颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤的影像学分析

目的探讨颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤的特征性影像学表现。方法回顾性分析31例经病理证实的颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤患者的影像资料,其中CT检查24例,MRI检查27例。结果颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤分为扁平肥厚型脑膜瘤、视神经鞘脑膜瘤和跨眶上裂脑膜瘤。5例扁平肥厚型脑膜瘤均呈扁平状软组织密度和受累骨质增生肥厚及脑膜尾征,三侧性肿块4例,双侧性肿块1例。眶内及颞窝肿块信号一致,但与颅内肿块信号不同。视神经鞘脑膜瘤19例,其中哑铃形10例,蝌蚪形7例,视神经鞘膜全程不均匀增厚2例,病变均呈软组织密度,其中钙化2例,但骨质均无改变。颅内及眶内病变信号一致,均出现双轨征及脑膜尾征。跨眶上裂脑膜瘤7例,均呈软组织密度并出现脑膜尾征,哑铃形6例,不规则形1例,邻近骨质增生硬化5例(其中1例合并骨质吸收),骨质无变化2例。行MRI检查的4例中,颅内及眶内肿块信号一致3例,不一致1例。结论不同亚型的颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤均有其特征性的表现,综合分析病变形态、位置、密度和信号特征及邻近脑膜和骨质的情况,提高诊断的准确率。     

非典型性脑膜瘤的影像学诊断

目的　分析非典型脑膜瘤的影像学表现。方法　 17例均经病理证实 ,男 7例 ,女 10例 ,年龄 3 4～ 69岁。 17例均行CT检查 ,其中 10例强化。 12例行MR检查 ,其中 8例强化。 5例行DSA检查。结果　非典型性脑膜瘤主要影像特点 :边缘多不规则 ;CT与MR平扫分呈不均匀密度及信号 ,注入造影剂后呈不均匀强化。可见囊变坏死及颅骨和临近结构破坏与侵犯。 5例MRI可见硬膜尾征 ,“尾征”表现为短、粗、不规则。 5例DSA检查为较明显的浓染。结论　非典型性脑膜瘤具有一定的影像学特征 ,可做出明确术前诊断或诊断意向。     

颅外脑膜瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的:评价颅外脑膜瘤的CT和MRI表现特征及诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析6例经手术病理检查证实的颅外脑膜瘤的CT和MRI表现.其中,仅行CT检查者2例;仅行MRI检查者1例;CT及MRI均查者3例.结果:6例颅外脑膜瘤的CT及MRI表现为:①病变位于咽旁间隙者3例,咀嚼肌间隙者1例,眼眶者2例;②平扫CT上病变均表现为软组织密度肿块,其中3/5病变含有沙粒样钙化.平扫MRI上,病变在T2WI上均表现为不均匀高信号(“椒盐”征);③增强CT和MRI上,病变均呈明显强化表现;④位于咽旁间隙的病变推移(2例)或包绕(1例)颈内动脉,咽侧壁呈受压改变;⑤4/6例病变表现为与颅内脑膜瘤相连,相邻颅骨和眶壁表现为骨质增厚(4例)或吸收(1例).结论:颅外脑膜瘤的CT和MRI表现以软组织肿块内含钙化、“椒盐”征和邻骨受侵为特点.该病变的CT和MRI表现能为相关鉴别诊断提供有价值信息.     

颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤的临床、病理与影像学征象分析

目的 探讨颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤的临床、病理及影像学(CT和MRI)特征.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实且资料齐全的颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤13例,分析其CT和MRI影像特征,重点观察肿瘤的形态、大小、边界、肿瘤基底宽度、瘤周水肿宽度、强化均匀程度以及脑膜尾征长度等,观察指标经量化处理,并随机抽取临床、影像资料齐全并经病理证实的颅内脑膜瘤29例,对比分析2组病例的临床、病理及影像特征差异.结果 13例颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤临床主要表现为头痛、突眼、视力减退、眼球运动受限、视乳头水肿等症状,形态以哑铃状多见,肿瘤最大径平均值、肿瘤基底最大宽度平均值、瘤周水肿最大宽度平均值、脑膜尾征邻近强化硬脑膜的最大长度平均值均大于颅内脑膜瘤(P<0.05).结论 颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤具有一定的临床、病理及CT、MRI表现特征.     

