针对性的术前访视对腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人术前焦虑及术后恢复的影响

[目的]探讨常规的术前访视和针对性的术前访视对腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）病人术前焦虑及术后恢复的影响。[方法]将100例LC病人随机分为对照组和实验组,对照组病人接受常规的术前访视,实验组病人接受针对性的术前访视。潮定术前焦虑、收缩压、脉搏,记录术后疼痛程度、使用止痛剂的次数、首次下床时间、首次排气时间及伤口拆线时间,调查病人对手术室护理工作的满意度。[结果]实验组术前焦虑程度、收缩压、脉搏低于对照组,使用止痛剂次数少于对照组,首次下床时间、首次排气时间均比对照组提前。[结论]对LC病人在术前心理需求调查的基础上实施针对性的术前访视,能更好地降低LC病人的术前焦虑,加速病人术后恢复。     

术前访视对手术病人焦虑情绪的影响

[目的]探讨手术室护士术前访视对手术病人焦虑情绪的影响.[方法] 将106例病人随机分成对照组和实验组,对照组病人实施常规护理.实验组病人在术前1 d接受手术室护士的访视,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)对两组病人进行入院时、术前两次测评.[结果] 手术室护士术前对手术病人行术前访视,可解除或减轻术前手术病人的焦虑情绪.[结论] 术前访视对术后病人的恢复起到积极作用.     

心理护理干预对消化道肿瘤手术病人的影响观察

目的 探讨心理干预方法 对消化道肿瘤手术病人术前焦虑及术后身体恢复的影响.方法 82例手术病人随机分为实验组43例(接受心理干预措施)和对照组39例(常规的术前访视),测定其术前焦虑、心率、收缩压以及与术后恢复各项指标.结果实验组手术前晚焦虑程度明显低于对照组,术后首次下床活动时间明显提前.结论采用适当的心理干预方法 在缓解病人术前焦虑,促进术后身体恢复等方面优于一般心理护理.     

术前访视宣传画册对访视效果影响的研究

[目的]探讨术前访视宣传画册在术前访视中对病人心理状态的影响。[方法]将200例择期外科手术病人随机分为对照组(100例)和实验组(100例),对照组采用常规术前访视方案(单纯语言交流);实验组在此基础上结合宣传画册进行术前访视。评估两组病人访视前后焦虑状况、血压、心率等指标,并且进行术后满意度调查。[结果]访视后焦虑评分、收缩压、舒张压、心率实验组明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]宣传画册应用于术前访视中可明显缓解手术病人术前焦虑。     

快速康复外科护理对腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人术前焦虑与术后康复的影响

[目的]探讨快速康复外科(FTS)护理对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)病人术前焦虑与术后康复的影响。[方法]将76例腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人随机分为对照组和试验组,每组38例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组实施FTS护理,比较两组病人术前晚收缩压、脉搏、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分,术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、输液时间、住院时间、并发症发生率及切口疼痛程度的差异。[结果]试验组术前收缩压、脉搏及SAS评分均低于对照组(P0.05);试验组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、输液时间、住院时间均优于对照组(P0.05),恶心、呕吐的发生率及切口疼痛程度均低于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]FTS护理有利于减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人术前焦虑,并促进其术后康复。     

两种心理干预方法对胆囊切除病人术前焦虑及术后恢复的影响

目的探讨两种不同的心理干预方法对胆囊切除手术病人术前焦虑及术后身体恢复的影响.方法62例胆囊切除手术病人随机编入实验组(接受研究者制定的心理干预)和对照组(接受所在病区的一般心理护理),并测定其术前焦虑、心率、收缩压以及与术后身体恢复有关的各项指标.结果实验组手术前夜焦虑及术后疼痛显著低于对照组,术后首次下床活动时间和首次肠道排气时间也显著提前(P<0.05).结论本研究采用的心理干预方法在缓解术前焦虑、加速术后身体恢复等方面效果优于一般心理护理.     

两种心理干预方法对胃大部分切除术病人术前焦虑及术后恢复的影响

目的:探讨两种不同的心理干预方法对胃大部分切除术病人术前焦虑及术后身体恢复的影响。方法:62例胃大部分切除术病人随机编入实验组30例(接受研究者制订的心理干预措施)和对照组32例(接受所在病区的一般心理护理),并测定其术前焦虑、心率、收缩压以及与术后身体恢复有关的各项指标。结果:实验组手术前晚焦虑程度及术后疼痛显著低于对照组,术后首次下床活动时间和首次肛门排气时间也明显提前(P<0.05)。结论:本研究采用的心理干预方法在缓解病人术前焦虑,促进术后身体恢复等方面优于一般心理护理。     

