孤独症儿童父母生活质量与睡眠的相关研究

目的探讨宁夏孤独症儿童父母的生活质量与睡眠状况。方法采用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI-74）和匹兹堡睡眠指数（PSQI）对60例孤独症儿童父母及60例正常儿童父母进行对照研究,采用t检验比较两组GQOLI-74和PSQI得分情况,并将GQOLI-74得分和PSQI得分进行相关分析。结果孤独症儿童父母的GQOLI总分及物质生活维度、心理功能维度和社会功能维度的得分均显著低于正常儿童父母;而PSQI得分则显著高于正常儿童父母。孤独症儿童父母总体生活质量及心理功能、社会功能与睡眠质量呈显著负相关。结论孤独症儿童父母的生活质量和睡眠质量均较差,应加强社会支持并积极给予心理援助和治疗。     

脑电生物反馈治疗失眠症的疗效观察

目的：观察脑电生物反馈对失眠症的治疗效果。方法：将70例失眠症患者随机分为研究组和对照组各35例，研究组进行脑电生物反馈治疗，对照组进行药物治疗，治疗前后进行匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）评定，比较两组疗效。结果：治疗后，研究组PSQI总分及睡眠潜伏期、睡眠持续性、习惯性、使用睡眠药物、睡眠紊乱、白天功能紊乱等因子分均较治疗前显著降低；与对照组比较，研究组治疗后睡眠潜伏期，睡眠持续性，白天功能紊乱等因子分降低更明显。结论：脑电生物反馈治疗可以明显改善失眠症患者症状，疗效优于传统药物治疗。     

集束化护理干预在心内科住院失眠老年患者中的应用效果研究

目的探讨集束化护理干预应用于心内科住院失眠老年患者的临床效果。方法选择心内科住院且有明确失眠症的老年患者146例,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组73例,均服用一片阿普唑仑助眠。对照组实施常规护理,观察组则在此基础上实施集束化护理干预,对比两组护理前后睡眠进程参数、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)及汉密尔顿焦虑和抑郁量表(HAMA、HAMD)评分和临床疗效。结果观察组的总有效率为94.52%,显著高于对照组的80.82%(P0.05);干预后观察组的入睡潜伏时间、觉醒次数及觉醒时间均显著低于对照组,实际睡眠时间及睡眠维持率均显著高于对照组(P0.05);干预后观察组的PSQI量表各维度评分、HAMA及HAMD评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论集束化护理干预合并助眠药物能够改善心内科失眠老年患者的精神心理状态及失眠症状,提高其睡眠质量并促进病情康复。     

失眠症患者的心理特征与家庭功能关系的初步分析

目的探讨失眠症患者的心理特征、家庭功能及其对睡眠质量的影响。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、自我和谐量表（SCCS）、家庭亲密度与适应性量表（FACES—Ⅱ），对51例失眠症患者进行测评，并与正常对照组46例进行比较。结果（1）失眠组的家庭亲密度和适应性因子分显著低于对照组，不满意度A显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；（2）SCCS总分及不和谐度因子分显著高于正常组，灵活性因子分显著低于正常组（P〈0．01）；（3）失眠组的家庭亲密度与PSQI各因子呈显著负相关，不满意度A及SCCS总分、不和谐度与PSQI各因子呈显著正相关。结论失眠症患者多有自我内部和谐度低，灵活性差的心理特征，且家庭亲密度及适应性差、满意度低，可能是其睡眠质量不满意及症状慢性化的重要影响因素。     

偏头痛患者心理状况人格特点与睡眠质量的相关性研究

目的：分析偏头痛患者的睡眠质量与心理状况和人格特点的关系。方法选取我院2011‐11—2013‐10收治的50例偏头痛患者（偏头痛组）,采用SCL‐90症状自评量表和艾森克人格问卷（EPQA ）方式对患者心理状况进行测试,用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）对患者睡眠质量进行测试,另选择同期同意进行测试的50例正常人（对照组）,对比2组测试结果。结果偏头痛患者PSQI总分7.78±3.24,艾森克人格问卷得分72.4±12.5,SCL‐90症状自评量表得分134.4±34.2,显著高于正常人,差异有统计意义（ P＜0.05）。结论偏头痛患者由于头痛常导致睡眠质量下降,造成心理状态异常,影响患者生活质量。     

脑电生物反馈辅助治疗老年失眠症的疗效观察

目的 研究脑电生物反馈疗法辅助治疗老年失眠症的效果.方法 将67例老年失眠症患者随机分为研究组（34例,使用右佐匹克隆合并脑电生物反馈治疗8周）和对照组（33例,单用右佐匹克隆治疗8周）.采用多导睡眠（PSG）监测技术和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）评定疗效.结果 治疗后第8周末,两组多导睡眠脑电图中实际睡眠总时间、睡眠效率、睡眠维持率、睡眠潜伏期、REM（快速眼动）潜伏期、REM睡眠比例、夜间觉醒次数、觉醒总时间较治疗前显著改善（P＜0.05）;且研究组睡眠脑电图各项数据与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组PSQI评分均低于各自治疗前（P＜0.05）,研究组PSQI评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 脑电生物反馈疗法辅助治疗老年失眠症有较好的效果.     