眶内肿瘤的彩色多普勒表现及诊断价值

目的:探讨眶内肿瘤彩色多普勒表现及诊断价值。方法:对经CT或MR检查确诊为眶内肿瘤或占位性病变的病人进行彩色多普勒观察,了解其二维表现及规律、血流及分布情况。结果:98例眶内肿瘤中泪腺癌16例,海绵状血管瘤16例,炎性假瘤11例,脑膜瘤9例,皮样囊肿9例,眶内转移癌8例,神经鞘瘤8例,肉瘤7例,较少见的病14例。根据本组病例观察,完全可以根据所显示的眶内肿瘤的声像图表现、特点及血流情况作出诊断,实时观察血流情况,帮助临床制定手术方案。结论:超声在探测眶内肿瘤方面有较高的诊断价值,尤其在对肿瘤血供的实时观察方面,对临床有很大的帮助,临床可根据需要选择不同的影像检查方式。     

几种少见类型脑膜瘤的CT分析

目的 探讨颅内几种少见类型脑膜瘤的CT表现特征。资料与方法 18例颅内几种少见类型脑膜瘤术前均行CT检查并经手术后病理证实,其中CT平扫4例,增强扫描4例,平扫加增强扫描10例。结果 18例中,囊性脑膜瘤11例,恶性脑膜瘤5例,多发脑膜瘤1例。肿瘤位于幕上17例,幕下1例。术前CT诊断正确10例,误诊8例。结论 颅内几种少见类型脑膜瘤术前CT扫描易被误诊,综合分析各自的CT特征,有助于诊断与鉴别诊断。     

囊性脑膜瘤的CT及MRI诊断

目的:总结囊性脑膜瘤的CT及MRI表现,提高对囊性脑膜瘤的影像学认识.方法:搜集经病理证实的囊性脑膜瘤23例,12例行CT检查,其中行增强扫描6例;17例行MRI检查,其中行增强扫描7例;6例同时行CT和MRI检查.观察、分析囊性脑膜瘤不同类型的CT和MRI表现.结果:囊性脑膜瘤除具有典型脑膜瘤CT、MRI表现外,由于有囊腔的存在,多数表现为实质性肿块伴大小不等的囊性区,实质部分强化明显,囊腔无强化,囊壁可有或无强化.本组23例中,Nauta Ⅰ型5例,Nauta Ⅱ型6例,Nauta Ⅲ型3例,Nauta Ⅳ型2例,7例为2种或2种以上的混合型.结论:囊性脑膜瘤有一定的影像学特征,CT和MRI对明确诊断具有重要意义,MRI优于CT.     

颈静脉孔区肿瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的：探讨CT和MRI对颈静脉孔区肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析了经手术病理证实的34例颈静脉孔区肿瘤的CT和MR影像资料,其中包括颈静脉球瘤12例,神经鞘瘤10例,转移瘤3例,脑膜瘤2例,神经纤维瘤、脊索瘤、软骨瘤、软骨肉瘤、纤维脂肪瘤、纤维血管瘤和先天性囊肿各1例。CT检查21例,其中15例作增强扫描。MRI检查31例,其中24例加作MR增强扫描。结果：肿瘤内纡曲流空的血管即“椒-盐”征是颈静脉球瘤的特征性MRI表现。神经鞘瘤易发生囊变,注射对比剂后肿瘤中度强化。转移瘤骨质破坏不规则。脑膜瘤增强扫描可见脑膜“尾巴”征。软骨瘤和软骨肉瘤可见明显钙化。结论：CT与MRI相结合能更全面地为临床提供诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗所需要的信息,为治疗方法的选择提供可靠的依据。     

创伤性关节积脂血征的CT及MRI诊断

目的 分析创伤性关节积脂血征的CT及MRI表现特点，探讨CT及MR／对创伤性关节积脂血征的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析50例创伤性关节积脂血征患者的CT及MRI的影像学特征。其中膝关节36例、髋关节8例、肘关节4例及肩关节2例。所有患者均于受伤后1h至4d内行CT及MRI检查。结果 50例创伤性关节积脂血征患者均存在关节内骨折，创伤性关节积脂血征的CT及MRI表现为在关节囊内特征性的单液-液平面或双液-液平面积液征象。其中22例表现为单液-液平面积液征象，28例表现为双液-液平面积液征象。构成单液-液平面上、下2层液体和双液-液平面的上、中、下3层液体有明显不同的CT值和所有扫描序列中MRI信号强度。结论 创伤性关节积脂血征的CT及MRI检查均有特征性表现，CT及MRI检查可明确诊断创伤性关节积脂血征，创伤性关节积脂血征与关节内骨折并存，可以作为关节内骨折的可靠的间接征象。     

