Use of quantitative lung scintigraphy to predict postoperative pulmonary function in lung cancer patients undergoing lobectomy

Background

In patients with non-small cell lung cancer, the only realistic chance of cure is surgical resection. However, in some of these patients there is such poor respiratory reserve that surgery can result in an unacceptable quality of life. In order to identify these patients, various pulmonary function tests and scintigraphic techniques have been used. The current American College of Physicians and British Thoracic Society guidelines do not recommend the use of quantitative ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy to predict postoperative function in lung cancer patients undergoing lobectomy. These guidelines may have been influenced by previous scintigraphic studies performed over a decade ago. Since then there have been advances in both surgical techniques and scintigraphic techniques, and the surgical population has become older and more female represented.

Methods

We prospectively performed spirometry and quantitative ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy on 61 consecutive patients undergoing lobectomy for lung cancer. Spirometry was repeated one-month postsurgery. Both a simple segment counting technique alone and scintigraphy were used to predict the postoperative lung function.

Results

There was statistically significant correlation (p < 0.01) between the predicted postoperative lung function using both the simple segment counting technique and the scintigraphic techniques. However, the correlation using simple segment counting was of negligible difference compared to scintigraphy.

Conclusions

In keeping with current American Chest Physician and British Thoracic Society guidelines, our results suggest that quantitative ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is not necessary in the preoperative assessment of lung cancer patients undergoing lobectomy. The simple segmenting technique can be used to predict postoperative lung function in lobectomy patients.     

Video-assisted lobectomy in elderly lung cancer patients

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the pre-, intra- and postoperative outcome of video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy in elderly lung cancer patients to determine what factors may be disadvantageous. METHODS: From June 1982 to May 2000, 707 patients underwent pulmonary resection for primary lung cancer. Of these, 87 patients with t1-2 peripheral lung cancer underwent lobectomy and postoperative pulmonary function tests and postoperative conditions at an average of 2.3 months postoperatively. Of these, 52 underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy since 1994 and 35 lobectomy by standard thoracotomy. RESULTS: Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy offered advantages in blood loss, chest wall damage, and minimal performance deterioration status. The percent vital capacity, percent forced expiratory in 1 second, and percent maximum ventilatory volume were well preserved in patients who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified operation duration as an independent risk factor in morbidity and operative procedure as an independent risk factor in performance deterioration. In stage IA and IB patients, 3-year-survival was 92.9% and 5-year survival 53.8% in those undergoing lobectomy by standard thoracotomy and 84.2% at 3 years and 60.1% at 5-years in those undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy. CONCLUSION: We thus consider video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy in this age group to be an effective procedure, but the long surgical duration is a risk factor in a poor clinical outcome.     

Feasibility of E-PASS score to predict postoperative complications in laparoscopic nephrectomy

Purpose

To evaluate the usefulness of E-PASS score to predict postoperative complications after laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Methods

Between 2008 and 2020, 424 patients (179 patients: simple nephrectomy, 158 patients: radical nephrectomy, 87 patients: donor nephrectomy) who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy in our clinic, were included in the study. Patient groups separated according to the presence of postoperative complications were compared retrospectively regarding demographic, clinical, intraoperative, and postoperative data, comorbidities, and E-PASS scores (PRS, SSS, and CRS). The relationship between postoperative complications and E-PASS scores was examined.

Results

Postoperative complications occurred in 43 (10.1%) of the patients. Age, previous abdominal/retroperitoneal surgery, radical nephrectomy rate of surgeries, operation time, amount of bleeding, need for blood transfusion, rate of conversion from laparoscopic surgery to open surgery, hospitalization time, E-PASS PRS, SSS, and CRS were statistically significantly higher in the group with postoperative complications. The cutoff value of the E-PASS CRS was ? 0.2996 to predict the development of postoperative complications (AUC?=?0.706; 95% CI 0.629–0.783; p?<?0.001). According to multivariate analysis, presence of previous abdominal/retroperitoneal surgery (OR?2.977; 95% CI?1.502–5.899; p?=?0.002), laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (OR?2.518; 95% CI?1.224–5.179; p?=?0.012), conversion from laparoscopic surgery to open surgery (OR?4.869; 95% CI?1.046–22.669; p?=?0.044) and E-PASS CRS?>?? 0.2996 (OR?2.816; 95% CI?1.321–6.004; p?=?0.007) were found to be independent risk factors predicting postoperative complications.