早期心理护理对老年慢性心衰患者不良情绪及睡眠的影响

目的 观察早期心理护理对老年慢性心衰（Chronic heart failure,CHF）患者不良情绪及睡眠的影响。方法 选择2019年5月～2021年5月接诊的300例老年CHF患者,依据随机数字表法分为：观察组（纳入150例,提供早期心理护理）、对照组（纳入150例,提供常规护理）,评价组间匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（Pittsburgh Sleep-Quality Index,PSQI）、不良情绪评分、明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量量表（Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire,MLWHFQ）、心功能相关指标。结果 护理前,组间PSQI评分、不良情绪评分、MLWHFQ评分、心功能相关指标无明显差异（P>0.05）;护理后,观察组PSQI评分、不良情绪评分、MLWHFQ评分、心功能相关指标优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 对老年CHF患者提供早期心理护理,可以减轻负性情绪,改善心功能,提高睡眠质量及生活质量。     

抑郁症相关性失眠的临床特征与多导睡眠图研究

目的探讨抑郁症相关性失眠症状的临床特征与抑郁症睡眠的结构特征。方法对符合抑郁症诊断标准,且具有明显失眠症状的患者71例,进行了汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评定,以及整夜多导睡眠监测,并随机选取30例正常人作为对照组。结果抑郁症相关性失眠患者相对于对照组,睡眠症状方面表现出睡眠潜伏期长、维持时间短、睡眠效率低、睡眠质量差、日间功能受损、过多依赖安眠药。睡眠进程和连续性方面：总睡眠时间（TST）、睡眠效率（SE）、睡眠维持率（SMT）均短于对照组,清醒时间（WASO）、睡眠潜伏期（SL）长于对照组;睡眠结构方面：N1、N2比例长于对照组,N3、REM比例短于对照组;REM指标：REM潜伏期（RL）、REM周期数、REM时间（RT）均短于对照组,REM密度（RD）、REM活动度（RA）、REM强度（RI）均长于对照组。在抑郁症失眠组中,HAMD总分与,TST、TIB、SE、SMT、RL显著负相关;与RD、RA、RI正相关;HAMA总分与TST、TIB、SE、SMT负相关;PSQI总分与TST、TIB、SE、SMT显著负相关;睡眠潜伏期因子与SL、N2％显著负相关;睡眠持续性因子与TST、TIB负相关;催眠药物因子与SE、SMT、SL、N2％正相关。结论抑郁症相关性失眠患者失眠症状与普通失眠症相似;多导睡眠图的结果表明存在睡眠进程、睡眠结构及REM指标系列改变;抑郁的严重程度与REM指标相关,REM睡眠的改变可能是特异性的,可作为抑郁症诊断的参考。     

心理生理性失眠伴发情绪障碍与抑郁性失眠多导睡眠图分析

目的：探讨心理生理性失眠与抑郁性失眠多导睡眠图（PSG）特点。方法：选择收治的75例慢性失眠症患者（其中心理生理性失眠39例和抑郁性失眠症36例），停用镇静药物后，在适宜条件的实验室中给予整夜多导睡眠图监测。结果：抑郁性失眠组与心理生理性失眠组相比，其快速动眼期（REM）潜伏期和非快速动眼期（NREM）百分比降低，快动眼百分比增加。结论：心理生理性失眠患者PSG无特殊表现，抑郁性失眠患者PSG呈现快动眼睡眠活跃的特征。     

