Poly I∶C刺激对裸鼹鼠体内自噬水平的影响

目的 研究多聚肌苷-多聚胞苷酸钠盐（Poly I∶C）对裸鼹鼠自噬水平的影响.方法 成年裸鼹鼠以及C57BL/6小鼠分别随机分成Poly I∶C给药组和对照组,分别腹腔注射Poly I∶C和生理盐水.Poly I∶C给药12h后,组织切片HE染色观察小肠组织的病理变化,电镜观察细胞结构的变化,实时定量PCR检测小肠组织中炎症相关因子IL-1、ATG5的mRNA表达情况,蛋白印迹检测小肠组织中自噬相关蛋白LC3B、Beclin 1表达情况.结果 Poly I∶C给药后,裸鼹鼠小肠组织未出现显著的病理变化,但C57BL/6小鼠小肠组织腺体部出现广泛性出血;电镜观察发现,裸鼹鼠小肠组织细胞中线粒体增多、变长,自噬体数量显著增加,而小鼠组织细胞线粒体有大量的空泡化,滑面内质网扩张;实时定量PCR检测未发现组织中IL-1、ATG5 mRNA表达有显著变化;蛋白印迹检测发现,给药后裸鼹鼠组织中LC3B蛋白表达显著上调（P＜0.05）,而C57BL/6小鼠则下调（P＜0.05）.结论 Poly I∶C给药引起裸鼹鼠自噬水平上调,同时,裸鼹鼠自噬水平的上调亦可以提高机体的适应能力,进而起到抵抗Poly I∶C损伤的作用.     

抑癌基因p53在裸鼹鼠不同组织中表达水平的差异

目的 比较裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠组织中抑癌基因p53表达的差异,并分析p53基因在不同年龄裸鼹鼠不同组织中表达水平的差异.方法 采用Western blotting检测新生裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠肝脏、肺脏、脑、肾脏中p53蛋白的表达,进一步比较了不同年龄裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏、脑、肠道中p53蛋白的表达,同时采用RT-PCR检测了裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏中p53基因的转录水平.以及低氧处理裸鼹鼠皮肤成纤维细胞中p53基因的表达水平.结果 新生裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏、脑、肾脏组织中p53蛋白的表达低于新生C57BL/6J小鼠组织,成年裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏组织中p53蛋白表达量亦显著高于幼年裸鼹鼠.裸鼹鼠成纤维细胞在低氧条件下p53蛋白的表达量较高,并且随着低氧处理时间的延长,表达量进一步升高.结论 新生裸鼹鼠组织中抑癌基因p53表达水平显著低于C57BL/6J小鼠,并且p53基因随着年龄增长而发生变化.     

氯化钴诱导低氧对裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的 比较研究氯化钴(CoCl2)对裸鼹鼠及C57BL/6J小鼠肝星形细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.方法 采用活细胞计数试剂盒(CCK8)法和流式细胞术分别检测不同浓度CoCl2对裸鼹鼠和小鼠肝星形细胞增殖活力以及和凋亡水平的影响.采用蛋白印迹测定CoCl2处理后裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)和凋亡相关蛋白(BCL2、BAX)的表达水平.结果 低浓度(50 μtmol/L)CoCl2对C57BL/6j、鼠肝星形细胞增殖活性具有明显的抑制作用,并能显著提高其凋亡率,然而同样剂量的CoCl2能够显著提高裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞的增值活性,对细胞凋亡率亦无明显影响.高剂量CoCl2(＞200 μtmol/L)虽能导致裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞增殖活力的降低,及凋亡率的升高,但裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞的变化幅度明显小于小鼠.同时CoCl2处理后,裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞HIF-1α的表达或累积显著升高(P＜0.05),BCL2/BAX比率显著上调(P＜0.05).结论 与C57BL/6J小鼠相比,裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞具有更强的抵抗CoCl2引起的化学性低氧损伤的能力.同时HIF-1α可能参与调控裸鼹鼠抵抗化学性低氧环境造成的损伤.     

裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠肾脏组织结构及超微结构比较

目的 比较新型实验动物裸鼹鼠与常用啮齿类实验动物小鼠肾脏的组织结构和超微结构的差异.方法 采用成年裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠,处死后取肾脏,制作组织标本和电镜标本,利用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察其结构.结果 与C57BL/6J小鼠比较,裸鼹鼠肾小管上皮较薄,肾脏皮、髓质内存在较多的病理性钙化灶;肾小管上皮细胞内线粒体出现扩张甚至崩解,内质网扩张明显.结论 裸鼹鼠肾脏组织在结构上与C57BL/6J小鼠存在明显差异;裸鼹鼠肾小管上皮存在渐进性病理损伤,同时也存在较强的自我修复能力.     