Conclusion

The E-PASS scoring system is an effective and convenient system for predicting postoperative complications after laparoscopic nephrectomy.

     

A risk score to predict the probability of postoperative vomiting in adults

Background : The aim of this study was to identify factors most relevant for postoperative vomiting (PV) and to develop a risk score to predict the probability of PV.
Methods : Adult inpatients scheduled for elective ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery under general anaesthesia were offered to participate in a prospective study for PV over 24 h. No prophylactic antiemetics were used. The data of 1137 patients were randomized and split into an evaluation set (n=553) and a validation set (n=584). The evaluation set was subjected to logistic regression analysis to quantify the relative impact of anaesthetic, surgical and individual factors and to develop a risk score. The score was then tested by applying it to the validation set. The area under a receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated and the predicted and actual incidences of patients were correlated.
Results : In the evaluation set, patient-related factors (female gender, young age, non-smoking, history of PV or motion sickness) and a high duration of anaesthesia were independent risk factors for PV. The probability of PV could be estimated from the equation: PV = 1/(1 + exp(-z)) where z=1.28 · (gender)-0.029· (age)-0.74·(smoking)+0.63·(history of PV or motion sickness)+0.26 · (duration)-0.92. In the validation set this score achieved an area under the ROC-curve of 0.78 and the actual incidence correlated strongly with the predicted risks (R²=0.93, P <0.001).
Conclusion : The data suggest that the probability of PV following ENT surgery under inhalational anaesthesia with low-dose opioids can be predicted by a score mainly based upon patient-related risk factors.     

Prediction of pulmonary complications after a lobectomy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: Although the preoperative prediction of pulmonary complications after lung major surgery has been reported in various papers, it still remains unclear. METHODS: Eighty nine patients with stage I-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent a complete resection at our institute from 1994-8 were evaluated for the feasibility of making a preoperative prediction of pulmonary complications. All had either a predicted postoperative forced vital capacity (FVC) of >800 ml/m(2) or forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) of >600 ml/m(2). RESULTS: Postoperative complications occurred in 37 patients (41.2%) but no patients died during the 30 day period after the operation. Pulmonary complications occurred in 20 patients (22.5%). Univariate analysis indicated that the factors significantly related to pulmonary complications were FVC <80%, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level > or =230 U/l, and arterial oxygen tension (PaO(2)) <10.6 kPa (80 mm Hg). In a multivariate analysis the three independent predictors of pulmonary complications were serum LDH > or =230 U/l (odds ratio (OR) 10.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 77.3), residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC) > or =30% (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 33.7), and PaO(2) <10.6 kPa (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 22.2). CONCLUSIONS: The above findings indicate that three factors (serum LDH levels of > or =230 U/l, RV/TLC > or =30%, and PaO(2) <10.6 kPa) may be associated with pulmonary complications in patients undergoing a lobectomy for NSCLC, even though the patient group was relatively small for statistical analysis of such a diverse subject as pulmonary complications.     

