直肠癌大组织切片系膜九分区法病理学研究

目的　探索直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术 (TME)的必要性和选择性全直肠系膜切除术(STME)的最佳切除范围。方法　以 31例直肠癌TME手术标本为对象 ,纵向由远及近以 5mm的间距连续取材 ,常规固定包埋 ,大组织切片机以 2 .5cm的间隔连续切片 ,HE染色 ,光学显微镜观察结果。将直肠系膜等分为内、中、外三个带 ,每带按左、右、后三个方向分为三个区 ,直肠癌在直肠系膜内的转移灶分别定位于上述九个区。结果　直肠系膜外带内癌转移 1 4例 (4 5 .2 % ) ,全部为低位直肠癌 ;远端直肠系膜 (DMR)内癌转移 2例 (6 .5 % ) ,均在原发灶下缘以远 3.0cm以内 ;环周切缘癌浸润 2例 (6 .5 % )。结论　低位直肠癌根治手术时 ,完整地切除直肠系膜非常必要 ;远端直肠系膜的切除应达到肿瘤下缘以远 4cm。     

Colonic pouch confers better bowel function and similar postoperative outcomes compared to straight anastomosis for low rectal cancer

BACKGROUNDWith advancements in laparoscopic technology and the wide application of linear staplers, sphincter-saving procedures are increasingly performed for low rectal cancer. However, sphincter-saving procedures have led to the emergence of a unique clinical disorder termed anterior rectal resection syndrome. Colonic pouch anastomosis improves the quality of life of patients with rectal cancer > 7 cm from the anal margin. But whether colonic pouch anastomosis can reduce the incidence of rectal resection syndrome in patients with low rectal cancer is unknown.AIMTo compare postoperative and oncological outcomes and bowel function of straight and colonic pouch anal anastomoses after resection of low rectal cancer.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective study of 72 patients with low rectal cancer who underwent sphincter-saving procedures with either straight or colonic pouch anastomoses. Functional evaluations were completed preoperatively and at 1, 6, and 12 mo postoperatively. We also compared perioperative and oncological outcomes between two groups that had undergone low or ultralow anterior rectal resection.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in mean operating time, blood loss, time to first passage of flatus and excrement, and duration of hospital stay between the colonic pouch and straight anastomosis groups. The incidence of anastomotic leakage following colonic pouch construction was lower (11.4% vs 16.2%) but not significantly different than that of straight anastomosis. Patients with colonic pouch construction had lower postoperative low anterior resection syndrome scores than the straight anastomosis group, suggesting better bowel function (preoperative: 4.71 vs 3.89, P = 0.43; 1 mo after surgery: 34.2 vs 34.7, P = 0.59; 6 mo after surgery: 22.70 vs 29.0, P < 0.05; 12 mo after surgery: 15.5 vs 19.5, P = 0.01). The overall recurrence and metastasis rates were similar (4.3% and 11.4%, respectively).CONCLUSIONColonic pouch anastomosis is a safe and effective procedure for colorectal reconstruction after low and ultralow rectal resections. Moreover, colonic pouch construction may provide better functional outcomes compared to straight anastomosis.     

腹腔镜器械切割缝合器在直肠癌低位保肛术中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜器械切割缝合器(ATP45)在直肠癌低位保肛术中应用的方法和效果.为提高低位直肠癌保肛率探索新的吻合方法.方法 回顾性分析17例低位直肠癌患者应用ATB45,在全直肠系膜切除(TME)的基础上完成保肛手术.结果 低位前切除术5例,超低位前切除术12例.ATB45切割、吻合直肠肠壁满意,断端出血少.患者恢复顺利,无吻合口瘘、吻合口出血等情况发生.结论 腹腔镜器械切割缝合器行低位直肠癌保肛手术,使双吻合器技术更加方便,矿大了低位直肠癌保肛手术的适应证范围,安全可亍.     