沉香熏香疗法对失眠障碍患者的临床疗效研究

目的探讨沉香熏香疗法对失眠障碍患者中失眠、焦虑、抑郁症状的临床疗效。方法本研究共纳入120例失眠障碍患者,随机分成两组:实验组和对照组。实验组每晚睡前接受沉香熏香治疗,对照组接受不影响睡眠的丙三醇熏蒸治疗。连续干预3 w后评估两组患者匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表、入睡前觉醒量表(PSAS)、失眠严重程度指数(ISI)量表、广泛性焦虑自评量表(GAD-7)和患者健康问卷量表(PHQ-9)得分,比较两组患者失眠、焦虑、抑郁症状的变化情况。结果在3 w时,实验组PSQI得分、PSAS得分和ISI得分显著降低(所有P 0. 05),睡眠效率显著增加(P 0. 01),睡眠潜伏期明显缩短(P 0. 001),GAD-7得分和PHQ-9得分均显著降低(GAD-7:P 0. 05,PHQ-9:P 0. 01)。与对照组相比,差异均具有统计学意义,沉香的临床疗效在不同的性别和年龄分层中无明显差异。结论沉香熏香治疗能显著改善失眠障碍患者的睡眠质量和失眠严重程度,同时改善患者的焦虑、抑郁等情绪障碍。     

Relationship of nocturnal concentrations of melatonin,gamma-aminobutyric acid and total antioxidants in peripheral blood with insomnia after stroke: study protocol for a prospective non-randomized controlled trial

Melatonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been shown to regulate sleep. The nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants may relate to insomnia in stroke patients. In this prospective single-center non-randomized controlled clinical trial performed in the China Rehabilitation Research Center, we analyzed the relationship of nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants with insomnia after stroke. Patients during rehabilitation of stroke were recruited and assigned to the insomnia group or non-insomnia group. Simultaneously, persons without stroke or insomnia served as normal controls. Each group contained 25 cases. The primary outcome was nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants in peripheral blood. The secondary outcomes were Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (Chinese version), and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. The relationship of nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants with insomnia after stroke was analyzed and showed that they were lower in the insomnia group than in the non-insomnia group. The severity of stroke was higher in the insomnia group than in the non-insomnia group. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the nocturnal concentrations of melatonin and GABA were associated with insomnia after stroke. This trial was regis-tered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03202121.     

Does social support differentially affect sleep in older adults with versus without insomnia?

Objective

Insomnia is a significant public health problem, particularly among older adults. We examined social support as a potential protective factor for sleep among older adults (60 years and older) with insomnia (n=79) and age- and sex-matched controls without insomnia (n=40).

Methods

Perceived social support, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and napping behavior were assessed via questionnaires or daily diaries. In addition, wrist actigraphy provided a behavioral measure of sleep continuity parameters, including sleep latency (SL), wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), and total sleep time (TST). Analysis of covariance for continuous outcomes or ordinal logistic regression for categorical outcomes were used to examine the relationship between social support and sleep-wake characteristics and the degree to which observed relationships differed among older adults with insomnia versus non-insomnia controls. Covariates included demographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and the number of medical comorbidities.

Results

The insomnia group had poorer subjective sleep quality, longer diary-assessed SL and shorter TST as compared to the control group. Higher social support was associated with lesser actigraphy-assessed WASO in both individuals with insomnia and controls. There was a significant patient group by social support interaction for diary-assessed SL, such that higher levels of social support were most associated with shorter sleep latencies in those with insomnia. There were no significant main effects of social support or social support by patient group interactions for subjective sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, napping behavior, or TST (diary or actigraphy assessed).

Conclusion

These findings extend the literature documenting the health benefits of social support, and suggest that social support may similarly influence sleep in individuals with insomnia as well as non-insomnia controls.     

增强型体外反搏治疗老年失眠症50例临床分析

目的观察增强型体外反搏治疗失眠症的效果。方法将2015-01—12门诊100例失眠患者随机分为研究组和对照组各50例。对照组给予艾司唑仑治疗,研究组接受14d的增强型体外反搏治疗,以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)总分的减少率,比较2组治疗14d及治疗结束后1个月的随访结果。结果研究组治疗14d及1个月的有效率均优于对照组(P0.05),且无严重不良反应。结论增强型体外反搏治疗老年失眠症有效、安全,且复发率低。     

Psychophysiological evaluations of clinical efficacy in outpatients: Morita therapy for psychophysiological insomnia]

The clinical efficacy of Morita therapy on outpatients with psychophysiological insomnia (PPI) was evaluated psychophysiologically. The subjects, 13 outpatients (mean age: 47. 6 +/-17.7, male/female: 6/7), were diagnosed with PPI at the International Classifications of Sleep Disorders. For each patient the examinations were performed consecutively during, one week of pre-treatment (PRE) and post-treatment (POST; 2.0 +/- 1.1 months), using objective (wrist actigraphy) and subjective (sleep log) measurements. The results were as follows. (1) Subjectively, total sleep time increased and sleep latency shortened significantly at POST compared with PRE. (2) Objectively, the numbers of times of waking decreased, sleep efficiency increased and mean activity in sleep decreased significantly at POST compared with PRE. (3) Dissociations between subjective and objective evaluations about awakening time, total sleep time and sleep latency at PRE improved significantly at POST. From the above-mentioned results, it was suggested that the lack of dissociations between subjective and objective evaluations at POST showed psychophysiologically the reconstruction of sleep a preventing association and breaking free from the entrapment of insomnia. This finding suggested that Morita therapy on outpatients with PPI was effective in helping subjects accept their insomnia and lied a constructive life.     