低氧对裸鼹鼠皮肤成纤维细胞自噬水平及凋亡的影响

目的 比较裸鼹鼠成纤维细胞常氧与低氧条件下自噬与凋亡水平.方法 分别采用低氧（3％O2）与常氧（20％ O2）培养裸鼹鼠皮肤成纤维细胞,采用Western blotting、RT-PCR等方法检测自噬相关基因Beclin1、LC3的表达,并用流式细胞术检测低氧与常氧条件下裸鼹鼠成纤维细胞凋亡水平.结果 裸鼹鼠皮肤成纤维细胞在低氧与常氧处理24 h时,LC3 Ⅱ蛋白的表达量并无明显差异,而低氧处理48 h后LC3 Ⅱ蛋白的表达量显著高于常氧组,并且裸鼹鼠成纤维细胞随着低氧培养时间的延长,LC3 Ⅱ蛋白表达升高.流式细胞术结果显现低氧处理组裸鼹鼠皮肤成纤维细胞凋亡率显著低于常氧组.结论 裸鼹鼠皮肤成纤维细胞可以通过提高自噬水平适应低氧环境,这为今后深入研究裸鼹鼠耐低氧机制提供了参考.     

B6-Co小鼠眼睑成纤维细胞生长曲线及HSP70表达研究

目的探索B6-Co小鼠与正常C57BL/6小鼠眼睑成纤维细胞增殖能力与HSP70蛋白表达的差异。方法 C57BL/6(B6)小鼠按雌雄小鼠2∶1的比例配种获取孕鼠;B6-Co小鼠按B6(雄)×B6-Co(雌)=1∶2或B6(雌)×B6-Co(雄)=2∶1比例配种获得孕鼠,取18.5 d的孕鼠腹中胚胎,再取胚胎眼睑组织培养小鼠眼睑成纤维细胞;用免疫荧光、HE染色鉴定原代细胞、观察成纤维细胞形态。根据血球计数板直接计数法观察两种细胞生长曲线的差异,用Real-time PCR和Western blot检测两种细胞中HSP70的表达量。体外构建HSP70基因si RNA干扰载体,Lipofectamin2000转染B6小鼠眼睑成纤维细胞;Real-time PCR和Western blot实验从mRNA和蛋白水平分别检测HSP70的相对表达量,测定其干扰效率;Transwell实验检测B6小鼠眼睑成纤维细胞的迁移能力。结果小鼠眼睑成纤维细胞生长曲线结果表明,B6-Co小鼠眼睑成纤维细胞增殖速度慢于B6小鼠眼睑成纤维细胞(P0.01)。B6-Co小鼠成纤维细胞中HSP70表达量远远低于B6小鼠成纤维细胞,具有显著性差异。B6小鼠眼睑成纤维细胞转染HSP70 siRNA干扰载体后,siRNA-HSP70-3干扰效率最强,mRNA和蛋白水平均被有效抑制,干扰效率高达70%(P0.05);siRNA-HSP70组在迁移能力上亦显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论 HSP70基因及蛋白表达下调影响B6-Co的成纤维细胞生长曲线,构建的siRNA-HSP70-3干扰载体能够有效抑制B6小鼠眼睑成纤维细胞中HSP70基因的表达,并显著抑制细胞迁移。HSP70可能参与成纤维细胞胚胎期发育的调控,是造成其EOB表型的重要原因之一。     

免疫抑制受体igsf9基因敲除鼠的构建以及对肿瘤生长的影响

目的 构建免疫抑制受体igsf9基因敲除小鼠模型,并探究该小鼠模型对肺癌细胞生长的影响.方法 将Cas 9 mRNA和igsf9-sg RNA显微注射到C57BL/6小鼠受精卵中,利用非同源重组修复引入突变,造成igsf9基因蛋白移码突变、功能缺失;应用PCR和测序技术进行基因型鉴定.将2×106个Lewis肺癌细胞(LL/2)皮下接种到C57BL/6-igsf9+/+和C57BL/6-igsf9-/-小鼠皮下,每3天检测肿瘤大小,绘制肿瘤生长曲线;当肿瘤体积大于2 cm3时,在麻醉状态下处死小鼠,称肿瘤质量、流式细胞仪检测肿瘤组织各免疫细胞水平.结果 igsf9基因4-9外显子区域出现了2892 bp缺失,igsf 9基因发生移码突变,提前出现终止密码子,成功构建igsf9基因敲除小鼠模型,而且该小鼠的体质量以及外周血、脾脏和骨髓中免疫细胞的比例未见明显差异.与C57BL/6-igsf9+/+小鼠相比,C57BL/6-igsf9-/-小鼠显著抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,肿瘤组织浸润,CD3+T细胞、CD3+/CD4+T细胞、CD3+/CD8+T细胞水平显著升高,B细胞、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞数量未见明显变化.结论 C57BL/6小鼠敲除igsf9基因表达能够促进肿瘤组织中T细胞的浸润或激活,从而抑制肿瘤生长.     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶6调控鞭毛重组蛋白A干扰巨噬细胞自噬

