经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术联合金属内支架植入术治疗胆管癌胆肠吻合术后梗阻性黄疸的疗效

目的：探讨经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术（PTCD）联合金属内支架植入术治疗胆管癌胆肠吻合术后梗阻性黄疸的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析24例胆管癌胆肠吻合术后梗阻性黄疸患者临床资料,采用经皮穿刺胆管引流（引流组）或经皮穿刺胆管引流术联合金属内支架植入术（联合组）治疗,比较治疗前后胆红素、肝功能变化,以及患者的生存率。结果24例手术均获得成功,低位梗阻14例中10例患者放置支架,高位胆道梗阻10例中3例放置胆道支架,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。术后患者黄疸指数和肝功能有不同程度改善,中位随访时间为120 d,随访期间经皮穿刺胆管引流组11例死亡7例,联合组13例死亡2例,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,结论 PTCD联合支架治疗胆管癌胆肠吻合术后梗阻性黄疸方法可行,低位胆道梗阻更适合胆道支架植入,与单纯PTCD相比,PTCD联合胆管支架植入对延长患者生存时间具有一定优越性。     

经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术治疗阻塞性黄疸的疗效分析

目的观察经皮肝穿刺胆管内外引流术（PTCD）治疗阻塞性黄疸的操作技术及其临床应用价值。方法对37例阻塞性黄疸患者,先行超声定位,确定合适的进针部位和进针路径,观察进针点与靶胆管的距离,确定好穿刺点后在X线引导下行PTCD术,穿刺右叶胆管26例,穿刺左叶胆管8例,同时穿刺左右叶胆管3例。结果本组37例行引流术的病人均一次手术成功,穿刺一针成功率为94%;未出现出血及胆汁性腹膜炎等并发症,术后1周胆红素明显下降。结论X线结合超声引导下PTCD是治疗阻塞性黄疸的有效方法,具有安全、简便、经济、并发症少的优点,能明显改善病人生存质量,值得推广应用。     

经皮肝穿胆道引流术临床应用分析

目的探讨经皮肝穿胆道引流术（PTCD）治疗重症胆道疾病的临床应用效果。方法回顾分析2008～2013年该院采用C臂引导下经皮肝穿刺胆道造影、胆管内外引流术,对照组采用超声引导下穿刺技术,治疗胆道梗阻性黄疸、急性感染的临床疗效分析。结果 C臂引导下PTCD术102例,穿刺并置管成功94例,成功率92%,并发症7例,发生率6%;对照组56例穿刺置管成功48例,成功率86%,并发症5例,发生率9%。结论 C臂引导下经皮肝穿胆道引流术创伤小,显效快,并发症少,对胆道梗阻性黄疸、胆道急性感染,以及晚期肿瘤的姑息性治疗方面均具有重要的临床价值。     

梗阻性黄疸介入性引流疗效观察

目前经皮穿刺胆道引流术（PTCD）已广泛应用于梗阻性黄疸的治疗，为姑息性治疗及术前胆道减压、改善肝功能，奠定良好的基础。对提高病人的生命质量，延长病人的寿命，提高手术成功率有很大的帮助。本文对15例恶性肿瘤引起的胆管梗阻行介入性经皮胆道穿刺引流术，并进行了疗效观察。现将结果报告如下：     

经ERCP或PTCD胆管支架置人治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸32例体会

目的探讨内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）或经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术（PTCD）行胆管支架置入在恶性梗阻性黄疸（MOJ）临床治疗中的优势。方法回顾性分析32例MOJ患者的临床资料,先经ER—CP途径放置胆管支架,不成功则应用PTCD放置胆管支架。结果所有患者胆管支架均置入成功,术后1周血清总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、谷氨酰转肽酶明显减低（P均〈0．05）;并发症：发生胆管炎3例、经抗生素治疗后好转,全组无一例出现胆漏、穿孔等并发症。结论经ERCP或PTCD放置胆道支架可有效治疗MOJ患者的胆管梗阻,提高治疗的安全性和有效性,可作为恶性胆道梗阻患者的首选姑息治疗方法。     