Epidemiology of severe insomnia and its consequences in Germany

This is the first nation-wide face-to-face survey on the prevalence of well-defined severe insomnia and its impact on quality of life in the general population of Germany. The survey was part of an international epidemiological study, which was also conducted in Belgium, Great Britain, Ireland and Sweden. A representative sample of 1913 adults aged 18 years and over were interviewed in all parts of Germany according to the quota method. Subjects with symptomatic insomnia were identified using an algorithm compatible with the principal criteria for severe insomnia defined in the fourth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Diseases (DSM-IV). Subjects provided data on quality of life using the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire and on health care consumption. Prevalence of severe insomnia in Germany was found to be 4 %, which was lower than in other European countries (6–22 %). Severe insomnia was more prevalent among women, the unemployed, those living alone after divorce or separation, and those in large cities, but not more frequently in the elderly (aged 65 years and over). The majority of subjects had chronic complaints, with 74 % of them suffering from severe sleep problems for over a year's duration (average 56 ± 23 months). Consultations with general physicians, medication usage, medical tests and hospitalisation were greater among severe insomniacs compared to subjects who had no sleep complaints. The question regarding overall appreciation of quality of life was rated as bad in 22 % and good in 28 % of severe insomniacs compared to 3 % (bad) and 68 % (good) in subjects with no sleep complaints. Despite this, only 55 % of severe insomniacs had ever discussed their sleep problem with a doctor and the proportion who consulted their doctor specifically regarding sleep problems in the previous 12 months was even lower (36 %). The vast majority (73 %) was not taking hypnotic or sedative medications. In conclusion, insomnia, even when severe, is a common and a chronic complaint in Germany. This trial suggests that while, on the one hand, sleep disorders have a significant impact on patient's quality of life and consumption of health care, it is, on the other hand, a condition that is poorly recognised and for which patients are, for unknown reasons, reluctant to seek treatment. Received: 23 November 1999 / Accepted: 23 August 2000     

Daytime consequences of insomnia symptoms among outpatients in primary care practice: EQUINOX international survey

ObjectiveTo assess the daytime consequences in outpatients suffering from different insomnia symptoms in primary care practice.MethodsAn international cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5293 outpatients complaining of sleep disturbances in primary care practice. A sleep questionnaire addressing daytime consequences, insomnia symptoms, socio-demographic characteristics, and other sleep variables was administered by 647 physicians in 10 countries.ResultsOverall, 20–33% of subjects reported “severe” daytime impairments associated with sleep disturbances. Approximately 45% of patients complaining of sleep disturbances in primary care practice suffered from a combination of insomnia symptoms. Patients suffering from all insomnia symptoms reported the most severe daytime functioning impairments compared with patients suffering from initiation or maintenance insomnia only. Conversely, the majority of patients suffering from non-restorative sleep reported little daytime functioning impairments compared to the patients suffering from other combinations of insomnia symptoms. The strongest risk factor associated with “severe” daytime functioning impairments was sleep quality perception.ConclusionsPrimary insomnia disturbs subjective daytime functioning. A report of combined insomnia symptoms reflected the most damaging insomnia subtype and had a negative impact on a wide range of daytime functioning consequences.     

Epidemiological study on sleep habits and insomnia of new outpatients visiting general hospitals in Japan

A large scale epidemiological survey of sleep habits, specifically for insomnia, was conducted using 6277 new outpatients from 11 general hospitals in Japan. They were requested to answer a questionnaire newly designed for this study, which consisted of 34 questions concerning sociodemographic characteristics, current medical conditions, sleep habits, current or past sleep complaints, symptoms of parasomnia, use of hypnotics/anxiolytics and other aspects of daily life. Insomnia was the focus of analysis using chi2 statistics and, additionally, logistic regression to explore the predictors of insomnia. Bedtime was 23:30 and wake-up time was 6:35 on average, with a mean sleep time of 6.77 h on weekdays. The number of subjects with current sleep complaints was 1276, of which 735 (11.7% of the total sample) had insomnia lasting for 1 month or more. Only 37.6% of those were taking hypnotics and/or anxiolytics. Old age, female sex, neurology, psychiatry, early bedtime, late wake-up time, living alone and dissatisfaction with the bedroom environment for sleep were found to be associated with long-term insomnia. This study helps to provide a framework for further studies using the general population.     