中低位直肠癌逆向转移的研究

目的探讨中低位直肠癌实施直肠全系膜切除术（TME）时，肿瘤平面以下系膜与肠管切除的范围。方法将60例经标准TME切除的中低位直肠癌肿瘤标本，以5mm间距由肿瘤下缘横断面连续取材至下切缘．大组织切片常规苏木精-伊红染色观察转移灶，并进行统计分析。结果有15例（25．0％）患者出现肠系膜逆向转移，转移距离0．5～4．0（2．47±1．06）cm；肠系膜逆向转移与Dukes分期（P〈0．01）、肠旁淋巴结转移（P〈0．01）和组织分化程度（P〈0．05）相关。11例（18．3％）患者为肠壁内逆向浸润，转移距离0．5～4．0（1．64±1．16）cm。肠壁内逆向浸润与组织分化程度相关（P〈0．05）。结论中低位直肠癌实施保肛手术时，宜切除4．0cm远端系膜和2．5cm肠管；肿瘤病理分期晚、有肠旁淋巴结转移和分化程度不良时，最好切除5cm远端系膜和肠管。     

中下段直肠癌远端壁内浸润和系膜转移的研究

目的 探讨中下段直肠癌远端壁内浸润和系膜转移的频率、类型,确定合适的远端切除长度.方法 对中山大学肿瘤医院2004年8月至2005年12月中下段直肠癌标本34例和山东省立医院2006年10月至2007年10月中下段直肠癌标本28例做病理学检查.用Logistic回归分析筛选与中下段直肠癌发生远端壁内浸润和系膜转移的临床病理因素.结果 直肠癌远端肠壁浸润形式为:黏膜下或肌肉间浸润,发生率为16%(10/62),浸润距离为0.5～1.0 cm.直肠癌远端系膜转移形式为:淋巴结转移、脉管转移、围神经转移、孤立癌灶,转移率为19%(12/62),浸润距离为0.5-4.0cm.Logistic单因素分析:血癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)水平、淋巴结转移、环周切缘癌浸润和Dukes分期与中下段直肠癌远端肠壁浸润和系膜转移有关.多因素分析:Dukes分期是独立影响因素.结论 Dukes分期是影响中下段直肠癌远端壁内浸润和系膜转移的独立因素(Wald=8.386,P=0.004).直肠癌手术切除远端肠管的长度最少为1.5 cm,但必须保证切除远端系膜的长度＞5.0 cm.     

深部弧形切割吻合器在低位和超低位直肠癌手术的应用价值

目的 探讨深部弧形切割吻合器在低位/超低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值.方法 2005年10月至2006年3月,对52例术前确诊为低位/超低位直肠癌的患者使用弧形切割吻合器施行直肠远端切割与闭合,配合圆形吻合器完成规范化直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术或微创化小切口全直肠系膜切除术低位/超低位/结肛吻合术.结果 患者均顺利完成吻合,切缘均无癌残留.术后未发生近期并发症.术后随访6-12个月无局部复发病例.结论 使用深部弧形切割吻合器具有更快捷的切割闭合程序、术中污染少、远切缘更安全、拓宽了深部闭合范围、适用于极低位直肠癌的远端钉合等优点,并可作为微创化/小切口直肠癌根治术的重要辅助工具.     

Total Rectal Resection and Complete Mesorectum Excision Followed by Coloendoanal Anastomosis as the Optimal Treatment for Low Rectal Cancer: The Experience of the National Cancer Institute of Milano

Background: At present, abdominoperineal resection remains the most diffuse method of treatment of very low rectal cancer. Today, we can avoid this method in some patients by using a sphincter-saving procedure.Methods: From March 1990 to January 1999, 273 consecutive total rectal resections and coloendoanal anastomoses were performed at our Institute; this study concerns 141 consecutive patients treated for a primary adenocarcinoma of the distal rectum, from 3.5 to 8 cm from the anal verge. Patient stratification, based on definitive pathological report, was 31 Dukes stage A (T2N0), 44 stage B (T3N0), and 66 stage C (T2N+–T3N+).Results: Overall recurrence rate was 9.2%; postoperative morbidity attributable to the procedure was low. A perfect continence was documented in 61% of cases. The only pathological factor related to local recurrence rate is peritumoral lymphocytic reaction inside and around the tumor (P = .0005 and .031) independently from the number of metastatic lymph nodes, depth of fatty tissue infiltration, and lymphatic and venous neoplastic emboli. The minimum follow-up time is 12 months.Conclusions: Our data, in accordance with other authors, seem to highlight the relevant role that a well-practiced surgery, together with accurate information on the spreading of this disease, has in achieving an optimal local control of cancer.Presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of Society of Surgical Oncology, Orlando, Florida, March 4–7, 1999.     

腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术

腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术已在临床上受到广泛认可。术中手术层面的识别与游离、盆腔自主神经的保护对于手术成功与否以及患者术后生活质量尤为重要。腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术中需注意：(1)直肠系膜与神经前筋膜之间游离;(2)紧贴直肠系膜游离间隙;(3)保证直肠系膜后方、两侧方和前方的完整;(4)TME手术直肠系膜终止线位于肛门直肠环,游离应到位,不能残留直肠系膜。实践证实,基于膜解剖的直肠癌全系膜切除有助于盆腔自主神经保护以及实现肿瘤的根治性切除。     

应用流式细胞技术及病理检测对直肠癌手术切除范围的再探讨

目的探讨直肠癌根治术合理的手术范围。方法应用病理检测和流式细胞技术,对30例直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术标本进行分析,观察直肠癌组织和癌远端3cm和5cm、正常肠管组织和癌旁3cm和5cm直肠系膜及正常结肠系膜组织的DNA倍体、DNA指数（DI）、增殖指数（PI）和增殖期细胞百分比（SPF）值的变化,并与病理检测相对照。结果病理检测结果显示：直肠癌远端3cm和5cm肠管中均未检测到癌浸润．而癌旁3cm和5cm直肠系膜癌转移率分别为26．7％和6．7％。流式细胞技术检测结果显示：癌组织的DI、P1和SPF值显著高于癌远端3cm和5cm及正常肠管组织,癌远端3cm肠管组织也显著高于癌远端5cm及正常肠管组织,而癌远端5cm肠管与正常肠管比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。癌组织细胞异倍体率与癌远端3cm肠管比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而显著高于癌远端5cm及正常肠管组织。癌组织的DI和异倍体率与癌旁3cm和5cm直肠系膜组织相比,差异无统计学意义．但显著高于正常系膜,而癌旁3cm和5cm直肠系膜组织的DI和异倍体率亦显著高于正常系膜。癌组织P1和SPF则显著高于癌旁3cm和5cm及正常系膜。结论病理学分析结果显示．直肠癌远端3cm肠管组织为安全组织;而流式细胞学分析结果显示．直肠癌远端3cm肠管组织和癌旁5cm直肠系膜为不安全组织;手术切除范围应达癌远端系膜5cm以上。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治腹部无切口经肛切除套入式吻合102例经验

目的探讨腹部无切口经肛门切除标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治套入式吻合术的安全性和可行性及临床疗效。 方法从2010年3月至2017年12月对102例低位直肠癌行腹腔镜下根治经肛门切除行套入式吻合保肛术,男43例,女59例。年龄36～81岁(平均59.6岁)。肿瘤距肛缘5～7 cm 85例,4 cm 17例,术前评估T₁N₀M₀ 79例,T₂N₀M₀ 23例。采用中间入路用超声刀沿乙状结肠系膜根部游离并裸化肠系膜下动静脉根部后,施夹并切断。按TME原则,游离直肠至肛管直肠环达肿瘤远端3～5 cm。会阴部手术距齿状线上2 cm处环型切开,沿黏膜下锐性向上剥离至提肛肌平面切断直肠,将直肠及远端乙状结肠一并从肛门移出体外切除,行套入式近端结肠全层与直肠黏膜及肠黏膜下吻合。 结果本组102例,手术平均时间为179 min,平均检出淋巴结13枚,术后发生吻合口漏3例(2.9%)行临时结肠造口,3个月后还纳愈合。吻合口狭窄2例(1.9%),经扩张后狭窄解除。术后病理为T₁～T₂N₀M₀ 49例,T₂N₁M₀ 53例。术后12个月肛门功能,Kirwan分级1级占94.1%,肛门功能基本恢复到正常。术后随访6～84月,平均45个月,局部肿瘤复发4例(3.9%),生存满3年以上67例。 结论腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治腹部无切口经肛门切除套入式吻合保肛术,是安全可行,真正达到腹部无手术切口、无瘢痕、美容美观、完全微创的最佳效果,其远期疗效待进一步随访观察。     