Early postoperative mobilization with walking at 4 hours after lobectomy in lung cancer patients

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether walking at 4 h after surgery as a more aggressive way to proceed with early mobilization could be a safe approach compared with the patients who walked the day after surgery. Methods We encouraged patients who had lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer at Kansai Medical University Hospital to walk at 4 h after surgery and start pulmonary rehabilitation between January 2003 and June 2005. A group of 36 patients walked at 4 h after surgery. We retrospectively reviewed the postoperative courses of the patients and compared them with 50 patients who walked the next day during the same period. Results No patient had major trouble with chest drainage tube, and no patients fell when walking at 4 h. Amount of drainage, changing rates of the heart load during the walking, and pain scores after walking did not show significant differences in patients walking at 4 h and those walking the next day. Although four patients who walked the next day had an arterial oxygen partial pressure/inspired oxygen concentration ratio of <300 on day 3, none in the patients walking at 4 h had a ratio below this level. Among the patients walking at 4 h, 24 (67%) needed oxygenation for less than 2 days compared with 17 (34%) of the patients walking the next day. Conclusion Walking at 4 h after lobectomy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancers is a safe approach to starting pulmonary rehabilitation after surgery.     

A method for predicting postoperative lung function and its relation to postoperative complications in patients with lung cancer

We predicted the postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) with a formula based on the premise that the total number of subsegments was 42: postop FEV1 = [1 - (b - n)/(42 - n)] (preop FEV1), where n and b are the number of obstructed subsegments and total subsegments, respectively, in the resected lobe. It was assumed that b was 6, 4, and 12 in the right upper, middle, and lower lobes, respectively, and 10 each in the left upper and the left lower lobes. The obstructed subsegments, n, were obtained from the findings on bronchography or bronchofiberscopy or both before operation. The linear regression line derived from the correlation between predicted (x) and measured (y) FEV1 was y = 0.850x + 0.286 +/- 0.296 (standard error) (N = 52; r = 0.821; p less than 0.001). We calculated the predicted postoperative FEV1 in 188 patients with primary lung cancer. The predicted values were corrected with the regression equation just mentioned and then normalized by the patient's height and sex (%FEV1(p,c). The correlation between %FEV1(p,c) and the surgical risk was studied. Postoperative respiratory complications were inversely related to %FEV1(p,c), and a significantly high incidence of complications (p less than 0.05) was observed in those whose %FEV1(p,c) was less than 60% of predicted normal. In aged patients (65 years old or more) without complications, %FEV1(p,c) was 67.3 +/- 18.0%; it was 52.2 +/- 12.8% in those with respiratory trouble and 53.3% +/- 9.6% in those with circulatory complications. The difference between groups with and without complications was significant (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

术中肺保护性通气策略对开腹手术老年患者术后肺部并发症的影响

目的探讨肺保护性通气策略对老年患者开腹手术术后肺部并发症(PPCs)的影响。方法选择择期在全麻下行开腹手术患者76例,男39例,女37例,年龄65~80岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法随机分成两组:LVT组(n=40)和HVT组(n=36)。LVT组VT6~8ml/kg,呼气末正压(PEEP)8cm H2O以及每30分钟进行一次肺复张;HVT组VT10~12 ml/kg,不使用PEEP及肺复张。于麻醉诱导后(T1)、机械通气1h(T2)、2h(T3)、术后24h(T4)抽取动脉血行动脉血气分析,在T4时抽取外周血行血常规及生化检查。记录术后7d内PPCs的发生情况并给予严重程度评级。结果最终有17例患者被排除,59例患者纳入最终分析。两组术中晶体量、胶体量、出血量、尿量、阿片药物用量差异无统计学意义。两组术后血尿素氮(BUN)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、Hb差异无统计学意义。术后7d内,两组PPCs分级1级的比例分别为53.3%和51.7%;2~3级的比例分别为16.7%和20.6%,两组PPCs评级差异无统计学意义。结论与非肺保护性通气策略比较,肺保护性通气策略对开腹手术老年患者术后7d内肺部并发症无明显影响。     

老年胃癌患者术后发生严重并发症的预测因子研究

目的:探讨与老年胃癌患者术后严重并发症发生相关的临床指标。方法:回顾性分析172例接受手术治疗的老年胃癌患者的临床资料,分为有和无严重并发症组,比较两组患者围手术期临床指标的差异。结果:术前合并症、术前血清白蛋白水平、是否全胃切除、是否联合脏器切除、术中出血>800mL、术中出血量、术后第一日血糖水平在两组患者存在统计学差异,而术前Hb水平、术前血糖水平、肿瘤直径、术后白细胞水平、术后第一日血钠水平无统计学差异。结论:术前合并症、低蛋白血症及扩大胃癌根治手术以引起老年患者术后严重并发症。     