腹膜假性黏液瘤的CT诊断

目的:认识和提高腹膜假性黏液瘤的CT表现及诊断.方法:回顾性分析16例经病理或细胞学检查证实的腹膜假性黏液瘤的CT和临床表现.结果:腹膜假性黏液瘤是以黏液性腹水为特征,临床主要表现为腹胀、腹块等.依据CT表现不同可分为弥漫性和局限性两种类型,主要CT表现包括腹水内密度不均匀8例,肝脾表面黏液样结节10例,多发分隔的囊性病变5例和网膜增厚或"网膜饼"征6例.结论:典型的CT表现可以诊断腹膜假性黏液瘤,CT检查可为临床治疗的选择和改善预后提供有价值的信息.     

眶颅沟通性病变的CT和MRI研究

目的 研究、探讨眶颅沟通性病变的沟通路径、CT和MRI表现及其影像学特征。方法 51例患者,男28例,女23例,年龄2－68岁,平均41岁,为手术病理和随访结果证实。51例均行 CT扫描,45例行MR扫描,CT和MR增强扫描各44例。结果 通过眶上裂或视神经管沟通的颅眶沟通笥病变31例,占60.8％。其中9例通过视神经管沟通,包括4例视神经和视交叉胶质瘤、3例视神经鞘脑膜瘤,以及2例视网膜母细胞瘤侵犯视神经和视交叉;通过眶上裂沟通者,包括5例脑膜瘤、4例神经源性肿瘤、2例Tolosa-Hunt综合征、3例炎性假瘤、1例眼眶和海绵窦皮样囊肿,以及7例鼻咽癌同时侵犯海绵窦和眼眶,通过眶骨穿支血管间隙沟通的病变或骨质破坏缺损区沟通的眶颅沟通性病变20例,占39.2％,包括5例眶骨扁平性脑膜瘤、10例眶壁转移瘤、1例眶壁软骨肉瘤侵犯筛窦、额窦和额叶、3例泪腺囊腺癌侵犯颅内和1例额底脑膜瘤侵犯眼眶。结论 CT和MRI,尤其是使用脂肪抑制技术和增强扫描的T1WI能明确显示眶颅沟通性病变的沟通路径和病变特征,为制订治疗方案和手术入路提供重要和直接的依据。     

Imaging and clinical characteristics of temporal bone meningioma

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Imaging characteristics of temporal bone meningioma have not been previously reported in the literature. CT and MR imaging findings in 13 cases of temporal bone meningioma are reviewed to define specific imaging features. METHODS: A retrospective review of our institutional case archive revealed 13 cases of histologically confirmed temporal bone meningioma. CT and MR imaging studies were reviewed to characterize mass location, vector of spread, bone changes, enhancement characteristics, and intracranial patterns of involvement. Clinical presenting signs and symptoms were correlated with imaging findings. RESULTS: Thirteen temporal bone meningiomas were reviewed in 8 women and 5 men, aged 18-65 years. Meningiomas were stratified into 3 groups on the basis of location and tumor vector of spread. There were 6 tegmen tympani, 5 jugular foramen (JF), and 2 internal auditory canal (IAC) meningiomas. Tegmen tympani and JF meningiomas were characterized by spread to the middle ear cavity. IAC meningiomas, by contrast, spread to the cochlea and vestibule. Hearing loss was the most common clinical presenting feature in all cases of temporal bone meningioma (10/13). The presence of tumor adjacent to the ossicles strongly correlated with conductive hearing loss (7/9). CONCLUSION: Meningioma involving the temporal bone is rare. Three subgroups of meningioma exist in this location: tegmen tympani, JF, and IAC meningioma. Tegmen tympani and JF meningiomas spread to the middle ear cavity. IAC meningiomas spread to intralabyrinthine structures. Conductive hearing loss is commonly seen in these patients and can be surgically correctable.     

