联合检测UBC、HA和CK20诊断膀胱癌的临床价值

背景与目的:膀胱癌是最常见的泌尿系统肿瘤,尿脱落细胞学检查是无创性诊断的金标准,但敏感性较低.本研究探讨联合运用尿膀胱癌抗原(urinary bladder cancer,UBC)、透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)和细胞角蛋白20(cytokeratin 20,CK20)诊断膀胱癌的临床价值.方法:对64例膀胱癌患者、20例泌尿系良性疾病患者,在膀胱镜检查之前留尿,分别采用酶链免疫吸附实验、放射免疫分析和逆转录聚合酶链反应检测UBC、HA和CK20在尿液中的表达,同时行脱落细胞学检查,分析比较4种方法诊断膀胱癌的临床价值.结果:UBC、HA和CK20诊断膀胱癌的敏感性分别为85.9%(55/64)、89.1%(57/64)、78.1%(50/64),与脱落细胞学(40.6%)检查比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);4种方法诊断膀胱癌的特异性分别为85,0%(17/20)、80.0%(16/20)、80%(16/20)和95%(19/20).各分级和分期肿瘤UBC、HA和CK20的敏感性分别高于尿脱落细胞学检查,UBC值各分级和分期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).HA检测G2、G3组较G1组明显增高(P<0.01),但G2、G3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各分期之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).CK20检测随肿瘤的分级与分期的增高,敏感性增高(P<0.01).联合运用UBC、HA和CK20敏感性可达96.9%,特异性达100%.结论:联合UBC、HA和CK20能提高诊断膀胱癌的敏感性和特异性,初步诊断能够代替膀胱镜检查.     

膀胱癌抗原在膀胱移行细胞癌诊断中的价值

目的评价膀胱癌抗原(UBC)对膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)的诊断价值.方法采用ELISA法对89例BTCC及108例泌尿系非移行细胞癌(TCC)患者的尿UBC进行检测,并同时行尿脱落细胞学检查.结果 BTCC患者尿UBC均值为30.5 μg/L,与泌尿系非TCC患者8.2μg/L的均值比较,差别有显著性意义(P＜0.01).尿UBC(以8.4μg/L为最适临界值)和尿细胞学诊断BTCC的敏感性分别为75.3%和16.9%,特异性分别为77.8%和100%,两者差别均有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论尿UBC检测对BTCC的诊断是一种较为敏感、特异且无创的方法,敏感性明显优于尿细胞学,但临床上不能完全替代尿细胞学检查.     

尿液中核基质蛋白22联合端粒酶活性检测诊断膀胱癌的实验研究

目的:探讨尿液中核基质蛋白22(NMP22)联合端粒酶活性检测在膀胱癌诊断中的价值,寻找一种敏感特异的无创性方法诊断膀胱癌.方法:收集60例膀胱癌和40例非膀胱癌患者新鲜尿液,用化学发光分析法检测尿液中NMP22水平,TRAP-PCR-ELISA法检测尿脱落细胞端粒酶活性,并同时行尿脱落细胞学检查,对比三者对膀胱癌诊断的敏感性和特异性.结果:尿液中NMP22对膀胱癌诊断的敏感性83.3％,特异性43.3％;端粒酶敏感性82％,特异性90％;细胞学检查敏感性30％,特异性100％.NMP22联合端粒酶活性检测,敏感性96％,特异性78％.结论:联合检测NMP22、端粒酶活性有较高的敏感性和特异性,具有一定临床诊断、随访价值.     

膀胱癌早期诊断中补体因子H检测的临床价值

目的探讨膀胱癌早期诊断中补体因子H检测的临床价值。方法选取2015年2月至2016年1月北京市门头沟区医院收治的46例膀胱癌患者的尿液标本为观察组,另选取同期30例良性血尿非肿瘤患者的尿液标本为对照组,分别进行尿脱落细胞学检查和补体因子H检测。结果补体因子H检测敏感性为78.3%,特异性为93.3%;尿脱落细胞学检查敏感性为52.2%,特异性为96.7%。观察组中,不同分型的膀胱癌,补体因子H检测的敏感性高于尿脱落细胞学检查,尤其是补体因子H检测在非浸润性膀胱癌的诊断中具有较好的敏感性(>83.3%)。结论补体因子H检测对于膀胱癌具有较好的早期诊断价值,且安全无创伤,成本低,效益高,灵敏度高,值得临床推广应用。     