经皮胆管金属支架置入治疗高龄恶性梗阻性黄疸46例疗效分析

目的：探讨经皮肝胆管引流术（PTCD）联合胆管金属支架置入治疗高龄恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床疗效.方法：46例70岁以上的恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,在超声引下行PTCD,术后1周左右在数字减影血管造影系统下经PTCD窦道置入胆管金属支架,将体外引流转换为内引流.结果：46例患者PTCD术后血清总胆红素明显下降（P＜0.01）,肝功能明显改善（P＜0.01）,术后平均生存时间为（10.53±2.35）个月.结论：经PTCD途径联合胆管金属支架置入术是治疗高龄恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的有效方法,可改善生活质量,具有简便、安全、有效、创伤小、可反复应用等优点,可作为治疗高龄恶性梗阻性黄疸患者首选的方法.     

介入治疗对高龄梗阻性黄疸病人生活质量的影响

目的探讨经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术（PTCD）行胆道内支架植入治疗对高龄梗阻性黄疸患者生活质量的影响。方法对36例70岁以上患有恶性肿瘤合并梗阻性黄疸患者采用PTCD行胆道内支架植入术治疗及综合性护理干预,并随访生存率。结果患者治疗前皮肤黏膜重度黄染、肝功能严重损害,伴腹胀、纳差,经采用PTCD治疗1周后皮肤黏膜、巩膜黄染明显消退,腹胀缓解,肝功能逐渐恢复,食欲明显好转。随访1、2、3年生存率分别为59％、41％、12％。结论经PTCD行胆道内支架植入治疗高龄恶性梗阻性黄疸,并配合综合性护理干预,患者可明显改善黄疸及伴随症状,延长了生存期,提高了生活质量。     

PTCD联合胆道支架植入术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸40例临床观察

目的探讨经皮经肝穿刺胆道引流术（PTCD）联合胆道支架植入术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的操作技术及其临床应用价值。方法 40例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,在数字减影血管造影系统（DSA）透视下行PTCD术并行胆道支架植入术。结果胆道穿刺成功率为100%,穿刺右叶胆管19例,穿刺左叶胆管12例,左右胆管均穿刺9例,胆道支架植入28例,其中有5例行2次支架植入术,引流管留置时间最短7d,最长达10个月。术后每日胆汁引流量在100-700ml,术后2周胆红素平均下降75.4μmol/L。其中有31例患者胆红素下降至80μmol/L以下,有32例患者自觉症状有缓解。结论 PTCD联合胆道支架植入术是一种治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的有效方法,具有安全、有效、简便、可重复性等优点。     

PTCD 治疗合并感染性休克的急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的疗效及安全性分析

目的：探讨急诊超声引导下经皮经肝穿刺胆管引流术（PTCD）治疗合并感染性休克的急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎（AOSC）的疗效及安全性。方法：对我院68例急诊 PTCD 治疗的合并感染性休克的 AOSC 患者的疗效及并发症进行回顾性分析。结果：68例患者超声引导下 PTCD 穿刺成功率为100%,无严重并发症发生。62例（91.2%）患者 PTCD 置管后2-7d 感染性休克症状消失,梗阻症状明显好转,胆红素明显下降。6例（8.8%）患者住院期间死亡。其中22例患者在病情稳定后根据梗阻病因行手术治疗后疗效满意;不能手术的40例患者带管生存,带管时间1～18个月,平均8个月。结论：对合并感染性休克的 AOSC 患者进行急诊 PTCD 治疗不仅能及时退黄,同时有助于休克的改善,并且安全可行。     

PTCD和PTCS治疗老年恶性胆管梗阻

目的:探讨经皮肝穿刺胆管引流(PTCD)和经皮肝穿刺胆管支架置入(PTCS)治疗老年恶性胆管梗阻疗效。方法:120例老年恶性胆管梗阻患者随机分为研究组(PTCS)和对照组(PTCD),每组各60例。比较两组患者肝功能及生存期。结果:治疗后研究组(PTCS)患者的肝功能指标(AST、ALT、TBIL、DBIL)下降程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05);两组生存期之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:PTCS治疗老年恶性胆管梗阻的效果明显优于PTCD,可有效改善患者的肝功能。     