RT-PCR检测直肠癌在直肠系膜的播散范围及临床意义

目的　以CEAmRNA为标记物 ,应用RT PCR技术检测直肠癌在直肠系膜的播散范围 ,以探讨直肠癌根治术直肠系膜的合理切除范围。方法　 4 0例直肠癌全系膜切除的手术标本 ,取不同距离的直肠系膜以CEAmRNA为标记物 ,应用RT PCR技术检测其有无癌转移。结果　在 4 0例病例中发现直肠系膜有癌播散者 9例 (2 2 .5 % ) ,播散最远距离在肿瘤下缘下 4cm。直肠癌在直肠系膜的播散与Dukes分期、肿瘤浸润肠壁深度、肿瘤分化程度及肿瘤分型相关 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,与肿瘤大小及CEA水平无明显相关性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　直肠癌根治术中距肿瘤下缘 5cm范围是直肠系膜的安全切缘。     

Intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer: laparoscopic vs open surgery approach

Aim Laparoscopic sphincter‐saving surgery has been investigated for rectal cancer but not for tumours of the lower third. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer. Method From 1990 to 2007, patients with rectal tumour below 6 cm from the anal verge and treated by open or laparoscopic curative intersphincteric resection were included in a retrospective comparative study. Surgery included total mesorectal excision with internal sphincter excision and protected low coloanal anastomosis. Neoadjuvant treatment was given to patients with T3 or N+ tumours. Recurrence and survival were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the Logrank test. Function was assessed using the Wexner continence score. Results Intersphincteric resection was performed in 175 patients with low rectal cancer: 110 had laparoscopy and 65 had open surgery. The two groups were similar according to age, sex, body mass index, ASA score, tumour stage and preoperative radiotherapy. Postoperative mortality (zero) and morbidity (23%vs 28%; P = 0.410) were similar in both groups. There was no difference in 5‐year local recurrence (5%vs 2%; P = 0.349) and 5‐year disease‐free survival (70%vs 71%; P = 0.862). Function and continence scores (11 vs 12; P = 0.675) were similar in both groups. Conclusion Intersphincteric resection did not alter long‐term tumour control of low rectal cancer. The safety and efficacy of the laparoscopic approach for intersphincteric resection are suggested by a similar short‐ and long‐term outcome as obtained by open surgery.     

Endoscopic posterior mesorectal resection as an option to combine local treatment of early stage rectal cancer with partial mesorectal lymphadenectomy

Background and aims Low anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection with total mesorectal excision are the standard treatment in patients with low rectal cancer. Rectal resection remains a surgical intervention with considerable morbidity and long-term impairment of quality of life. Local excision of low rectal cancer is regarded as an alternative to radical surgery; however, occurrence of lymph node metastasis even in patients with highly differentiated early-stage rectal cancer may be underestimated. Patients and results In two patients with T1 rectal cancer, minimal-invasive partial excision of the mesorectum was performed after transanal excision of the tumor. The postoperative course was uneventful in both patients. Patients left the hospital on the fourth and fifth postoperative day without any complaints. In one patient, histo-pathological workup revealed a lymph node metastasis in the specimen. Discussion The technique of “Endoscopic posterior mesorectal resection” represents an interesting option in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer, as it allows for the first time an organ preserving resection of local lymph nodes in the small pelvis. It may evolve as an efficient new staging procedure to identify patients with metastatic disease who may benefit from multimodal treatment or extended surgery.     

The oncological safety of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with sphincter preservation for rectal carcinoma

Background Although experience of laparoscopic treatment of rectal carcinoma has been reported, there is no evidence of its oncological safety because most procedures included partial mesorectal excision or abdominoperineal excision and quality of surgery is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the oncological results of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with sphincter preservation for rectal carcinoma.Methods From 2000 to 2003, 144 patients underwent laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis for mid and low rectal adenocarcinoma. There were 88 men and 56 women, with a median age of 65 years. The tumor was located at 5.5 cm (range 1–12) from the anal verge and was classified uT1T2 in 25 cases and uT3 in 119 cases. One hundred twenty patients received preoperative radiotherapy.Results Postoperative mortality and morbidity were 1% and 34% respectively. Conversion was 14% (n = 20). Macroscopic assessment of the specimen (n = 92) showed an intact mesorectum in 88% of the cases. The distal margin and the circumferential margin were safe in 98% and 94% of the cases, respectively. A complete microscopic excision, i.e., R0 resection, was achieved in 134 cases (93%). Pathological data were similar to those of an open match group. With a median follow-up of 18 months, there was no port-site recurrence and two patients had local recurrence (1.4%). The 3-year overall and disease- free survival rates were 89% and 77%, respectively.Conclusions A high quality of surgical excision can be achieved by the laparoscopic dissection, suggesting that this approach in treatment of rectal carcinoma is oncologically safe.     

Variables related to risk of recurrence in rectal cancer without lymph node metastasis

Background: There has been recent interest in the use of local excision for rectal cancer under consideration of patient's quality of life. However, local excision of the primary tumor does not remove the areas of lymphatic spread. Therefore, the decision to use this procedure must be considered carefully. Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed 142 patients who underwent radical resection of rectal cancer without lymph node metastasis in order to define the risk factors for recurrence. The macroscopic and microscopic pathological characteristics, immunohistochemical staining for p53, and DNA ploidy pattern of the primary tumor were examined as potential predictors of recurrence. Results: The rates for 5-year disease-free survival, local control, freedom from distant metastasis, and overall survival in these 142 patients were 87%, 93%, 93%, and 91%, respectively. Factors related to recurrence and prognosis included the depth of tumor invasion, vascular/lymphatic involvement, tumor differentiation, and tumor size. However, p53 staining and DNA ploidy pattern were not useful indicators. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that adjunctive radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be considered for patients who have rectal cancer without lymph node metastasis in the following situations: tumor invasion of the serosa, vascular/lymphatic involvement, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and lesions >2 cm in diameter. Local excision should not be used in these situations, even if there are no lymph node metastases. The results of this study were presented at the 46th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, California, March 18–21, 1993.     

The indication and surgical results of local excision following radiotherapy for low rectal cancer

Aim Radical surgery of rectal cancer is associated with significant morbidity, and some patients with low‐lying lesions must accept a permanent colostomy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of local excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer for curative purposes. Method One hundred and seven patients with rectal carcinoma performed with local excision were analysed retrospectively. Results The procedures of local excision were trans‐anal resection in 83 patients, trans‐sacral resection in 16, trans‐sphincteric local resection in five, and trans‐vaginal resection in three. The overall disease‐free survival rate was 80.4% (86/107), including 90.0% (54/60) for T1 and 72.3% (34/47) for T2 tumours, respectively. Eighty‐two of 107 patients underwent adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy after local excision, and 25 did not, and the DFS rates between radiation and nonradiation group were significantly different for T2 [81.6% (31/38) vs 33.3% (3/9), P < 0.05], but not for T1 tumours (90.9%vs 87.5%, P > 0.05). The rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis were 13.1% (14/107) and 4.7% (5/106), respectively, and the median time to relapse was 15 months (range: 10–53) for local recurrence and 30 months (21–65) for distant recurrence. The risk factors for local recurrence were large tumour (≥3 cm), poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and T2 tumour. Conclusions Local excision followed adjuvant radiotherapy is an alternative and feasible technique for small T1 rectal cancer in selected cases.     

大切片CK20染色对中下段直肠癌远端转移的研究

目的 探讨中下段直肠癌远端壁内浸润和系膜转移的频率、类型,确定合适的病灶远端切除长度.方法 收集中山大学肿瘤医院2004年8月至2005年12月中下段直肠癌标本34例,山东省立医院2006年10月至2007年10月中下段直肠癌标本28例,分别用HE和CK20(cytokeratin,CK)染色,观察中下段直肠癌远端癌灶存在形式及分布规律.Logistic回归分析筛选与中下段直肠癌发生远端壁内浸润和系膜转移的临床病理因素.结果 直肠癌远端肠壁浸润形式为:黏膜下或肌肉间浸润发生率为16%(10/62),扩散距离0.5～1.0 cm.直肠癌远端系膜转移形式为:淋巴结转移、脉管转移、周围神经转移、孤立癌灶,发生率为24%(15/62),扩散距离0.5～4.0 cm.CK20染色观察3例患者存在远端系膜癌灶.Logistic单因素分析显示,血CEA水平、淋巴结转移、环周切缘癌浸润(circumferential margin involvement,CMI)和TNM分期与中下段直肠癌远端肠壁浸润和系膜转移有关.多因素分析显示,TNM分期是中下段直肠癌远端转移的独立影响因素(Wald=9.567,P=0.002).结论 TNM分期是影响中下段直肠癌远端壁内浸润和系膜转移的独立因素.直肠癌手术切除远端肠管长度达1.5 cm即可,但必须保证切除远端系膜长度不少于5 cm.     

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery in the treatment of select rectal cancers or tumors suspicious for cancer

Background: This study describes a personal experience with the use of transanal endoscopic microsurgery to facilitate surgical access, and to determine the ability of this technique to reduce the need for major abdominal procedure and prevent the need for a temporary or permanent colostomy in select patients with known or suspected rectal cancer. Methods: The subjects of this study were 43 patients with rectal cancer or tumors who had a high likelihood of malignancy. The 24 men and 19 women comprised two groups: patients with known cancer (n = 16) and patients with tumors suspicious for cancer (n = 27), six of whom proved to have invasive malignancy. The tumors ranged in size from 1 to 7 cm (average, 3.5 cm). The tumors inferior level in the rectum ranged from –1 to 21 cm (average, 6.5 cm). Eleven patients known to have rectal cancer were treated with preoperative radiation or chemoradiation. By ordinary standards, 22 patients would have received an abdominal perineal resection; 14 patients would have qualified for abdominal sphincter–preserving operations; and 7 patients were indeterminate. Full-thickness local excisions were disk excisions (n = 23), hemicircumferential excisions (n = 19), and sleeve resection (n = 1). The ages of the patients ranged from 30 to 91 years (average, 66.7 years). Results: In this study, 90% avoided a major abdominal operation (39/43), and 90% avoided an abdominal perineal resection of the patients (20/22). The complications were as follows: mortality (n = 10), morbidity (n = 9), minor wound separation (n = 6), and major wound separation (n = 3). Two of these complications were rectovaginal fistulas: the one in a 91-year-old patient who presented with a fistula and the other in a 77-year-old patient who presented with a previously irradiated and incompletely excised cancer. A single instance of locally recurrent cancer required an abdominal perineal resection. There were no other recurrences. Overall, three patients required a stoma (7%). Conclusion: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery promises to offer a safe and effective option for the selective treatment of patients with rectal cancer after preoperative chemoirradiation, and for the management of tumors suspicious for rectal cancer. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery used selectively can reduce the need for major abdominal surgery and colostomy.     

Effect of rectal washout on local recurrence of rectal cancer in the era of total mesorectal excision: Meta-analysis

IntroductionPresence of intraluminal viable cancer cells implanting into the anastomosis has been proposed as a potential cause for developing local recurrence in patients undergoing anterior resection for rectal cancer. Rectal washout has been proposed as a method to prevent this from happening. There have been conflicting reports in literature regarding the effect of rectal washout on local recurrence. We aim to look at the role of rectal washout in preventing local recurrence of rectal cancer in patients undergoing total or tumor-specific mesorectal excision (TME).Materials and methodsA literature review of studies evaluating the role of rectal washout on rectal cancer local recurrence was performed using PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and non-English language literature search using CiNii (Japanese) and CNKI (Chinese). Inclusion criteria were use of TME, comparison of rectal washout with no washout, and evaluation of local recurrence as outcome.ResultsFour studies were identified according to inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed a protective effect of rectal washout on local recurrence (OR 0.45 95% CI 0.45–0.75). However, one of the studies included had more than 90% weightage. Excluding this study from analysis showed no difference on local recurrence with rectal washout (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.37–2.36).ConclusionThe effect of rectal washout on rectal cancer local recurrence in patients who undergo TME is questionable and needs to be evaluated further by prospective studies.     

腹腔镜直肠癌手术方法探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌的方法与可行性。方法:2002年3月至2008年3月,我院为42例直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜直肠癌根治切除术,术中应用彭氏多功能手术解剖器(Peng's multifunctional operational dissection,PMOD)行全直肠系膜切除术,31例行直肠外翻切除术,6例腹腔内直肠切除远侧端拉出肛门外用国产吻合器行结直肠吻合术,5例高位直肠癌患者中1例腹腔内荷包缝合,4例用闭合器钉合远侧端再用吻合器完成结直肠吻合术。结果:42例手术均获成功。手术时间120~260min,平均160min;术后1~3d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,术后住院6~12d,平均9d。术中及术后均无并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌手术中应用PMOD行全直肠系膜切除术,中下段直肠癌行直肠外翻切除术,用国产吻合器吻合结直肠手术安全可靠,可以替代进口吻合器的双吻合技术。