应用荧光原位杂交技术检测膀胱癌的研究

目的应用荧光原位杂交((fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术检测膀胱癌患者尿液脱落细胞中染色体异常,评估FISH在中国人群中诊断膀胱癌的作用。方法2007年1月至2008年8月,随机留取20例良性前列腺增生症患者的新鲜尿液,用3号和7号、17号及p16位两组混合探针,通过在尿液脱落细胞标本上进行FISH检测,建立正常人群的阈值;其后随机留取30例门诊膀胱镜活检证实的膀胱癌患者的尿液,同时进行尿液脱落细胞的细胞形态学分析及FISH检测,对比检查结果。结果3号、7号和17号染色体非整倍性改变及p16位点异常正常阈值分别为8.5%、7.1%、6.8%和9.2%,FISH与细胞学检查总敏感性分别为76.6%和43.3%(P<0.05)。T_(is)及T_a、T_1患者FISH检测的敏感性分别为80.0%和64.2%,脱落细胞组织学检测显示敏感性分别为40.0%和35.7%;T_(2-3)患者FISH的敏感性为90.9%,而脱落细胞组织学检测为54.7%(P<0.05),低级别尿路上皮癌FISH及细胞学敏感性分别为68.4%和31.6%;高级别分别为90.9%和63.6%。结论与尿液脱落细胞组织学检测相比,对尿液脱落细胞进行FISH检测可以提高膀胱癌的诊断率,FISH可以作为诊断膀胱癌的一种无创伤的新方法。     

尿细胞角蛋白检测与尿脱落细胞学检查在膀胱癌诊断中的价值

目的:探讨尿细胞角蛋白检测与尿脱落细胞学检查在膀胱移行细胞癌诊断中的价值。方法:136例怀疑膀胱癌者,进行尿细胞角蛋白8和18的含量(UBC值)。检测与尿细胞学检查,其中87例经组织学证实为膀胱移行细胞癌。比较两者诊断膀胱癌的敏感性和特异性。结果:尿细胞角蛋白的敏感性为70.1%,特异性为73.3%;尿细胞学的敏感性为42.5%,特异性为83.7%。尿细胞角蛋白在膀胱癌不同分级和分期中的敏感性优于尿细胞学(P<0.05)。结论:尿细胞角蛋白的检测在早期诊断膀胱癌方面优于尿细胞学检查,可作为膀胱癌的早期检测指标。     

CD15在膀胱癌尿脱落细胞学检测中的应用价值

目的：探讨CD15在膀胱癌尿脱落细胞学诊断中的应用价值。方法：采用EnVision免疫细胞学染色方法，检测52例膀胱尿路上皮癌和16例非肿瘤病人尿脱落细胞标本中CD15的表达情况，并与细胞病理学检测相比较。结果：以5％尿脱落上皮细胞CD15染色阳性为膀胱癌诊断阈值，其敏感性和特异性分别为84．6％和87．5％，敏感性显著高于细胞学检查。结论：尿脱落细胞CD15免疫染色，有助于膀胱尿路上皮癌的诊断。     

膀胱移行细胞癌尿液脱落细胞中Livinα的表达及意义

目的:研究膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)尿液脱落细胞中Livinα的表达及意义.方法:留取49例BTCC患者、21例其他系统疾病患者和15例正常健康成人的新鲜尿液,离心收集脱落细胞,以逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测尿液脱落细胞中Livinα的表达,并行尿脱落细胞学检查.结果:49例BTCC患者尿脱落细胞中有40例检测出Livinα表达,而21例其他系统疾病患者和15例正常健康成人的尿脱落细胞中均未检测出Livinα的表达.以RT-PCR 方法检测膀胱癌患者尿液脱落细胞中Livinα的敏感性为81.6%,特异性为100%.尿脱落细胞学检查的敏感性和特异性为16.3%和100%,两种方法之间存在显著性(P<0.05).结论:初步的试验结果显示,RT-PCR法检测膀胱癌患者尿液脱落细胞中Livinα的方法比细胞学检查灵敏度高,可能成为诊断膀胱癌的无创性方法.     

联合检测尿液中CYFRA21-1及端粒酶活性在膀胱癌早期诊断中的意义

目的 通过联合检测尿液中细胞角蛋白19(CYFRA21-1)及端粒酶活性在膀胱癌患者中的水平,探讨其在膀胱癌术后复发早期诊断中的意义.方法 运用双单抗夹心酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测110例膀胱癌患者,52例良性患者及30名健康志愿者尿液样品中CYFRA21-1含量,以3.3 ng/mL检测临界值;采用聚合酶链反应的酶联免疫吸附试验(PCR-ELISA)方法 检测以上三组尿液样品中端粒酶活性.结果 膀胱癌患者尿液中CYFRA21-1水平显著高于良性患者组和正常对照组(P<0.01).与膀胱癌分期分级的相关性分析显示浸润性膀胱癌(T2、T3、T4)CYFRA21-1水平均高于表浅性膀胱癌(Tis、Ta、T1),相比有统计学意义(P<0.05).CYFRA21-1水平、端粒酶活性检测诊断膀胱癌的敏感度分别为92.2%、78.2%,特异度为66.7%、93.3%;而将上述方法 联合应用来筛检则敏感性可达到97.5%.结论 联合应用CYFRA21-1及端粒酶的检测敏感性高,特异性好,可用于膀胱癌的早期诊断及术后随访.     

