腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤（ＡＡＡ）腔内隔绝术的手术指征、手术方法、操作要点和存在的问题。方法１例高龄男性和多病并存的ＡＡＡ患者在全麻和选择性动脉造影动态监控下,用１１．０ｃｍ×２．６ｃｍ的内支撑－涤纶血管复合体,对ＡＡＡ进行了腔内隔绝术。结果术后１周和２０天分别行彩超和螺旋ＣＴ复查显示：复合体内径为２．２～２．４ｃｍ,通畅,无移位和扭曲。复合体壁外原ＡＡＡ腔内充满血栓,未探及通畅的腰动脉和肠系膜下动脉,ＡＡＡ外径无变化。复合体近端与ＡＡＡ颈前壁之间有一微裂隙,但对ＡＡＡ体影响不大。随访６个月,患者腹部搏动性肿块及左下肢间歇性跛行消失。结论ＡＡＡ腔内隔绝术避免了传统ＡＡＡ手术的各种缺点,而具简便、微创和疗效确实的优点,有良好的应用价值。     

胸、腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的临床应用

美国主动脉瘤列疾病死亡的第十三位,在老龄人口中,主动脉瘤破裂是更为常见的死亡原因,在死于腹主动脉瘤破裂的患者中,83%年龄大于65岁.胸、腹主动脉瘤在西方国家发病率高于我国,但随着我国的人口老龄化和饮食结构的改变,胸、腹主动脉瘤在我国的发病率逐年上升.胸、腹主动脉瘤一旦形成,其自然病程是瘤体逐渐增大直到破裂,除非患者在瘤体破裂前因其它原因死亡.Bickerstaff等报道,胸主动脉瘤(thoracic aortic aneurysm,TAA)诊断后的5年生存率为13%,其中动脉瘤破裂致死者占70%.Estes报道腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)诊断后的5年生存率为19%,10年生存率为0,其中63%的患者死于动脉瘤破裂.外科手术是预防胸、腹主动脉瘤破裂的唯一有效方法.传统的手术方法为经胸或经腹行主动脉瘤切开或切除,人工血管主动脉重建术.手术指征动脉瘤横径大于5cm或每年直径增加0.5cm以上,以及有压迫周围脏器等伴随症     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后内漏

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后内漏 (ｅｎｄｏｌｅａｋ)是腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗过程中所产生的并发症[1] 。腔内治疗的方法是在腹主动脉瘤腔内放置带膜的血管支架 ,用移植物将循环血流和动脉瘤囊相隔开 ,使动脉瘤不再承受到循环血流的冲击 ,不再承受动脉压的压力 ,腹主动脉瘤不再增大和破裂。如果经过腔内隔绝术后 ,移植物外层的动脉瘤囊内仍有循环血流进入或进出 ,说明动脉瘤未与循环系统完全隔开 ,动脉瘤继续扩大甚至发生破裂 ,导致腹主动脉瘤隔绝手术的失败[2 ,3] 。所有类型移植物的内漏率是 2 4% (12 4/ 5 2 3) ,即发性内漏率约为 17% (89/ 5 2…     

腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉瘤一例

我们应用腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉瘤（ＴＡＡ）１例,报告如下。患者,男,３６岁。因骨髓异常增生综合征—ＲＡ型入我院,Ｂ超检查发现胸降主动脉瘤。检体：四肢动脉搏动正常,心脏左室收缩功能降低;血常规示全血细胞减少,血生化检查血白蛋白降低;肺、肾功能正常。Ｄｕ...     