Major postoperative complications and survival for colon cancer elderly patients

Background

Increased life expectancy has led to elevating the mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis of colon cancer and subsequent treatment. Differences in complication rates and outcome between elderly and younger patients have been investigated.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed a database containing the information of patients who underwent surgery for stage I-III colorectal cancer from January 2004 to January 2012 at our institution and compared demographic, cancer-related, and outcomes data of 235 elderly patients with 211 patients ≤65 years old.

Results

Intraoperative complications did not differ between young and old patients whereas some differences have been found in postoperative and late complications: elderly patients suffered more by ileus (P = 0.024), peritonitis or septic shock (P = 0.017), pelvic abscess (P = 0.028), wound infection (P = 0.031), and incisional/port herniation (P = 0.012) compared with younger patients. Moreover, elderly patients suffered by systemic complications such as cardiovascular (4.7% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.049), renal (4.7% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.006), and respiratory (10.6% vs. 5.2%, P = 0.036). The multivariate analysis assessing the odds of having a complication revealed that older age (Odd Ratio [OR] 2.75, 95% Confidential Interval [CI]: 1.67-4.52) and open surgery (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.62) are significantly and independently associated with having a complication.

Conclusions

In our series, elderly patients have presented a slight higher incidence of comorbidities that may affect the incidence rates of postoperative complications. These results have implications in increasing the hospital stay as well as a higher rate of death.

     

PG－SGA评分对结肠癌患者根治术后并发症的预测价值

目的探究PG－SGA评分对结肠癌患者根治术后并发症的预测价值。 方法回顾分析2014年6月至2018年12月接受手术治疗的200例结肠癌患者临床资料,采用PG－SGA评分对所有患者进行术前营养状况评价,按照有无营养风险分为营养正常组(PG－SGA评分≥4,112例)和营养不良组(PG－SGA评分<4,88例),采用SPSS19.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。围手术期各项指标等计量资料行( ±s)表示,组间行独立t检验,术后并发症行χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法,P<0.05时差异具有统计学意义。 结果两组患者在性别、年龄、病变部位、ASA评分、分化程度、TNM分期、肿瘤大小和病理类型方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);营养正常组患者住院时间和住院费用明显少于于营养不良组(P<0.05);术后并发症发生率为8.0%明显低于营养不良组32.9%,差异具有统计学意义(χ²＝6.98, P<0.05)。 结论PG－SGA评分<4的结肠癌患者术后并发症的发生率较高,值得临床重视。     

A simple point score for definition of the risk of postoperative complications

During a 5-year-period we recorded prospectively 5,823 patients who had undergone general surgery and documented the postoperative complications as wound infection, pneumonia, reoperations and death. A score including all these complications was developed to evaluate the risk of an operation more exactly than using the wound infection rate alone. This method seems to provide a continuous monitoring and the comparison of the complication risks of certain operations within a quality assurance program. For gastric and colon surgery we found a correlation between postoperative antibiotic use and score, but not between score and postoperative hospitalization time.     

The development and validation of a risk score to predict the probability of postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients

Risk scores to predict the occurrence of postoperative vomiting (PV) or nausea and vomiting that were developed for adult patients do not fit for children, because several risk factors are difficult to assess or are usually not applicable in pediatric patients (e.g., smoking status). Thus, in the present study, we sought to develop and to validate a simple score to predict PV in children (POVOC-score). Development and validation of the new score was based on data from 4 independent institutions of 1257 children (aged 0-14 yr) undergoing various types of surgery under general anesthesia without antiemetic prophylaxis. Preoperatively, several potential risk factors were recorded. Postoperatively, the occurrence of PV was observed for up to 24 h. The dataset was randomly split into an evaluation set (n = 657) that was analyzed using a forward logistic regression technique and a validation set (n = 600) that was used to confirm the accuracy of prediction by means of the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve. Four independent risk factors for PV were identified in the final analysis: duration of surgery >/=30 min, age >/=3 yr, strabismus surgery, and a positive history of PV in the children or PV/postoperative nausea and vomiting in relatives (mother, father, or siblings). The incidence of PV was 9%, 10%, 30%, 55%, and 70% for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 risk factors observed. Using these incidences as cut-off values in the validation dataset, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.68-0.77). Our data suggest that PV can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy using a four-item simplified risk score.     

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目的探讨生理能力与手术应激评分系统(E-PASS)预测胃肿瘤择期手术风险和术后早期并发症的临床应用价值。方法前瞻性收集2011年11月至2012年2月四川大学华西医院胃肠外科中心121例胃肿瘤择期手术病人的临床资料,比较有并发症组和无并发症组的临床-手术-病理相关指标有无差异,并确定综合风险分数(CRS)预警术后并发症的切点值。结果 121例病人中术后并发症发生率为14.9%,有并发症组和无并发症组的年龄、性别、肿瘤组织学类型、糖尿病、体能状态指数、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、切口大小、失血量-体重比、体重、失血量、手术时间、术前风险分数(PRS)和手术应激分数(SSS)的差异无统计学意义;而两组之间术前合并严重心脏疾病(P=0.000)和严重肺部疾病(P=0.000)差异有统计学意义。有并发症组CRS高于无并发症组(P=0.043),但相关分析并未得出CRS值预警术后并发症的切点值(r<0.400,P>0.05)。结论 E-PASS评分系统中CRS值对预测胃肿瘤择期手术风险有一定价值,但CRS预警切点值的确定须进一步研究。     

老年胃癌患者术后并发症的相关因素分析

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨老年胃癌患者术后并发症的相关因素。方法〓回顾性地分析中国石油乌鲁木齐石油化工总厂职工医院外一科2004年1月~2014年12月接受手术治疗并经病理确证为胃癌的老年患者57例,分析术后并发症情况及老年胃癌患者术后并发症的危险因素。结果〓本组57例行胃癌手术患者中,并发症发生18例,并发症发生率为31.6%,其中切口感染3例(5.3%),吻合口瘘2例(3.5%),切口开裂2例(3.5%),肺部感染3例(5.3%),十二指肠残端瘘1例(1.8%)。炎性肠梗阻3例,残胃无力1例,腹腔感染2例,吻合口出血1例。经分析显示,术前合并症、肿瘤直径、发病年龄及手术时间与老年胃癌患者术后并发症发生有明显关系(P<0.05)。结论〓老年胃癌患者因年龄和疾病因素,术后并发症也随之增加,基层医院应重视老年胃癌患者围手术期的观察和处理。     

Early postoperative complications after middle lobe-preserving surgery for secondary lung cancer

Purpose

Preservation of the middle lobe during lung surgery is traditionally avoided, because its presence in the hemithoracic cavity is considered a cause of complications. We report a series of lung cancer patients who underwent a secondary pulmonary resection with the preservation of the middle lobe to explore the complications and feasibility of these procedures.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical courses of six patients who underwent surgery for metachronous lung cancers. Five patients underwent right upper lobectomy, including one sleeve lobectomy, after having undergone prior right lower lobectomy. The remaining patient underwent a right lower lobectomy after having undergone a prior right upper lobectomy.

Results

There were no treatment-related deaths. One patient was readmitted for surgery to treat delayed air leakage progressing to pyothorax. One patient was treated for persistent air leakage. Two patients required intermittent drainage of pulmonary effusion, because of middle lobe atelectasis. The postoperative forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were greater than the values predicted post-pneumonectomy in four evaluable patients.

Conclusions

While postoperative complications after middle lobe-preserving surgery are manageable, their high incidence should be considered when performing this surgery.