Sleep latency is shortened during 4 weeks of treatment with zaleplon, a novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic. Zaleplon Clinical Study Group.

BACKGROUND: Zaleplon is a short-acting pyrazolopyrimidine hypnotic with a rapid onset of action. This multicenter study compared the efficacy and safety of 3 doses of zaleplon with those of placebo in outpatients with DSM-III-R insomnia. Zolpidem, 10 mg, was used as an active comparator. METHOD: After a 7-night placebo (baseline) period, 615 adult patients were randomly assigned to receive, in double-blind fashion, I of 5 treatments (zaleplon, 5, 10, or 20 mg; zolpidem, 10 mg; or placebo) for 28 nights, followed by placebo treatment for 3 nights. Sleep latency, sleep maintenance, and sleep quality were determined from sleep questionnaires that patients completed each morning. The occurrence of rebound insomnia and withdrawal effects on discontinuation of treatment was also assessed. All levels of significance were p < or = .05. RESULTS: Median sleep latency was significantly lower with zaleplon, 10 and 20 mg, than with placebo during all 4 weeks of treatment and with zaleplon, 5 mg, for the first 3 weeks. Zaleplon, 20 mg, also significantly increased sleep duration compared with placebo in all but week 3 of the study. There was no evidence of rebound insomnia or withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of 4 weeks of zaleplon treatment. Zolpidem, 10 mg, significantly decreased sleep latency, increased sleep duration, and improved sleep quality at most timepoints compared with placebo; however, after discontinuation of zolpidem treatment, the incidence of withdrawal symptoms was significantly greater than that with placebo and there was an indication of significant rebound insomnia for some patients in the zolpidem group compared with those in the placebo group. The frequency of adverse events in the active treatment groups did not differ significantly from that in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: Zaleplon is effective in the treatment of insomnia. In addition, zaleplon appears to provide a favorable safety profile, as indicated by the absence of rebound insomnia and withdrawal symptoms once treatment was discontinued.     

Effect of midazolam, flunitrazepam, and placebo against midwinter insomnia in northern Norway

Forty-three outpatients with "midwinter insomnia" (an early type insomnia commonly seen north of the Polar Circle when the sun stays below the horizon) were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups, receiving either 15 mg midazolam, 1 mg flunitrazepam, or placebo, for 5 nights, double blind, after 3 nights without drug. In all three groups, this was followed by 5 nights on placebo (single blind). Several subjective sleep variables were recorded every morning, some variables also at noon. Placebo had practically no effect on any sleep variable, whereas both active drugs markedly improved sleep with regard to the following variables: sleep latency, number of awakenings, total duration of sleep, quality of sleep, total evaluation of sleep, and feelings of drowsiness in the morning and at noon. In the withdrawal period, patients who had received active drug showed a deterioration of sleep on most variables, but not beyond the baseline level. A true "rebound insomnia" could thus not be demonstrated. There was no significant difference in any of the variables between midazolam and flunitrazepam treatment. Side effects were reported by very few patients. Midazolam seems to be as effective as flunitrazepam in this type of insomnia, in spite of its much shorter biological half-life.     

Cognitive performance and sleep quality in the elderly suffering from chronic insomnia. Relationship between objective and subjective measures

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between objective and subjective sleep quality and objective and subjective evaluation of cognitive performance in older adults suffering of chronic insomnia (using or not benzodiazepines, BZs) or self-reported good sleepers. METHODS: Three groups of participants 55 years and older were evaluated: 20 insomnia sufferers using BZs chronically, 20 drug-free insomnia sufferers and 20 good sleepers. Objective sleep (PSG) and subjective sleep (sleep diaries, SD) were measured. Objective measures of cognitive performance (attention/concentration, verbal/visual memory, executive function and psychomotor speed) and subjective perception of daily performance were evaluated. RESULTS: Correlational analysis revealed that objective and subjective measures of daytime performance are differentially related to sleep quality for the three groups. An objective good night of sleep is associated with better cognitive performance in good sleepers and drug-free individuals. On the other hand, the impression of having slept well is related to better cognitive performance in good sleepers and chronic insomnia sufferers using BZs. CONCLUSION: Daytime performance and sleep quality are related, but differently so for a good sleeper, an insomnia sufferer without treatment, or one using BZs to alleviate sleep difficulties.