社区脑卒中患者照护需求的研究进展

本文综述国内外有关社区脑卒中患者照护需求的研究,分析、归类目前研究中涉及的脑卒中患者的主要需求,包括生活护理需求、专业知识需求、后遗症护理需求以及社会支持需求,并提出目前研究中可能存在的问题及未来研究的方向.     

精神科医生职业压力、职业倦怠与心理健康的关系

目的 了解精神科医生职业压力、职业倦怠与心理健康的状况并探讨其相互关系.方法 采用一般情况问卷、自编医生工作压力调查表、Maslach职业倦怠-通用版(MBI-GS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90),对216名精神科医生进行问卷调查.结果 (1)精神科医生最感压力的事件是工作负荷;除工作和家庭冲突外,其余各因子压力强度均超过中值3;在职业倦怠的3个维度中,精神科医生的情绪衰竭程度相对较高,女性医生在情绪衰竭方面显著高于男性医生(P＜0.05);与全国成人常模比较,精神科医生SCL-90各因子得分除恐怖和精神病性外均显著高于国内常模.(2)情绪衰竭与职业压力各维度,情感疏远与工作负荷及医患关系,职业效能感与医患关系,职业倦怠3个维度与SCL-90总均分均呈正相关(P＜0.05).(3)路径分析显示,职业压力和职业倦怠与心理健康间分别存在间接和直接的因果关系.结论 精神科医生职业压力比较大、职业倦怠较为严重,心理健康水平较低;职业倦怠是职业压力和心理健康之间重要的相关因素;社会及各医院管理层应给予充分关注.     

中国神经外科医生工作强度、工作压力与职业满意度的调查研究

目的了解中国神经外科医生的工作强度、工作压力、职业满意度, 为相关政策的制定提供数据支撑。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法, 抽取神经外科医生匿名在线填写问卷。分析其工作时长、工作强度、工作压力、职业满意度, 以及职业满意度与各指标的相关性。结果共收回有效问卷2 095份。调查对象中, 男性为2 050人(97.9%);年龄[M(Q1,Q3)]为39(34, 46)岁。调查对象每周总体、临床、科研工作时长的中位数分别为60、50、4 h, 每个月手术量的中位数为10台;每日睡眠时长<6 h、未休过年假、认为工作强度高、工作压力大者分别占25.7%(539/2 095)、58.5%(1 226/2 095)、81.1%(1 700/2 095)、83.4%(1 747/2 095)。对职业满意者占64.2%(1 345/2 095), 其职业满意度与每周工作总时长、工作强度感受、工作压力感受均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.13、-0.20、-0.28, 均P<0.05), 而与每个月的手术量、每日睡眠时长、休年假时长均呈正相关(r值分别为0.09、0.10、0.08, 均P<0...     

精神分裂症患者和家属社区综合康复需求的研究现状

本文对国内外有关精神分裂症社区康复服务现状、需求情况及影响因素的研究进展进行综述。     

职业延迟满足与工作满意度对军队医院护士离职意愿的影响

目的 调查军队医院护士职业延迟满足与工作满意度对离职意愿的影响.方法 应用护士一般资料调查表、职业延迟满足量表、工作满意度量表和离职倾向量表对93名军队医院在职护士进行问卷调查.结果 军队医院护士职业延迟满足、职业延迟满足特质、职业延迟满足过程为得分分别为（17.32±4.23）,（7.62±2.51）,（9.70±2.49）分,处于中等偏上水平;工作满意度总分、内在满意度、外在满意度得分分别为（72.02±10.96）,（41.53±7.15）,（30.48±4.41）分,处于低水平;离职意愿得分为（9.30±2.64）分,处于高水平.护士职业延迟满足与离职意愿呈负相关（r =-0.220,P＜0.05）,与工作满意度呈正相关（r=0.207,P＜0.05）,与外在满意度呈正相关（r=0.208,P＜0.05）;职业延迟满足能力与工作满意、内在满意度、外在满意度呈正相关（r分别为0.234,0.219,0.227;P＜0.05）;离职意愿与工作满意度、内在满意度、外在满意度呈负相关（r分别为-0.522,-0.490,-0.505;P＜0.01）.结论 军队医院护士职业延迟满足水平较高,工作满意度较低,离职意愿水平较高.军队医院护士职业延迟满足水平影响工作满意度及离职意愿.     

三本院校大学生认知需求与适应性的关系研究

目的 对三本大学生认知需求和适应性的测评分析,探讨三本大学生的认知需求和适应性的基本特点,适应性与认知需求的关系以及认知需求对适应性的影响模式.方法 采用大学生认知需求量表、大学生适应性量表对765例三本院校大学生施测.结果 (1)三本院校男生的认知需求高于女生,城市学生的认知需求显著低于农村学生,家庭贫困学生的认知需求高于家庭富裕和一般的学生;(2)认知需求、性别、生源地、家庭富裕程度都是影响适应性的因素,并随着年级表现出不同的特点;(3)三本院校大学生的认知需求、适应性相关显著.家庭经济状况、年级、性别、生源地均能显著预测适应性.结论 认知需求能够显著预测适应性;性别和生源地是认知需求与适应性的调节变量.     

社区患者血糖水平与卒中严重程度及预后的关系

目的 探讨社区2型糖尿病合并卒中患者病情及转归与血糖（Glucose,Glu）水平关系。 方法 收集社区120例2型糖尿病合并卒中患者,根据入院时血糖水平分为3组：7.8mmol/L≤Glu≤11.1mmol/L组41例,11.1mmol/L16.7mmol/L组45例,观察分析患者血糖水平与病情轻重程度及预后的关系。 结果 11.1mmol/L16.7mmol/L组较11.1mmol/L相似文献   

对严重精神障碍患者开展基于个人安置和支持的职业康复模式服务的SWOT分析

职业康复是严重精神障碍患者整体康复的重要组成部分,现利用SWOT分析法,在识别我国开展基于个人安置和就业支持的职业康复模式的内部环境优势和劣势、外部环境的机会和威胁等因素的基础上,利用SWOT策略分析矩阵组合进行系统分析,提出相应发展策略,即通过加强顶层制度设计,强化社区卫生服务,鼓励社会力量参与,强化公众认识;重视人才培养,建立评价体系,完善激励补偿机制,建立信息交流平台等措施,为开展严重精神障碍患者支持性职业康复服务提供保障。     

护士职业紧张、心理资本和失眠的关系：心理资本的中介作用

目的 探讨护士职业紧张、心理资本和失眠的关系,并检验心理资本在护士职业紧张与失眠之间的中介作用。方法 于2021年3月-5月,采用分层随机抽样法选取某三甲医院的810名护士为研究对象。采用付出-回报失衡问卷（ERI）、心理资本量表（PCQ）和阿森斯失眠量表（AIS）分别评定护士的职业紧张、心理资本和失眠情况,采用PROCESS中介效应检验分析心理资本在护士职业紧张与失眠之间的中介作用。结果 回收有效问卷658份（81.23%）,护士付出-回报比与AIS评分呈正相关（r=0.379,P?0.01）,与PCQ评分呈负相关（r=-0.275,P?0.01）;PCQ评分与AIS评分呈负相关（r=-0.402,P?0.01）。护士职业紧张可以负向预测心理资本（β=-11.024,t=-7.324,P<0.01）以及正向预测失眠（β=4.117,t=10.478,P<0.01）;心理资本可负向预测失眠（β=-0.087,t=-9.083,P<0.01）。当心理资本作为中介变量加入时,职业紧张对失眠的预测作用有统计学意义（β=3.158,t=8.185,P<0.01）。结论 心理资本在护士职业紧张和失眠之间起部分中介作用。     

长春地区护理人员工作压力与原发性头痛的关系

目的 了解护理人员压力与原发性头痛之间的联系,以及应对这种头痛的方法。方法 采用半结构化问卷对吉林长春一家三甲教学医院的225名护理人员进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究。测量了32个项目,包括基本信息、头痛和压力相关问题、工作满意度和应对策略。根据国际头痛协会（IHS）标准,患有偏头痛或发作性紧张性头痛（每月发作<15 d）的头痛患者被纳入分析。统计分析采用Student’s t检验、单因素方差分析（ANOVA）和卡方检验。结果 210名应答者中有103人（48.9%）在前一年经历过原发性头痛,98人（46.7%）经历过发作性头痛（<15 d/月）。对后一组患者进行的仔细的神经病学访谈显示,56人（26.5%）患有偏头痛,28人（13.3%）患有紧张性头痛,11人（5.2%）为偏头痛和紧张性头痛混合型,4人（1.9%）为其他头痛原因。患者和非头痛患者之间没有人口统计学差异,尽管在自我报告的压力来源方面存在统计学显著差异（个体P值范围从0.021到<0.001）。头痛患者在工作中的压力比非头痛患者大（P<0.001）。护理人员中最年轻、经验最少的人、未婚者和受教育程...     

精神科护士职业倦怠与工作压力的相关性

目的了解精神科护士职业倦怠和工作压力的现状,并探讨两者的关系,为认识工作压力和降低职业倦怠感、提高护士的工作效率及护理质量提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法抽取广州市某三甲精神病专科医院的137名护士,采用护士工作压力源量表、Maslach职业倦怠问卷通用版(MBI-GS)进行调查。结果共67名精神科护士检出职业倦怠,检出率为48.91%。从各维度的检出情况看,情感耗竭维度检出率最高,有56人(40.88%),其次为低成就感47人(34.31%)和人格解体45人(32.85%),情感耗竭评分[(22.80±13.68)分]和成就感评分[(29.04±1.22)分]均高于常模,差异均有统计学意义(t=12.54、3.23,P均0.05);工作压力的各子条目评分为(3.04±1.09)分,为中等压力水平。护士工作压力与职业倦怠的情感耗竭、成就感低和人格解体三个维度评分均呈正相关(r=0.608,0.566,0.451)。结论精神科护士的职业倦怠较严重,工作压力与职业倦怠密切相关。     

职业人群工作倦怠的研究与干预

1 职业倦怠定义 职业倦怠又叫工作倦怠, 最早出现于1974年,由临床心理学家Freudenberger[1]作为一个术语,专指服务于助人行业中的个体在面对过度工作要求时所产生的身体和情绪的极度耗损状态.     

Mental health,burnout and job satisfaction among professionals in sheltered living in Flanders

BACKGROUND: Interest has been growing over the last few years in the working conditions of professionals who deal with clients with severe and chronic mental illnesses. In this study, the relationship between the affective climate, as measured by the construct of expressed emotion, and professionals' feelings of well-being and burnout was investigated. It was hypothesised that high expressed emotion (EE) (= a high amount of criticism, hostility or emotional overinvolvement) would be related to high burnout scores. METHODS: Fifty-six professionals were interviewed about their schizophrenic clients who resided in sheltered-living houses in Flanders. EE was measured with two instruments, the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) and the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS). The professionals' characteristics were mental health (Symptom Checklist, SCL-90), job satisfaction (VEVAK), and burnout (a Dutch version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, UBOS-C). RESULTS: Little indication was found for an association between EE and working conditions as measured with the CFI. For the PCS, a significant relationship was found between the resident version of the PCS and burnout. The professionals who were perceived by the residents as being very critical were less depersonalised and less emotionally exhausted than those who were not so perceived. CONCLUSIONS: High EE relationships can exist without feelings of stress and burnout.     

Stress,burnout, and job dissatisfaction in mental health workers

As the industrial world has transformed toward a service economy, a particular interest has developed in mental health problems at the workplace. The risk for burnout is significantly increased in certain occupations, notably for health care workers. Beyond the effects of an extensive workload, many working hours, or long night shifts, the medical field has specific stressors. Physicians work in emotionally demanding environments with patients, families, or other medical staff. They must make quick decisions while faced with a quite frequent information overload. All of these stressors have to be weighed against a rapidly changing organizational context within medicine. Today, economics objectives have priority over medical values in health care. In principal, mental health workers should experience similar work stressors and the same contextual factors as health professionals from other medical disciplines. However, several studies have identified stressors that are unique to the psychiatric profession. These challenges range from the stigma of this profession, to particularly demanding relationships with patients and difficult interactions with other mental health professionals as part of multidisciplinary teams to personal threats from violent patients. Other sources of stress are a lack of positive feedback, low pay, and a poor work environment. Finally, patient suicide is a major stressor, upon which a majority of mental health workers report post-traumatic stress symptoms.

     

Music therapists’ job satisfaction,collective self-esteem,and burnout

General references show that the type of professional identity known as collective self-esteem could be an important factor in professionals’ job satisfaction and burnout. However, little attention has been paid to identifying the interactions of these three variables in music therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between music therapists’ job satisfaction, collective self-esteem, and burnout. Specifically, this paper emphasizes the role of collective self-esteem as a mediator between music therapists’ job satisfaction and burnout. Ninety professional music therapists in Korea participated in this study. The Korean Music Therapists’ Job Satisfaction Scale, the Collective Self-Esteem Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure music therapists’ job satisfaction, collective self-esteem, and burnout, respectively.     

Job stress,burnout, and job satisfaction in sleep apnea patients

ObjectiveTo assess job stress, burnout, and job satisfaction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).MethodsA total of 182 patients with OSAS and 71 healthy individuals completed the Job Content Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey, the Index of Job Satisfaction, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. All participants were assessed with full-night polysomnography.ResultsSurvey scores of patients diagnosed with OSAS only differed from those of the control group in the emotional exhaustion dimension (P = 0.015). According to a multivariate analysis, the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was only correlated with perceived support at work (β coefficient = 0.142; P = 0.048). Associations were found between subjective sleep quality, perceived support from coworkers, and supervisors (β = 0.157; P = 0.025), psychological demands (β = 0.226; P = 0.001), emotional exhaustion (β = 0,405; P = 0.000), and cynicism (β = 0.224; P = 0.002). The study also revealed associations between excessive daytime sleepiness and the burnout dimensions emotional exhaustion (β = 0.232; P = 0.000) and cynicism (β = 0.139; P = 0.048).ConclusionObjective parameters of OSAS such as the AHI seem to have limited influence on the psychosocial aspects of the occupational life of patients with OSAS. There is evidence of significant associations between the subjective symptoms of the disease, such as daytime sleepiness, subjective sleep quality, job stress, and burnout.     

医务人员职业倦怠与工作满意度现状调查

目的调查医务人员职业倦怠与工作满意度情况。方法采用随机数字表法选取佛山市公立医院医务人员1 620名,采用职业生活质量量表(Pro QOL)、明尼苏达工作满意度问卷短式量表(MSQ)、主观幸福感量表(SHS)进行评定。结果共收集有效问卷1 423份;30≤年龄40岁的医务人员职业倦怠评分高于20≤年龄30岁者[(28.29±5.38)分vs.(27.27±5.20)分,t=-1.02,P=0.014],医生职业倦怠评分高于护士[(28.34±5.29)分vs.(27.34±5.16)分,t=-1.00,P=0.009],中级职称医务人员职业倦怠评分高于初级职称者[(28.28±5.16)分vs.(27.36±5.25)分,t=0.92,P=0.020],硕士学历者职业倦怠评分高于专科学历者[(28.49±4.96)分vs.(27.08±5.30)分,t=1.42,P=0.043],精神专科医院及口腔医院的医务人员职业倦怠评分低于其他医院医务人员[(25.39±5.00)分vs.(26.03±4.22)分,F=11.62,P0.01],而工作满意度评分[(72.98±9.52)分vs.(71.18±8.07)分,F=7.31,P0.01]和主观幸福感评分[(20.02±3.94)分vs.(20.33±3.67)分,F=5.65,P0.01)]均高于其他医院。结论 30≤年龄40岁、医生、中级职称、硕士学历的医务人员职业倦怠水平较高,精神专科医院及口腔医院医务人员职业倦怠水平较低且工作满意度和主观幸福感较高。