甘泉医院病人集体膳食调查

目的评价病人集体膳食各种营养素供给量的合理性。方法采用“称量法”对住院饮食为普食的２０５例病人进行三日膳食调查。结果病人平均每人每日摄入的总热量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、铁、维生素ＰＰ、维生素Ｂ２、维生素Ｃ等基本上达到我国推荐的膳食营养素供给量ＲＤＡ标准。钙、维生素Ｂ１、视黄醇当量的摄入量低于ＲＤＡ标准。结论普食病人每人每日热量摄入充足，三大营养素比例恰当，膳食结构合理。但某些无机盐、维生素供给量应适当增加。     

每日膳食中营养素供给量标准曲线

合理的营养可以维持正常生理功能,促进健康和生长发育。为此中国生理科学会第三届全国营养学术会议暨营养学会成立大会1981年修订了每日膳食中营养素供给量标准。为了能够动态的评价不同年龄和不同劳动强度时每日膳食中营养素供给量,我们计算出供给量的标准曲线,以便     

南通市某毛纺厂职工营养素摄入量与DRIs和RDA的比较分析

用称重记帐法进行营养调查,并将计算结果与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量标准（DRIs)和每日膳食中营养素供给量标准（RDA）进行比较分析。结果：运用DRIs对南通市升阳毛纺厂职工营养素摄入量进行统计,认为热能,蛋白质供应充足,脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量适宜,钙和VitC摄入量不足,建议调整食改善烹调方法,做到平衡膳食。     

烟台市芝罘区学龄前儿童膳食现状

采用分层整群抽样方法，对芝罘区21所幼儿园2983名学龄前儿童进行了膳食现状调查，年龄中位数5岁，采取形式为记帐法，时间是7d。调查结果为：人均摄取热量1455．9千卡，占标准供给量85．64％，蛋白质48．4g，占标准供给量93．1％，膳食中营养搭配存在着不合理现象，膳食供应中谷类食物较多，动物性食物偏少。笔者于2005年对烟台市芝罘辖区内3～6岁学龄前儿童膳食状况进行了一次抽样调查，现将调查结果分析报告如下。     

营养干预对雷达操纵员微量营养素代谢的影响

目的　通过营养干预 ,探讨雷达操纵员机体与暗适应有关的微量营养素代谢情况。方法　选择年龄在 1 8～ 2 9岁 ,34名雷达操纵员 (男性战士 )为实验对象 ,分对照组和实验组 ,实验组按营养素供给量标准补充VA、Zn、Se ,实验期为 4周。在实验后血清Zn、Se和VA含量较对照组增高 ,差别非常显著 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　雷达操纵员按照营养供给量标准量连续补充 4周后 ,实验组人员血清中Zn、Se、VA含量显著增高 ,达到或超过正常营养水平 ,由此表明 ,可有效地提高机体的暗适应功能。     

医学生食堂合理营养状况调查

中国营养学会公布的《中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔》和《推荐每日膳食中营养素供给量》,提出了食物定量方案和不同人群各种营养素供给量标准,这对评价集体或个人的膳食结构、营养素的供给量具有指导意义。根据这些标准,作对本院99级学生及在食堂就餐的工人,选定该年11月份所摄食品进行营养分析对比,用以指导学生合理膳食及学生食堂经营管理,现报告如下。     

饮食习惯对血脂水平的影响

目的探讨饮食习惯对血脂水平的影响,为当地人群合理营养指导提供科学依据。方法将1 500例正常饮食的人群(普食组)和800例寺院僧侣(素食组)随机分为两组:40岁以上组和40岁以下组,并测试所有人员体内总胆固醇,甘油三酯,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。结果对于40岁以上组和40岁以下组人群,素食组血液中TCH、TG、LDL-C含量均低于普食组,而HDL-C较普食组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。素食组血液中TCH、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C的血脂异常率较普食组低(P<0.05)。结论血脂水平与饮食习惯有关;摄取平衡饮食并建立良好的生活饮食习惯,加上坚持体育锻炼,有利于降低高脂血症和心脑血管疾病发生率。     

农村定向男学生的膳食营养状况调查

对沈阳市体育运动学校农村定向培养师资班的58名男学生(年龄15～18岁)进行了人体测量、三天称重法膳食调查及24小时尿中VC和VB_2排出量检测。结果表明,膳食中食物种类单一,肉类食品少;但热能摄入量比较充足,平均每人每日为12301kJ(2490kCal),达供给量标准的104％;蛋白质的平均日摄入量为74.7g,为供给量标准的85.6％,但优质蛋白仅占蛋白总量的16.7％;钙、VA、VB_1、VB_2缺乏严重,仅达供给量的50％左右。24小时尿中VC和VB_2平均含量分别为29.6±17.3mg和143.6±56.9μg。结果提示,该人群的膳食营养状况较差。     

西山矿务局白家庄矿煤矿工人改善膳食前后营养状况对比研究

本文对西山矿务局白家庄矿54名煤矿工人膳食改善前后的营养状况进行了调查。结果表明,改善前,热能及各种营养素的摄入量除铁、硫胺素和尼克酸超过供给量标准外,热能、蛋白质、钙、VA、VB_2和VC均未达到供给量标准。经过1个月的改善后,矿工的钙和VC均达到了供给量的要求,热能和蛋白质营养水平有所提高。矿工的血红蛋白、血清钙、尿VB_2和VC均有所提高。     

在我院开设《食品营养学》课程的可行性分析

《食品营养学》是研究食物、营养、与人体健康的一门科学.是由基础营养学为核心,包括基础营养学、特殊人群营养、营养与疾病、公共营养等四部分组成.通过本课程的讲授可使学生具备分析和评价食物营养价值的基本技能;掌握各营养素的生理功能、缺乏症、供给量标准和食物来源;不同人群的生理特点以及对营养的需要与膳食供给;营养与疾病的关系;疾病的饮食预防与治疗原则等.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.