RT-PCR法检测尿脱落细胞中XIAP的表达在膀胱癌诊断中的价值

目的：比较膀胱癌患者尿液脱落细胞中XIAP表达的RT-PCR检测法和常规尿脱落细胞病理学检测在膀胱癌诊断中的临床价值。方法：采用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术（RT-PCR）检测51例膀胱尿路上皮癌患者尿液脱落细胞中XIAP-mRNA的表达,同时行常规尿脱落细胞病理学检测,20例非肿瘤人员作为对照组。结果：实验组51例尿脱落细胞XIAP-mRNA RT-PCR检测阳性27例（53%）,尿脱落细胞学病理学检测阳性12例（24%）,对照组20例尿脱落细胞XIAP-mRNA检测阳性1例（5.0%）,对照组尿脱落细胞病理学检测阳性0例（0%）。实验组RT-PCR检测膀胱尿路上皮癌患者尿脱落细胞中XIAP表达的敏感性高于尿脱落细胞病理学检测,差异有极显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）,实验组RT-PCR检测膀胱尿路上皮癌患者尿中XIAP表达的敏感性显著高于非肿瘤对照组,差异有极显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：膀胱尿路上皮癌患者尿脱落细胞中XIAP表达的RT-PCR检测法较常规尿脱落细胞病理学检测更敏感,临床上作为膀胱癌的筛选方法,有一定的临床价值。     

TERT Promoter Mutations and TERT mRNA but Not FGFR3 Mutations Are Urinary Biomarkers in Han Chinese Patients With Urothelial Bladder Cancer

The TERT promoter and FGFR3 gene mutations are two of the most common genetic events in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), and these mutation assays in patient urine have been shown to be promising biomarkers for UBC diagnosis and surveillance. These results were obtained mainly from studies of patients with UBC in Western countries, and little is known about such information in Han Chinese patients with UBC. In the present study, we addressed this issue by analyzing tumors from 182 Han Chinese patients with UBC and urine samples from 102 patients for mutations in the TERT promoter and FGFR3 and TERT mRNA expression in tumors and/or urine. TERT promoter and FGFR3 mutations were identified in 87 of 182 (47.8%) and 7 of 102 (6.7%) UBC cases, respectively. In 46 urine samples from patients with TERT promoter mutation‐carrying tumors, the mutant promoter was detected in 24 (52%) prior to operation and disappeared in most examined urine samples (80%) taken 1 week after operation. TERT mRNA was detected in urine derived from 46 of 49 patients (94%) that was analyzed before operation independently of the presence of TERT promoter mutations. Collectively, FGFR3 mutations occur at a very low rate in Han Chinese UBC and cannot serve as diagnostic markers for Chinese patients. Han Chinese patients with UBC have relatively low TERT promoter mutation frequency compared with patients in Western countries, and simultaneous detection of both mutant TERT promoter and TERT mRNA improves sensitivity and specificity of urine‐based diagnosis.     

Diagnostic Role of Survivin in Urinary Bladder Cancer

Background: Early diagnosis of carcinoma of bladder remains a challenge. Survivin, a member of theinhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, is frequently activated in bladder carcinoma. The objective of thisstudy was to investigate urinary survivin as a marker for diagnosis of urinary bladder. Materials and Methods:We examined urinary survivin concentration in 28 healthy individuals, 46 positive controls and 117 cases ofhistologically proven TCC prior to transurethral resection, using ELISA, and compared values with findings forurinary cytology. Results: Survivin was found to be significantly higher in the cancer group (P<0.05). A cut offvalue of 17.7 pg/ml was proposed, with an approximate sensitivity of 82.9% and specificity of 81.1% (P<0.0001),whereas urine cytology had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 96.0%. Conclusions: Urinary survivin canbe used as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for TCC bladder, both for primary and recurrent disease.     

