的≥2个梗死灶率显著高于LA-组(38.71%vs5.45%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);A+组的死亡率与LA-组无显著性差异(P0.05),但LA+组再发脑卒中率显著高于LA-组(38.71%vs14.55%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后6个月,LA+组的CCS评分显著高于LA-组,而MMSE及BI评分显著低于LA+组(P0.05)。结论:脑梗死合并LA时将增加复发风险,且将明显影响临床预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.