不同术前访视方式对脑外科病人术前焦虑的影响

[目的]了解不同的术前访视方式对减轻脑外科病人术前焦虑的作用。[方法]将100例脑外科手术病人随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用多媒体图片结合语言讲解进行术前访视,对照组采用常规术前访视方法,应用状态焦虑量表（S-AI）评估两组病人访视前后焦虑情况。[结果]实验组病人访视后S-AI得分明显低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。[结论]采用多媒体图片结合语言讲解的术前访视方式比常规的术前访视方式更能有效地减轻病人的焦虑水平。     

不同术前访视方式对脑外科病人术前焦虑的影响

[目的]了解不同的术前访视方式对减轻脑外科病人术前焦虑的作用。[方法]将100例脑外科手术病人随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用多媒体图片结合语言讲解进行术前访视,对照组采用常规术前访视方法,应用状态焦虑量表(S-AI)评估两组病人访视前后焦虑情况。[结果]实验组病人访视后S-AI得分明显低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]采用多媒体图片结合语言讲解的术前访视方式比常规的术前访视方式更能有效地减轻病人的焦虑水平。     

术前访视对手术病人术前焦虑的影响

目的：探讨术前访视对手术病人术前焦虑的影响。方法：70例手术病人随机分为两组：实验组和对照组，每组各35例。实验组进行术前访视，对照组未进行术前访视。并比较两组的焦虑值、心率、血压及病人的满意度。结果：实验组焦虑值明显低于对照组（P〈0．05），实验组心率及收缩压明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：术前访视能够有利于病人顺利接受手术治疗，同时也提高了病人对手术室护理工作的满意度。     

不同术前干预对子宫切除病人术前焦虑情绪的影响

手术作为严重的负性生活事件,使病人产生不同程度的负性情绪反应,手术室作为封闭、特殊的治疗环境,神秘而恐怖,因此,手术前病人常被焦虑和恐惧情绪所困扰,尤其接台手术病人进入手术室后,常被较长时间地置于各手术间外等待区,更易发生孤独、恐惧、不安等不良情绪反应,对病人的身心健康有一定危害;且病人进入手术间后尚需进行一系列相关的术前准备工作,明显延长了手术医生等待手术的时间,对医患双方都不利.     

Communicating preoperative instructions

Effective communication is a pivotal component of pre-operative teaching. The writer will discuss the factors that may affect client learning and the importance of the nursing process in pre-operative teaching.     

手术护士术前访视评估的实践

目的:探讨手术患者评估表在手术护士术前访视中的应用,规范手术访视护理行为。方法:根据手术室实际工作经验设计手术患者术前评估表,并将评估表排版加入到术前访视表中、置于术前宣教内容之前;用规范化指导用语进行全员培训后,不同年资手术访视护士根据手术患者评估表的内容指导依次对患者进行评估。结果:通过对术前评估表应用前、后的护理质量进行效果观察。手术访视护士在对干预组的手术患者压疮风险评估、患者病情掌握、压疮发生率三个方面的护理质量均好于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:手术访视护士应用手术患者评估表进行术前访视,有效地保证了术前访视的效果,提高了手术护理质量。     

Nutritional aspects of preoperative management

The preoperative evaluation of the surgical patient should include a careful evaluation of the patient's nutritional status. A careful history and physical examination are appropriate and reliable means for evaluation of nutritional status. Patients with certain diagnoses, such as Crohn's disease or visceral malignancies, are likely to become malnourished even if they are not malnourished at the time of hospital admission. Preoperative and postoperative nutritional support, continued until the patient is able to take adequate nutrients by mouth, is an important part of the management of these patients and can improve the care and decrease the likelihood of complications.     

Timing of preoperative patient teaching

With the increasing cost of health care and the growing constraints made by third party payers, in-hospital time for preoperative teaching is quickly being reduced. Seventy-two patients attended preoperative instruction either as an inpatient the day before surgery or as an outpatient 4-8 days before surgery. Anxiety and knowledge levels were measured before and after class and the evening before surgery. No differences were found between the groups on a measure of anxiety levels. Both groups demonstrated a moderate anxiety level with no significant change over the testing period. Using the knowledge pretest as a covariate, repeated measures analysis of variance suggested the knowledge gained with the class was significantly greater for the outpatient group than the inpatient group (P = 0.018). There was also a significant positive relationship between the knowledge score and knowing someone who had cardiac surgery (t = 2.34, d.f. = 66, P = 0.022). The results suggest that it makes little difference whether patients receive information up to a week before surgery or just the day before; therefore, the more economical preadmission teaching may be the path of choice.     

Short-term preoperative smoking abstinence

Smoking produces some potentially reversible effects that may be relevant to perioperative morbidity. Although the reversal of many effects requires long-term (weeks to months) smoking cessation, a short abstinence period (12 to 72 hours) is sufficient to normalize several important cardiovascular parameters. The physiology of carbon monoxide elimination is the basis for recommending a specific smoke-free interval in the immediate preoperative period.