Saffron （Crocus sativus L.） and major depressive disorder： a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Due to safety concerns and side effects of many antidepressant medications, herbal psychopharmacology research has increased, and herbal remedies are becoming increasingly popular as alternatives to prescribed medications for the treatment of major depressive disorder （MDD）. Of these, accumulating trials reveal positive effects of the spice saffron （Crocus sativus L.） for the treatment of depression. A comprehensive and statistical review of the clinical trials examining the effects of saffron for treatment of MDD is warranted. OBJECTIVE： The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials examining the effects of saffron supplementation on symptoms of depression among participants with MDD. SEARCH STRATEGY： We conducted electronic and non-electronic searches to identify all relevant randomized, double-blind controlled trials. Reference lists of all retrieved articles were searched for relevant studies. INCLUSION CRITERIA： The criteria for study selection included the following： （1） adults （aged 18 and older） with symptoms of depression, （2） randomized controlled trial, （3） effects of saffron supplementation on depressive symptoms examined, and （4） study had either a placebo control or antidepressant comparison group. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS： Using random effects modeling procedures, we calculated weighted mean effect sizes separately for the saffron supplementation vs placebo control groups, and for the saffron supplementation vs antidepressant groups. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using the Jadad score. The computer software Comprehensive Meta- analysis 2 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS： Based on our pre-specified criteria, five randomized controlled trials （n = 2 placebo controlled trials, n = 3 antidepressant controlled trials） were included in our review. A large effect size was found for saffron supplementation vs placebo control in treating depressive symptoms （M ES = 1.62, P 〈 0.001）, revealing that saffron supplementation significantly reduced depression symptoms compared to the placebo control. A null effect size was evidenced between saffron supplementation and the antidepressant groups （M ES = -0.15） indicating that both treatments were similarly effective in reducing depression symptoms. The mean Jadad score was 5 indicating high quality of trials. CONCLUSION： Findings from clinical trials conducted to date indicate that saffron supplementation can improve symptoms of depression in adults with MDD. Larger clinical trials, conducted by research teams outside of Iran, with long-term follow-ups are needed before firm conclusions can be made regarding saffron＇s efficacy and safety for treating depressive symptoms.     

Association between intervertebral disc degeneration and disturbances of blood supply to the vertebrae

Low back pain is a common public health problem in western industrialized societies and the world as well.Studies indicate that the prevalence rate ranges to 35%, with around 10% of patients from 12% becoming chronically disabled. It also places an enormous economic burden on society. Although the exact cause of low back pain has yet to be defined, intervertebral disc degeneration is considered a major source of it. Since patients with degenerative discs are often asymptomatic, the mechanisms of it are still unclear.     

Relevance of muscle biopsy for diagnosing multifocal motor neuropathy

Multifocal motor neuropathy （MMN） is a rare,.focal,inflammatory,demyelinating disease of the peripheral nerves with pure motor involvementJ MMN is clinically characterized by slowly progressive,asymmetric,distal,upper limb predominant weakness,in the absence of sensory disturbances） Weakness is usually multifocal and connected to a distinct motor nerve,such as the musculocutaneous nerve resulting in biceps weakness,the posterior interosseus nerve resulting in finger drop,the median,ulnar,or radial nerve resulting in dexterity problems or grip weakness,or the peroneal nerve resulting in a foot drop.Onset of clinical manifestations is between 20 and 50 years of age.The prevalence of MMN is reported as 1-2 per 100 000.2 MMN is three times more frequent in men as compared to women.     