Pneumosinus dilatans in anterior skull base meningiomas

Introduction

Skull base meningiomas are often missed on non-contrast CT or MR examinations due to their close proximity to bone and low lesion to brain contrast. The purpose of this study is to illustrate that pneumosinus dilatans can be an indicator of anterior skull base meningiomas.

Methods

A retrospective search of the radiology information system and picture archiving and computing system database was performed. Search terms were “meningioma” in association with “pneumosinus dilatans.” Medical records and imaging studies were reviewed independently by two experienced neuroradiologists and were read in consensus. We recorded the patient age at the time of discovery of the meningioma, main presenting symptom(s), location of the tumor, and imaging characteristics. We also performed a comparative literature search for pneumosinus dilatans and its association with meningiomas.

Results

Ten patients (six women; four men) were identified in whom a meningioma of the anterior skull base was associated with a pneumosinus dilatans. Three patients had multiple meningiomas, so a total of 14 intracranial tumors were identified. Mean age at discovery was 59 years with an age range of ±20 years. All meningiomas were diagnosed by MRI and/or CT.

Conclusion

Pneumosinus dilatans can be a helpful sign to indicate the presence of a meningioma of the anterior skull base.     

前颅凹底脑膜瘤的影像诊断与病理对照研究

目的:探讨前颅凹底脑膜瘤的影像学和病理组织学之间的关系.材料和方法:病理证实的前颅凹底脑膜瘤27例,男8例,女19例.年龄13～79岁,平均62岁.均行MRI检查(增强16例);15例行CT检查(增强8例).分析CT、MRI影像,并与手术病理对照.结果:27例前颅凹底脑膜瘤,起源于嗅沟15例,前颅凹底6例,眶顶4例,鞍结节向前生长2例.多数水肿明显,均匀增强;少数不均匀增强,并出现脑膜尾征,少数伴钙化、坏死、囊变和出血.累及邻近颅骨时引起骨质增生.结论:前颅凹底脑膜瘤具有典型的影像学表现.CT和MRI具有诊断价值,MRI优于CT ,但CT观察钙化和骨质改变优于MRI.     

少见型脑膜瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨颅内少见型脑膜瘤的CT表现,并提高其诊断准确性。方法15例经手术病理证实的少见型脑膜瘤,包括Nauta型囊性脑膜瘤8例,恶性脑膜瘤4例,多发性脑膜瘤2例以及完全钙化性脑膜瘤1例,术前均经CT平扫,14例又经对比增强扫描。对所有患者的CT表现结合文献复习进行了回顾性分析。结果多数脑膜瘤位于幕上。Nauta型囊性脑膜瘤CT平扫呈囊实性肿块,增强扫描示肿瘤实质部分明显强化,部分囊壁有强化。恶性脑膜瘤CT平扫呈不规则形混杂密度肿块,或囊性肿块伴结节,肿瘤边缘不规则,增强后实质部分明显强化,瘤周水肿广泛。多发性脑膜瘤CT平扫示多发结节灶,增强扫描示肿瘤轻度强化。完全钙化性脑膜瘤CT平扫呈钙化团块,邻近颅骨骨质增生硬化,瘤周无水肿。本组CT术前正确诊断10例,误诊5例。结论颅内少见型脑膜瘤术前CT易误诊。综合分析各型的CT特征,有助于作出正确诊断和鉴别诊断。     

Neuroradiological features of intracranial and intraorbital meningeal haemangiopericytomas

The neuroradiological features of six intracranial and one intraorbital haemangiopericytomas (HP) are reviewed. CT was performed before and after IV contrast medium in 5 patients. In 2 patients MRI was performed before and after contrast medium; in another, only unenhanced images were obtained. Five patients were studied by selective external and internal carotid artery angiography. Women constituted 5 of the 7 patients, and the mean age was 50.5 years, thus the sex and age distribution did not differ from that of typical meningiomas. Contrary to previous reports, calcification was present in two of the intracranial HP, and bone erosion was clearly seen in one intracranial HP and the orbital lesion. On MRI the tumours showed no differences from angioblastic meningiomas. All 6 intracranial HP were aggressive; all recurred following treatment and extracerebral metastasis occurred in one case.     