针对腔内隔绝术的腹主动脉瘤分型探讨

我们在积累了一定的临床经验的基础上总结了针对腔内隔绝术(ＥＶＥ)的腹主动脉瘤(ＡＡＡ)分型。资料与方法1.一般资料:1997年3月以来我院共进行了肾下ＡＡＡ的ＥＶＥ52例。术前评估以螺旋ＣＴ为主[1],辅以ＭＲＡ。2.测量参数:测量参数主要有:远近端瘤颈、瘤体、髂总动脉的内径、长度,瘤体的最大外径,髂外动脉的内径。3.分型方法:根据远近端瘤颈长度分为3型,以罗马数字Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ表示。Ⅰ型定义为近端瘤颈(瘤体上缘至肾动脉开口水平)长度大于或等于15ｍｍ,远端瘤颈(瘤体下缘至主动脉分叉)的长度大于或等于10ｍｍ。Ⅱ型为近端瘤颈长度大于或等…     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术内漏处理进展

内漏是腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术常见的并发症,也是导致腔内隔绝术失败最主要的原因。本文综述了内漏形成的机制,结合作者单位的经验,讨论了术中内漏的处理方法,并在文献复习的基础上,对随访期内漏与动脉瘤发展之间的关系以及处理原则进行了探讨。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术与传统术式比较

治疗腹主动脉瘤(AAA)传统的手术方式为AAA人造血管内置术。目前逐步发展的是AAA腔内隔绝术。本通过两种术式的手术方法、临床应用和生物学反应的比较表明，AAA腔内隔绝术较传统手术最主要的优点是减少了创伤程度，避免了全麻，避免了剖腹术，避免了手术中主动脉的钳夹．避免了缺血再灌注后氧自由基、TNF-2、IL-1β、IL-6等的损伤。避免了手术后常见的心、肺、肾并发症，明显降低了术后见亡率，尤其使那些有严章并存病而不能耐受AAA切除的高危病人荻得了救治的希望。     

腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤

目的 探讨血管腔内隔绝术(EVE)成功的因素。方法6例患者行EVE治疗，5例用普通内支架置入术，1例应用肱股导丝牵张技术。结果6例EVE治疗过程顺利。6例近期疗效显著，无相关并发症发生。结论术前精确测量相关参数，选择大小及类型适当的支架及肱股导丝牵张技术是EVE成功的重要因素。     

腹主动脉瘤患者腔内隔绝术后生化指标观察

目的：观察腹主动脉瘤患腔内隔绝术（EVGE）后生化指标的变化。方法：回顾性观察分析78例腹主动脉瘤患传统手术（OS）及EVGE后血清总蛋白,白蛋白,球蛋白,肌酐,尿素氮水平的改变情况。结果：两组术前上述指标均无显性差别。术后OS组总蛋白,白蛋白均有显下降,血肌酐及尿素氮均明显升高;球蛋白,总胆红素,间接胆红素无明显变化。EVGE组术后总蛋白,白蛋白,球蛋白及白球比值均明显下降,直接胆红素增加,总胆红素,间接胆红素,肌酐,尿素氮无明显变化。术后OS组较EVGE组白球比值明显下降（P＝0．0082）,BUN明显升高（P＝0．0497）。结论：EVGE对肝肾功能的影响小,是适合腹主动脉瘤患的微创疗法。     

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤（附91例临床分析）

目的探讨腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的手术指征、术前评估方法、手术操作技巧、并发症防治原则及临床应用前景.方法回顾性分析本中心1998年9月至2001年7月间采用腔内隔绝术治疗91例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的经验.术前CTA或MRA显示夹层动脉瘤最大直径为6.6mm±1.8mm(4.0～10.0mm);70例表现为单一夹层裂口,21例表现为多裂口.手术方法为经股动脉或腹主动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口,手术在DSA监视下完成.结果即时手术成功率为98.9%;70例单一夹层裂口病人中,62例使用了单一移植物,7例使用2个移植物,一例使用3个移植物;21例多夹层裂口者,8例使用2个移植物同时封闭不同部位夹层裂口,12例远端夹层裂口旷置,一例中转开胸手术;6例手术结束时残存Ⅰ型内漏;3例术后近期死亡,其余病例术后无心、肺、肾功能衰竭及截瘫等严重并发症.术后随访1～34个月,一例术后11个月猝死,2例分别于术后14个月和24个月再发Stanford A型胸主夹层瘤而行Bentall手术,其余病人未出现与夹层及手术相关的并发症.结论腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种创伤小、恢复快的新方法,短期的随访结果表明该技术安全、有效;内漏是该方法的主要并发症并可能导致病人术后即期死亡;该方法的远期疗效有待继续随访.     