痘苗病毒天坛株的减毒与其作为疫苗载体研究进展

1痘苗病毒天坛株的历史天花是人类历史上最可怕的传染病之一。天花由天花病毒（variola virus）引起,人是该病毒的惟一宿主。人感染天花病毒后的死亡率达到30%~40%[1]。世界上公认的对天花最早的准确记录来自中国,晋代药学家葛洪于公元430年左右,在《肘后备急方》中对天花有清楚的描述[1]。     

Chinese herbal medicine Xinfeng Capsule in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis： study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND： Rheumatoid arthritis （RA）, as a common systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, affects approximately 1 in 100 individuals. Effective treatment for RA is not yet available because current research does not have a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of RA. Xinfeng Capsule, a patent Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in the treatment of RA in recent years. Despite its reported clinical efficacy, there are no large-sample, multicenter, randomized trials that support the use of Xinfeng Capsule for RA. Therefore, we designed a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of Xinfeng Capsule in the treatment of RA. METHODS AND DESIGN： This is a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial on the treatment of RA. The participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group at a ratio of 1：1. Participants in the experimental group will receive Xinfeng Capsule and a pharmaceutical placebo （imitation leflunomide）. The control group will receive leflunomide and an herbal placebo （imitation Xinfeng Capsule）. The American College of Rheumatology （ACR） Criteria for RA will be used to measure the efficacy of the Xinfeng Capsule. The primary outcome measure will be the percentage of study participants who achieve an ACR 20% response rate （ACR20）, which will be measured every 4 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes will include the ACR50 and ACR70 responses, the side effects of the medications, the Disease Activity Score 28, RA biomarkers, quality of life, and X-rays of the hands and wrists. The first four of the secondary outcomes will be measured every 4 weeks and the others will be measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. DISCUSSION： The result of this trial will help to evaluate whether Xinfeng Capsule is effective and safe in the treatment of RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION： This trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. The identifier is N CT01774877.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：八纲辨证（三）

The Chinese characters 寒 and 热, 虚, and 实 are quite common concepts in Chinese language. However in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, they are used as four principles in syndrome differentiation. In terms of translation, 寒 and 热 are very easy to understand and can be simply translated as ＂cold＂ and ＂heat＂. But the transla- tion of 虚 and 实 used to be a problem. For a quite long time in translation practice,     

Gene expression profiles of ERCC1, TYMS, RRM1, TUBB3 and EGFR in tumor tissue from non-small cell lung cancer patients

Background Personalized medicine becomes essential in lung cancer treatment, however lung-cancer-related gene expression profiles in Chinese patients remain unknown. In this study, the correlation of gene expression profiles and clinical characteristics in non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） was investigated. Methods Seventy-six Chinese patients with NSCLC were enrolled in the study to investigate mRNA expression profiles of excision repair cross complement group 1 （ERCC1）, thymidylate synthetase （TYMS）, ribonucleotide reductase （RRM1）, class Ill 13-tubulin （TUBB3）, and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） genes and their correlation with patient clinical characteristics. A novel liquidchip technology was used to detect mRNA expression levels in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor pathology samples. The relationships between gene expression and clinical characteristics were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results ERCC1 mRNA levels were higher in tumors from patients with metastatic disease than patients with non- metastatic disease （P=-0.021）, and higher in adenocarcinomas than squamous cell carcinomas （P=0.006）. Increased TUBB3 mRNA expression levels were found in patients with performance status （PS） 1 in comparison with PS 0 （P=0.049）, with poorly differentiated tumors in comparison with tumors that were moderately and well differentiated （P 〈0.000 1）, and with advanced stage in comparison with early stage disease （P 〈0.000 1）. Conclusions ERCC1 mRNA levels were higher in metastatic adenocarcinoma NSCLC; TUBB3 mRNA levels were significantly higher in poorly differentiated tumors and in advanced stage NSCLC, which indicates the poor prognosis.     

高维列联表资料的统计分析与SAS软件实现（六）

非条件logistic回归分析方法的主要算法是采用最大似然法对参数进行估计。最大似然法在大样本前提下进行参数估计是非常有效的,但当处理样本量小的数据,特别是按多个定性变量进行分层且每一层中样本量很小时,