目的观察组蛋白去乙酰化酶6(HDAC6)调控嗜肺军团菌鞭毛重组蛋白A(rfla A)对小鼠巨噬细胞自噬相关因子表达的影响,分析其可能的作用机制。方法采用支气管肺泡灌洗法提取C57BL/6J与HDAC6^-/-C57BL/6J两种小鼠巨噬细胞,用小鼠巨噬细胞表面标记物F4/80鉴定;纯化rfla A,CCK-8法检测其对小鼠巨噬细胞半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀),筛选最佳作用浓度用于后续实验;rfla A分别干预C57BL/6J及HDAC6^-/-C57BL/6J小鼠巨噬细胞6、12和24 h,RT-q PCR、Western blot及免疫荧光检测各组自噬相关因子自噬效应蛋白1(Beclin1)、自噬相关蛋白5(ATG5)、自噬微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3)、SQSTM1蛋白(P62)的表达水平。结果根据CCK-8结果计算,IC₅₀为0.41μg·μL^-1,最佳作用浓度为0.041μg·μL^-1用于后续实验;RT-q PCR、Western blot、免疫荧光结果显示...     

EB1在小鼠神经系统中表达和功能

目的 探讨微管末端结合蛋白1(end-binding protein 1,EBl)在小鼠神经系统中表达分布以及在细胞自噬蛋白降解通路中的作用。方法 以1.5月龄C57BL/6J野生型小鼠为材料,使用蛋白质印迹法检测EB1在小鼠眼、脑、脊髓和坐骨神经中的表达情况。以小鼠成纤维细胞为材料,使用免疫荧光和激光共聚焦显微镜技术检测EB1在小鼠成纤维细胞中表达和定位。以HEK293细胞为材料,使用siRNA转染和Western blot法检测EB1缺失对于HEK293细胞自噬通路中关键蛋白的影响。结果微管正端示踪蛋白EB1在小鼠神经系统中表达广泛,且与脊髓比较,坐骨神经中含量显著下降。小鼠成纤维细胞中EB1定位于微管正端,呈彗星样分布。HEK293细胞中敲减EB1蛋白可引起自噬通路中p62和LC3B-Ⅱ蛋白表达水平显著提高(P<0.05),而LC3B-Ⅰ蛋白含量未发生明显变化(P>0.05)。结论 EB1在神经系统广泛表达,但具有组织部位差异性。EB1聚集于微管正端,其含量下降可能通过破坏自噬小体的形成和运输引起自噬通路异常。     

裸鼹鼠与C57BL／6J小鼠骨骼肌结构与摄氧能力比较

目的分析比较裸鼹鼠与C57BL／6J小鼠的骨骼肌结构和摄氧能力。方法采集裸鼹鼠与小鼠的腓肠肌经石蜡切片苏木精-伊红染色,以及经冰冻超薄切片和染色后,然后用光学显微镜和投射电镜观察两个物种骨骼肌的形态结构;同时对骨骼肌组织进行CD34免疫组化染色,将骨骼肌匀浆后取上清用分光光度法对肌红蛋白的含量进行测定,观察两个分析两个物种摄氧能力的高低。结果裸鼹鼠骨骼肌肌原纤维比C57BL／6J小鼠粗大,而且肌块、肌束甚至肌原纤维外围都有较多结缔组织;肌细胞中线粒体数目明显大于C57BL／6J小鼠,而体积则较小,其线粒体的表面积大于C57BL／6J小鼠;骨骼肌组织中微血管密度明显大于C57BL／6J小鼠;骨骼肌中肌红蛋白的含量是C57BL／6J小鼠的1．5倍。结论裸鼹鼠骨骼肌比C57BL／6J小鼠发达和粗壮,结缔组织较C57BL／6J小鼠丰富,肌肉更为柔软和灵活;线粒体总表面积、微血管密度和肌红蛋白含量都较C57BL／6J小鼠高,其摄氧能力比后者更为强大。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.