微创腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的：探讨腔内隔绝术（ＥＶＧＥ）治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤（ＤＡＡ）的临床应用价值。方法：２３例ＤｅｂａｋｅｙⅢ型ＤＡＡ患者,经股动脉将直形人造血管－支架复合体（移植物）导入夹层动脉瘤裂口处,支架张开使人造血管固定于裂口附近的动脉壁上,将裂口封闭,消除动脉瘤破裂的危险。结果：３例术中出现内漏的病人,经即时附加导入移植物而将漏门封闭。全部获得成功。结论：ＥＶＧＥ治疗ＤＡＡ,创伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快,有广阔的临床应用前景。     

肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉瘤外科治疗的若干问题(附461例报告)

提高肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉瘤手术的安全性。方法：总结１９６０年１月～２００１年３月４６１例腹主动脉瘤切除、人造血管移植及腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的经验。结果：随着腹膜后途径和小切口等技术的应用,动脉瘤近端血流控制、动脉瘤切除以及缝合修补和腔内隔绝术等方法的更新,使手术危险性明显降低,手术死亡率４．８％,５年存活率达７４．４％。结论：手术技术和麻醉监护的进步,使腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗变得更安全、迅速和方便。     

Simultaneous Open and Endoluminal Repair of Ruptured Abdominal and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Report of a Case

A 66-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital for emergency treatment of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and impending rupture of a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) caused by a Stanford type-B dissection. She had severe coronary artery disease and a highly calcified aorta, and had been taking long-term steroids for rheumatoid arthritis. Endovascular repair of the TAA failed because the femoral artery was too small, so we performed simultaneous repair of the TAA and the AAA. A temporary axillofemoral bypass was constructed and the AAA was replaced with a bifurcated prosthetic graft. A thoracic stent graft was delivered successfully through a chimney graft of the abdominal graft. About 4 months later, the TAA extended proximally, causing hemoptysis, which was stopped by placing a new stent graft proximal to the previous one. This case report shows that a combination of open and endovascular repair is useful for treating a TAA with an AAA, especially in a small or frail patient.     

Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with Aortocaval Fistula

OBJECTIVES: To examine the risk of high-flow type II endoleak following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm with aortocaval fistula. DESIGN: Case reports. SUBJECTS: Two patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms with aortocaval fistula. METHODS: Both patients had an endovascular repair of their aortic aneurysms. RESULTS: The aneurysms were successfully treated in both patients, without any endoleak on completion angiography. Apart from a transient type II lumbar endoleak in one of the patients, no endoleak was found after 3 and 12 month follow-up. Seven other cases have been published, reporting one type II and one type Ic endoleak. CONCLUSION: We found no evidence that endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm with aortocaval fistula is associated with a higher incidence of persistent endoleak.     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤合并腹主动脉瘤的一期腔内治疗(附1例报告)