Assessing the Clinical Benefit of UBC Rapid in the Surveillance and Initial Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer

IntroductionSeveral studies have shown that abnormal urine levels of cytokeratins 8 and 18 are associated with bladder cancer. However, the clinical benefit of the UBC (urinary bladder cancer) Rapid assay has remained unclear.Patients and MethodsWe performed the UBC Rapid assay and voided cytology in 336 patients—297 in surveillance for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer and 39 with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated by contingency. We also controlled for the patients with positive UBC Rapid findings but negative cystoscopy findings to prove the former’s ability to provide an anticipatory diagnosis.ResultsWe diagnosed 27 recurrences (9.8%). Overall, the sensitivity of the UBC Rapid assay was better for the higher risk groups and after adding the cytology findings. The only independent predictor of a positive UBC Rapid assay was the tumor size. Of the 81 patients with positive UBC Rapid findings without positive cystoscopy findings, 8 (10%) had developed a recurrence within the first year. Avoiding cystoscopy for the patients with UBC Rapid negative results could avoid 184 cystoscopies (66%) but would result in missing 7 of 13 high-risk recurrences.ConclusionsThe performance of the UBC Rapid assay improved with increasing tumor size. Limiting cystoscopies to patients with UBC Rapid positive results could result in a reduction in surveillance cystoscopies but could result in missing high-risk recurrences. Finally, the UBC Rapid assay was not useful for anticipatory diagnoses.     

Diagnostic potential in bladder cancer of a panel of tumor markers (calreticulin, gamma -synuclein, and catechol-o-methyltransferase) identified by proteomic analysis

Using proteomic analysis, we previously identified calreticulin (CRT) as a potentially useful urinary marker for bladder cancer. Now, we have also identified gamma -synuclein (SNCG) and a soluble isoform of catechol-o-methyltransferase (s-COMT) as novel candidates for tumor markers in bladder cancer, by means of proteomic analysis. In the process of establishing a superior tumor marker system, we investigated the diagnostic value of a combination assay of these three proteins. Voided urine samples were obtained from 112 bladder cancer and 230 control patients. Urinary CRT, SNCG, and s-COMT were measured as a combined marker by quantitative western blot analysis. Relative concentration of each protein was calculated and the diagnostic value of a concomitant examination of these markers was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic analysis. With the best diagnostic cutoff, the overall sensitivity of the combined markers was 76.8% (95% confidence interval, 69-81%) with a specificity of 77.4% (72-80%), while those of a single use of CRT were 71.4% and 77.8%, respectively. When evaluated in relation to tumor characteristics, such as grade, stage, size, and outcome of urinary cytology, the diagnostic capacity of the combined markers was equal to or better than that of CRT in all categories. Concomitant use of CRT, SNCG, and s-COMT had higher sensitivity for detection of bladder cancer than did single use of CRT. Our study suggests that use of this panel of markers will improve the diagnosis of bladder cancer and may allow the development of a protein microarray assay or multi-channel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.     

联合检测尿液Survivin浓度及脱落细胞端粒酶活性在膀胱移行细胞癌中的诊断价值

目的：探讨尿液中Survivin浓度检测联合尿脱落细胞端粒酶活性检测在膀胱移行细胞癌诊断中的应用价值。方法：收集膀胱移行细胞癌患者尿液64例及非膀胱癌对照组患者尿液42例,应用ELISA方法检测各尿液标本中Survivin浓度及脱落细胞端粒酶的活性。结果：尿液中Survivin在膀胱癌诊断中的敏感度为82.8%,特异度为85.7%;尿脱落细胞端粒酶活性检测对膀胱癌诊断的敏感度为84.4%,特异度为69.0%;两种方法联合应用,两者均为阴性时诊断为阴性,否则为阳性,诊断膀胱癌的敏感度为95.3%,特异度为64.3%。结论：应用ELISA方法对尿液中Survivin浓度及脱落细胞端粒酶活性联合检测可显著提高膀胱移行细胞癌诊断的敏感度,而特异度变化不大,因此,两种指标联合检测较单一检测对膀胱移行细胞癌诊断更有价值。     

Urine and Serum Exosomes as Novel Biomarkers in Detection of Bladder Cancer

Background: The gold standard for initial clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer involves cystoscopic examination of bladder and histological evaluation of tissues. There is a critical need to identify non-invasive and sensitive biomarkers. Early detection is essential challenge in diagnosis and surveillance of bladder carcinoma. Exosomes are nano- sized vesicles present in many biological fluids and have significant role in cancer. Thus, quantification of exosomes in different stages of bladder cancer may be of critical concern for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Methods: Tumor derived exosomes levels in urine and serum samples of 70 bladder cancer Egyptian patients from stages T0-T3 and 12 healthy control people were measured using ELISA technique. Results: When compared to health subjects, exosomes levels in bladder cancer patients were increased in urine and serum samples at different stages of the disease. A gradual increase in tumor derived exosomes in serum (1.21, 3.31, 4.71, 6.47µg/ml) and urine (1.59, 2.84, 4.75, 6.67µg/ml) was observed comparative to invasiveness of tumor (T0-T3). Serum was more specific (100%) sample for detection of exosomes in bladder cancer. Conclusion:  our findings suggest that tumor derived exosomes may offer a convenient tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer.