七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉在婴儿唇裂整复术中的应用

目的 探讨七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉在婴儿唇裂整复术中应用的可行性和安全性.方法 60例ASA Ⅰ级唇裂婴儿随机均分为七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉组(S组)和丙泊酚-芬太尼静脉麻醉组(P组).记录患儿入室后、气管插管时、手术切皮时、手术开始后30 min的HR、MAP;记录拔管时间、改良Aldrete评分达9分所需时间、单位时间维库溴铵用量、苏醒期躁动及术后恶心呕吐情况.结果 P组气管插管时HR明显快于入室后及S组(P＜0.01);S组拔管时间和改良Aldrete评分到9分的时间均明显短于P组(P＜0.01);S组苏醒期躁动例数多于P组(P＜0.05);两组患儿均无苏醒期呕吐;S组患儿的维库溴铵用量显著小于P组(P＜0.01).结论 七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉维持平稳,苏醒迅速完全,可安全用于婴儿唇裂整复手术,其不足是苏醒期躁动发生率高.     

舒芬太尼用于小儿神经外科手术麻醉的临床研究

目的观察舒芬太尼应用于小儿神经外科麻醉诱导期的血流动力学变化及术后恢复情况。方法 40例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级、择期行脑积水手术的患儿,随机均分为舒芬太尼组(S组)和芬太尼组(F组)。麻醉诱导:两组分别给予等效剂量的舒芬太尼和芬太尼复合丙泊酚、维库溴铵;麻醉维持:瑞芬太尼持续微量泵静注复合七氟醚。术毕前10 min停七氟醚,同时两组分别给予等效剂量的舒芬太尼和芬太尼。观察两组麻醉诱导前即刻(T0)、气管插管前(T1)、气管插管后2 min(T2)、5min(T3)的血流动力学变化;记录术后患儿自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间;记录拔管时(T4)、拔管后5 min(T5)、10 min(T6)的躁动(RS)评分、Ramsay镇静(RSS)评分。结果 T2、T3时F组MAP明显高于、HR明显快于T0时和S组(P<0.05)。两组苏醒期自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间差异均无统计学意义;RS评分S组低于F组,RSS评分S组高于F组(P<0.05)。结论舒芬太尼在麻醉诱导期血流动力学更稳定,并可以有效预防小儿神经外科手术苏醒期的躁动,在小儿神经外科麻醉中具有很好的临床应用价值。     

不同麻醉药物诱导用于小儿气管镜检异物取出术的比较

目的比较七氟醚、丙泊酚和氯胺酮麻醉诱导用于小儿支气管镜检异物取出术的效果。方法急诊支气管镜检异物取出术患儿30例,年龄9~58个月,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为三组:七氟醚组(S组),丙泊酚组(P组)和氯胺酮组(K组),每组10例。S组采用8%七氟醚吸入诱导;P组采用丙泊酚2.5mg/kg缓慢静脉注射诱导;K组采用氯胺酮5mg/kg肌肉注射诱导;三组诱导至意识消失后均以保留自主呼吸为准则,喉镜开口实施利多卡因咽喉部表面麻醉;术中采用靶控输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼维持麻醉,面罩吸氧后置入气管镜。记录一次置入气管镜成功率,置入气管镜前后即刻HR和SpO2,置入气管镜时间、气管镜检时间和术后苏醒时间,置入气管镜和术中不良反应发生情况。结果 S组和P组成功置入气管镜的时间、术后苏醒时间明显短于K组(P0.05);S组一次置管成功率明显高于K组(P0.05)。三组患儿不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论与丙泊酚静脉注射和氯胺酮肌肉注射麻醉诱导比较,七氟醚诱导麻醉在婴幼儿气管镜检异物取出术中具有诱导快、苏醒快等优点。     

地氟醚复合吗啡快通道麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用

目的 研究地氟醚复合吗啡快通道麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC） 的应用.方法 选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级LC 患者90 例,随机分为3 组：P 组（丙泊酚＋ 瑞芬太尼）、S 组（七氟醚＋瑞芬太尼）和D 组（地氟醚＋ 吗啡）,术前和诱导用药相同,麻醉维持：P 组静脉输注丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和顺式阿曲库铵;S 组吸入七氟醚及静脉输注瑞芬太尼,不追加顺式阿曲库铵;D 组吸入地氟醚及静脉注射吗啡,不追加顺式阿曲库铵.术中观察血流动力学波动情况和呼吸恢复、拔管、离室时间、术中知晓发生率以及苏醒期躁动评分.结果 与P 组比较,D 组和S 组的血压和心率波动例数减少（P 〈 0.05）;与P 组和S 组比较,D 组呼吸恢复、拔管、离室的时间缩短（P 〈 0.05）,苏醒期躁动的评分较高（P 〈 0.05）.3 组患者均未出现术中知晓.结论 地氟醚复合吗啡快通道麻醉应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术对血流动力学波动影响小,术后苏醒速度快、质量高.     

七氟醚在新生儿全身麻醉中的应用

目的 研究七氟醚在新生儿伞麻中的应用.方法 60例年龄1～27 d新生儿患儿随机均分为两组接受气管插管全麻:Ⅰ组使用8%七氟醚诱导、4%浓度维持;Ⅱ组采用8%七氟醚、芬太尼3 μg/kg、罗库溴铵0.5 mg/kg诱导,3%七氟醚维持.监测术前、切皮时、手术开始后15、30、60min及缝皮时的心率、血压.记录诱导至插管时间、停药至自主呼吸恢复时间和术毕至拔管时间.结果 Ⅰ组诱导至插管时间长于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),停药至自主呼吸恢复时间以及术毕至拔管时间明显短于Ⅱ组(P<0.01).与术前相比,Ⅱ组切皮时、手术开始后15 min的心率减慢、血压降低(P<0.05);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅰ组切皮时、手术开始15 min的心率明显增快、血压明显升高(P<0.05).结论 七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉较七氟醚静吸复合麻醉安全性高.     

七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼在小儿唇腭裂手术中的应用

目的:观察七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼用于小儿唇腭裂手术的麻醉诱导、维持及苏醒的临床效果.方法:40例唇腭裂患者,ASA Ⅰ级,年龄6个月至12岁,随机分成两组(n=20):S组全凭吸入七氟醚麻醉,SR组七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼.观察两组患儿术中、术后血流动力学变化.记录诱导时间、自主呼吸恢复时间以及术后拔管时间,并观察有无术后躁动等.结果:SR组术中术后血流动力学变化小于S组(p＜0.05),SR组插管时间短于S组(p＜0.05).结论:七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼用于小儿唇腭裂手术较单纯使用七氟醚血流动力学更加平稳.     

不同浓度七氟醚复合丙泊酚麻醉对肝脏部分切除术患者术后苏醒质量的影响

目的探讨两种不同浓度的七氟醚复合丙泊酚静-吸复合麻醉对肝脏部分切除术患者术后苏醒质量的影响。方法选择择期行肝脏部分切除术的患者78例,年龄20~70岁,随机分为丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉组(T组)、0.5MAC七氟醚复合丙泊酚静-吸复合麻醉组(S1组)、1.0MAC七氟醚复合丙泊酚静-吸复合麻醉组(S2组),每组26例。术毕分别记录自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间及改良Aldrete评分达到9分的时间;并于拔管后即刻(T1)、拔管后5min(T2)、15min(T3)、30min(T4)对三组患者进行改良OAA/S评分及改良Aldrete评分;记录苏醒期躁动发生情况。结果 S1、S2组丙泊酚用量明显少于T组,且S2组明显少于S1组(P0.05)。S1、S2组苏醒时间、拔管时间及改良Aldrete评分达到9分的时间明显短于T组(P0.05);S1、S2组T1、T2时改良OAA/S评分、T1时改良Aldrete评分均明显高于T组,且S2组明显高于S1组(P0.05)。结论与丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉比较,0.5MAC及1.0MAC七氟醚复合丙泊酚静-吸复合麻醉更有助于提高肝脏部分切除术患者术后的苏醒质量,且1.0MAC七氟醚复合丙泊酚静-吸复合麻醉术后苏醒时间较短。     

七氟醚静吸复合麻醉与全凭静脉麻醉用于小儿手术的比较

目的 比较七氟醚静吸复合麻醉与丙泊酚、芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用于小儿手术的临床效果.方法 60例4～14岁ASA Ⅰ级择期行外科手术的小儿,随机均分为丙泊酚、芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉组(丙泊酚组)和七氟醚静吸复合麻醉组(七氟醚组).丙泊酚组静脉麻醉诱导,静脉麻醉药物维持.七氟醚组七氟醚麻醉诱导,七氟醚麻醉维持.记录术中血流动力学变化,术后麻醉恢复情况.结果 两组诱导方法都能实现快速诱导,且丙泊酚组麻醉诱导起效更快,意识消失时间、插管时间较七氟醚组缩短(P＜0.01).而七氟醚组麻醉诱导对心率的影响更小,诱导更平稳.七氟醚组苏醒时间、拔管时间、定向力恢复时间和PACU滞留时间均短于丙泊酚组(P＜0.01).结论 七氟醚静吸复合麻醉后术中循环稳定,术后清醒迅速、平稳,可安全有效地应用于小儿手术.     

七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉用于支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术的比较

目的探讨七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉在支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术的临床效果。方法支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术患者40例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为七氟醚组（S组）与异氟醚组（Ⅰ组）,每组20例。两组静注异丙酚2mg／kg、维库溴胺0．05mg／kg,随即S组吸入8％七氟醚或Ⅰ组吸入4．5％异氟醚2min后行气管插管术,术中分别以七氟醚或异氟醚维持麻醉。监测围术期血压、心率、心电图及脉搏氧饱和度等生命体征,记录术毕自主呼吸恢复、拔管及认知恢复的时间。结果麻醉诱导后,S组与Ⅰ组平均动脉压均明显降低,心率加快（P〈0．01）;气管插管后MAP、HR均升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。七氟醚或异氟醚维持麻醉均满足手术要求,两组麻醉苏醒顺利,不良反应少,但S组自主呼吸恢复、拔管及认知恢复的时间均快于Ⅰ组（P〈0．01）。结论七氟醚或异氟醚全麻均适用于支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术,七氟醚的麻醉苏醒比异氟醚快。     

小儿腹腔镜疝环结扎术中靶控输注瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚的临床观察

目的:介绍瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉在小儿腹腔镜疝环结扎术中的优点。方法:选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级、2~13岁、择期行腹腔镜疝环结扎术的患儿60例,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组用瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚诱导和维持,对照组用芬太尼、丙泊酚诱导,丙泊酚和异氟醚维持。观察两组患者诱导及维持期血流动力学变化、气管拔管、苏醒时间及患儿拔管后呼吸困难、苏醒期躁动、术后恶心呕吐的发生率。结果:观察组围麻醉期的血流动力学较对照组平稳,气管拔管时间及苏醒时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05),术后苏醒躁动发生率明显少于对照组(P0.05)。结论:瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉起效迅速,术中平稳,苏醒快速平顺,值得在小儿腹腔镜疝环结扎术中推广应用。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.