脑膜瘤影像诊断误诊分析

目的:探讨颅内影像表现不典型的脑膜瘤MRI与CT表现,分析其误诊原因,以提高脑膜瘤诊断的准确性.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的术前第一诊断误诊的35例脑膜瘤相关病例,所有病例均行MRI平扫和增强扫描,21例同时行CT扫描,MRI与CT表现与手术病理相对照.结果:脑膜瘤误诊为其他肿瘤27例;其他病例误诊为脑膜瘤8例.结论:因组织学结构复杂及一些特殊部位构成了对脑膜瘤误诊的不可避免性;而注重典型MRI特征结合CT征象、仔细阅片及结合病史等,是提高诊断符合率的关键.     

Dural tail sign in spinal meningiomas

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between the "dural tail sign" and spinal meningiomas on MR imaging. METHODS: Retrospective review of MR examinations of all pathologically proven spinal meningiomas from 1998 to 2005 was performed. Lesions were evaluated for size, signal intensity, enhancement pattern, and presence or absence of dural tail. The dural tail length and direction in reference to the meningioma were also evaluated. RESULTS: Seven spinal meningiomas were identified in seven patients. One lesion was purely extradural, while the remaining were intradural extramedullary. Dural tail was present in four cases (57%) and its length ranged between 5 and 21 mm. The tail was seen cranial and caudal to the meningioma in three cases and only cranially in one. Coronal images were available in three cases and in two of these; the dural tail was clearly depicted. CONCLUSIONS: "Dural tail sign" is as common in spinal meningiomas as in cranial meningiomas.     

Primary meningeal tumors in children: correlation of clinical and CT findings with histologic type and prognosis.

PURPOSE: To identify the radiologic features that might help in preoperative differentiation of the meningiomas from the remaining primary meningeal tumors, in particular the malignant tumors. METHODS: The clinical and computed tomographic features of 21 children with histologically proved primary meningeal tumors were analyzed. FINDINGS: Benign tumors (meningiomas) are more likely to occur in older children, to have longer symptom duration, and to have CT appearances similar to the "typical" adult meningioma. Atypical CT features suggest a malignant meningeal tumor, such as meningeal sarcoma, melanoma, or meningeal primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The recent identification of a new subtype of meningioma (a "sclerosing" group) is discussed. This is common in children and the CT and clinical features are similar to those seen in other meningiomas. It is frequently mistaken histologically for an intraaxial tumor, or for an atypical or malignant meningioma. These sclerosing meningiomas may also show brain invasion but despite this, in the short term, the prognosis is no different from other meningiomas. CONCLUSION: The bad reputation previously ascribed to childhood primary meningeal tumors should be confined to that small group that are malignant. Meningiomas have a more favorable outlook.     

MRI 在脊索样脑膜瘤诊断及与其他脑膜瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的：探讨脊索样脑膜瘤(CM)的 MRI 特征性表现,并与其他脑膜瘤相鉴别。方法回顾性分析经手术病理确诊的7例 CM 患者的临床及 MRI 资料,定性分析其 MRI 各序列的信号特征,并进一步定量分析肿瘤各序列的标准化信号强度比,包括标准化 T1 WI 信号强度比(NT1)、标准化 T2 WI 信号强度比(NT2),标准化表观扩散系数比(NADC)、标准化 T1增强信号强度比(NCE)。采用 Fisher 精确检验和 Dunnett T 3检验法与经病理证实的非脊索样脑膜瘤(34例Ⅰ级脑膜瘤、16例非脊索样Ⅱ级脑膜瘤、5例Ⅲ级脑膜瘤)进行比较。结果CM 在 T2 WI 序列上均表现为高信号,非脊索样脑膜瘤则表现为等、低或稍高信号;CM 在扩散加权成像(DWI)上信号多变,但均无明显扩散受限,表观扩散系数(ADC)图上表现为高信号,增强扫描后实性部分明显强化。CM 的定量指标 NT2、NADC 及 NCE 均高于其他脑膜瘤(P 均<0.01),而 NT1无明显统计学差异(P =0.889)。病灶内有无囊变坏死、T2 WI 是否可见“流空效应”、瘤周水肿程度、是否出现脑膜尾征及宽基底对鉴别 CM 和其他脑膜瘤意义不大。结论CM 的MRI 表现有一定特征性,T2 WI 多表现为高信号,扩散不受限,强化程度更明显,NT2、NADC 及 NCE 的测定有助于提高其术前诊断的准确性。