目的 :探讨胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤合并腹主动脉瘤病人作一期腔内隔绝术治疗的可行性、手术操作技巧及并发症防治原则。临床资料 :1例StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤合并腹主动脉及双侧髂动脉瘤的病人于 2 0 0 1年 2月在本中心接受了腔内隔绝术。术前CTA显示 :主动脉自弓降部开始出现夹层 ,一直延伸到腹主动脉分叉上6cm ,假腔的最大直径达 6 .6cm ;肾下腹主动脉瘤的最大直径为 4 .5cm ,瘤颈受夹层累及 ;双侧髂总动脉各有一直径 2 .5cm的真性动脉瘤。手术在全麻下进行 ,降主动脉植入规格为 34mm× 34mm× 1 30mm的直管型Talent移植物封闭夹层裂口 ;腹主动脉植入规格为 2 6mm× 1 4mm× 1 4 5mm的分叉型Talent移植物。将腹主动脉瘤和双侧髂动脉瘤隔绝 ,手术耗时 30 0min ,失血 30 0ml,透视 62min ,造影 5次 ,使用造影剂 2 0 0ml。术后病人恢复顺利 ,术后第 2天出ICU ,术后 30d出院。随访 1年 ,病人生活质量良好 ,复查CT示胸主动脉、腹主动脉瘤及髂动脉瘤完全封闭。结论 :腔内隔绝术的微创特点使一期治疗StandordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤合并腹主动脉瘤成为一种比较安全的手术。术后应先处理胸主夹层处理腹主动脉瘤 ,以减少后半程手术对先前植入物的影响     

Endovascular Treatment of Symptomatic and Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Aim: To report our early experience with endovascular treatment of symptomatic and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) using the Talent bifurcated stent graft.

Patients-methods: From August 2003 to May 2007 nine patients with symptomatic AAA (sAAA) (two after previous endovascular repair and endoleak), and eleven patients with ruptured AAA (rAAA) (one with ruptured iliac aneurysm and one with spontaneous aortic rupture) were treated endovascularly. Seven bifurcated stent grafts, (six Talent), and two iliac extensions were implanted into the patients with sAAA, and nine bifurcated stent grafts (eight Talent) and two aorto-uniliacs were implanted into the patients with rAAA.

Results: The deployment of the endovascular device in the intended location was successful in all patients. There was no conversion to open surgery. One patient with sAAA died after stroke and sepsis resulting in 11.1% 30-day mortality in this group. One required re-intervention for a type I endoleak before his discharge. Eight patients were discharged and during a follow-up period of 4–42 months (median 18 months) they have remained well. Two patients with rAAA died in the 30-day postoperative period. Thirty-day mortality was 18.1%. An unintended occlusion of one renal artery was performed. There were 9 survivors. During a follow-up period of 17–45 months (median 26 months) one more died of myocardial infarction.

Conclusion: Initial experience with endovascular treatment of patients with symptomatic or ruptured AAA, using the Talent bifurcated stent graft is promising. Bifurcated endografts can be implanted into patients with rAAA. A larger number of patients and longer follow-up is necessary to arrive at more reliable conclusions.     

Final Results of the Prospective European Trial of the Endurant Stent Graft for Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Objectives

The Endurant Stent Graft System (Medtronic Vascular, Santa Rosa, CA) is specifically designed to treat patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm, including those with difficult anatomies. This is the 1-year report of a prospective, non-randomised, open-label trial at 10 European centres.

Methods

Between November 2007 and August 2008, 80 patients were enrolled for elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with the Endurant; 71 with moderate (≤60°) and nine with high (60–75°) infrarenal aortic neck angulation. Safety and stent-graft performance were assessed throughout a 1-year follow-up period.

Results

The device was successfully delivered and deployed in all cases. All-cause mortality was 5% (4/80), with one possibly device-related death. Serious adverse events were comparable between the high and moderate angulation groups. There were no device migrations, stent fractures, aortic ruptures or conversions to open repair. Maximal aneurysm diameter decreased >5 mm in 42.7% of cases. A total of 28 endoleaks were observed (26 type II, two undetermined). Three secondary endovascular procedures were performed for outflow vessel stenosis, graft limb occlusion and iliac extension, resulting in a secondary patency rate of 100%. No re-interventions were required in the high angulation group.

Conclusions

The Endurant Stent Graft was successfully delivered and deployed in all cases and performed safely and effectively in all patients, including those with unfavourable proximal neck anatomy.